{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T05:00:33Z","timestamp":1774674033590,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649289600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Empir Software Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-022-10139-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T09:18:00Z","timestamp":1649323080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Studying logging practice in test code"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6874-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haonan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-8972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Lamothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5441-6763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiyi","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"10139_CR1","unstructured":"Apache Common Logging (2021) Apache commons. https:\/\/commons.apache.org\/proper\/commons-logging\/guide.html#JCL_Best_Practices, Accessed: 2021-12-06"},{"key":"10139_CR2","unstructured":"Apache Software Foundation (2021) Apache software foundation. https:\/\/www.apache.org\/, Accessed: 2021-04-25"},{"key":"10139_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen B, Jiang ZMJ (2017a) Characterizing and detecting anti-patterns in the logging code. In: Proceedings of the 39th international conference on software engineering, ICSE \u201917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSE.2017.15, pp 71\u201381","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2017.15"},{"key":"10139_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen B, Jiang ZMJ (2017b) Characterizing and detecting anti-patterns in the logging code. In: Proceedings of the 39th international conference on software engineering, ICSE \u201917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSE.2017.15, pp 71\u201381","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2017.15"},{"issue":"1","key":"10139_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-016-9429-5","volume":"22","author":"B Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen B, Jiang ZMJ (2017c) Characterizing logging practices in Java-based open source software projects \u2013 a replication study in Apache Software Foundation. Empir Softw Eng 22(1):330\u2013374","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10139_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen B, Song J, Xu P, Hu X, Jiang Z M J (2018) An automated approach to estimating code coverage measures via execution logs. In: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM\/IEEE international conference on automated software engineering, association for computing machinery, New York, NY, USA, ASE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3238147.3238214, vol 2018, pp 305\u2013316","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3238214"},{"key":"10139_CR7","unstructured":"Cliff N (1996) Ordinal methods for behavioral data analysis. Erlbaum. https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?id=bIJFvgAACAAJ"},{"key":"10139_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen J (2013) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic press, Cambridge"},{"key":"10139_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Collard ML, Decker MJ, Maletic JI (2013) SrcML: An infrastructure for the exploration, analysis, and manipulation of source code: A tool demonstration. pp 516\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSM.2013.85","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2013.85"},{"key":"10139_CR10","unstructured":"Confidence Intervals\/Levels (2021) Sample size calculator. https:\/\/surveysystem.com\/sscalc.htm, Accessed: 2021-07-01"},{"key":"10139_CR11","volume-title":"Mathematical methods of statistics (PMS-9), vol 9","author":"H Cram\u00e9r","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cram\u00e9r H (2016) Mathematical methods of statistics (PMS-9), vol 9. Princeton University Press, Princeton"},{"key":"10139_CR12","unstructured":"Danial A (2021) Cloc. https:\/\/github.com\/AlDanial\/cloc"},{"key":"10139_CR13","unstructured":"Ding R, Zhou H, Lou JG, Zhang H, Lin Q, Fu Q, Zhang D, Xie T (2015) Log2: A cost-aware logging mechanism for performance diagnosis. USENIX Association, USA, USENIX ATC \u201915"},{"key":"10139_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding Z, Li H, Shang W (2022) Logentext: Automatically generating logging texts using neural machine translation. In: SANER. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER53432.2022.00051"},{"issue":"1","key":"10139_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2307\/2340521","volume":"85","author":"RA Fisher","year":"1922","unstructured":"Fisher RA (1922) On the interpretation of x2 from contingency tables, and the calculation of p. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 85(1):87\u201394. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2340521","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"10139_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1177\/1098214011426594","volume":"33","author":"TM Franke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Franke TM, Ho T, Christie CA (2012) The chi-square test: Often used and more often misinterpreted. Am J Eval 33(3):448\u2013458","journal-title":"Am J Eval"},{"key":"10139_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fu Q, Lou JG, Wang Y, Li J (2009) Execution anomaly detection in distributed systems through unstructured log analysis. In: 2009 Ninth IEEE international conference on data mining, pp 149\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDM.2009.60","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2009.60"},{"key":"10139_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu Q, Lou JG, Lin Q, Ding R, Zhang D, Xie T (2013) Contextual analysis of program logs for understanding system behaviors. In: Proceedings of the 10th working conference on mining software repositories. IEEE Press, MSR \u201913, p 397\u2013400","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2013.6624054"},{"key":"10139_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1145\/2591062.2591175","volume":"2014","author":"Q Fu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fu Q, Zhu J, Hu W, Lou J G, Ding R, Lin Q, Zhang D, Xie T (2014) Where do developers log? an empirical study on logging practices in industry. ICSE Companion 2014:24\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2591062.2591175","journal-title":"ICSE Companion"},{"key":"10139_CR20","unstructured":"GitPython-Developers (2021) GitPython-Developers\/gitpython: Gitpython is a python library used to interact with git repositories. https:\/\/git.io\/JnXb2, Accessed: 2021-04-25"},{"key":"10139_CR21","unstructured":"G\u00fclc\u00fc C (2002) The Complete log4j Manual. QOS.ch"},{"key":"10139_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Glerum K, Kinshumann K, Greenberg S, Aul G, Orgovan V, Nichols G, Grant D, Loihle G, Hunt G (2009) Debugging in the (very) large: Ten years of implementation and experience. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 22nd symposium on operating systems principles, association for computing machinery, New York, NY, USA, SOSP \u201909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1629575.1629586, pp 103\u2013116","DOI":"10.1145\/1629575.1629586"},{"key":"10139_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grechanik M, Jones JA, Orso A, van der Hoek A (2010) Bridging gaps between developers and testers in globally-distributed software development. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, FoSER \u201910, 149\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1882362.1882394","DOI":"10.1145\/1882362.1882394"},{"issue":"6","key":"10139_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-018-9603-z","volume":"23","author":"M Hassani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hassani M, Shang W, Shihab E, Tsantalis N (2018) Studying and detecting log-related issues. Empirical Softw Engg 23(6):3248\u20133280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-018-9603-z","journal-title":"Empirical Softw Engg"},{"key":"10139_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3238193","volume":"2018","author":"P He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He P, Chen Z, He S, Lyu M R (2018) Characterizing the natural language descriptions in software logging statements. ASE 2018:178\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3238147.3238193","journal-title":"ASE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10139_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-017-9518-0","volume":"23","author":"S Kabinna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kabinna S, Bezemer CP, Shang W, Syer MD, Hassan AE (2018) Examining the stability of logging statements. Empirical Softw Engg 23 (1):290\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-017-9518-0","journal-title":"Empirical Softw Engg"},{"key":"10139_CR27","volume-title":"The practice of programming","author":"BW Kernighan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kernighan B W, Pike R (1999) The practice of programming. Addison-Wesley longman publishing co Inc, USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10139_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-019-09681-1","volume":"24","author":"C Laaber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laaber C, Scheuner J, Leitner P (2019) Software microbenchmarking in the cloud. how bad is it really? Empirical Softw Engg 24(4):2469\u20132508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-019-09681-1","journal-title":"Empirical Softw Engg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10139_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-016-9467-z","volume":"22","author":"H Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li H, Shang W, Zou Y, E Hassan A (2017a) Towards just-in-time suggestions for log changes. Empir Softw Eng 22(4):1831\u20131865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-016-9467-z","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10139_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li H, Shang W, Hassan AE (2017b) Which log level should developers choose for a new logging statement? Empir Softw Eng, 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-016-9456-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-016-9456-2"},{"issue":"5","key":"10139_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-018-9595-8","volume":"23","author":"H Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li H, Chen THP, Shang W, Hassan AE (2018) Studying software logging using topic models. Empirical Softw Engg 23(5):2655\u20132694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-018-9595-8","journal-title":"Empirical Softw Engg"},{"key":"10139_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li H, Shang W, Adams B, Sayagh M, Hassan A E (2020a) A qualitative study of the benefits and costs of logging from developers\u2019 perspectives. IEEE Trans Softw Eng, 1\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSE.2020.2970422","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.2970422"},{"key":"10139_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Z, Tse-Hsun PC, Jinqiu Y, Weiyi S (2019) Characterizing and detecting duplicate logging code smells. In: Proceedings of the 41st international conference on software engineering: companion proceedings, ICSE \u201919, p 147\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSE-Companion.2019.00062","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-Companion.2019.00062"},{"key":"10139_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Z, Chen TH, Shang W (2020b) Where shall we log? studying and suggesting logging locations in code blocks. In: 2020 35th IEEE\/ACM international conference on automated software engineering (ASE), pp 361\u2013372","DOI":"10.1145\/3324884.3416636"},{"key":"10139_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Z, Li H, Chen THP, Shang W (2021) Deeplv: Suggesting log levels using ordinal based neural networks. In: 2021 IEEE\/ACM 43rd international conference on software engineering (ICSE), pp 1461\u20131472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSE43902.2021.00131","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE43902.2021.00131"},{"key":"10139_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Z, Xia X, Lo D, Xing Z, Hassan A E, Li S (2019) Which variables should I log? IEEE Trans Softw Eng, 1\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSE.2019.2941943","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2019.2941943"},{"key":"10139_CR37","unstructured":"Lou JG, Fu Q, Yang S, Xu Y, Li J (2010) Mining invariants from console logs for system problem detection. In: Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference, USENIX association, USA, USENIXATC\u201910, p 24"},{"key":"10139_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","volume":"22","author":"M McHugh","year":"2012","unstructured":"McHugh M (2012) Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemia medica 22:276\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11613\/BM.2012.031","journal-title":"Biochemia medica"},{"key":"10139_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2013.018","volume":"23","author":"M McHugh","year":"2013","unstructured":"McHugh M (2013) The chi-square test of independence. Biochemia medica 23:143\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11613\/BM.2013.018","journal-title":"Biochemia medica"},{"key":"10139_CR40","unstructured":"Microsoft Developer (2021) Microsoft developer. https:\/\/developer.microsoft.com\/, Accessed: 2021-04-25"},{"issue":"1","key":"10139_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2014.2357438","volume":"41","author":"E Murphy-Hill","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murphy-Hill E, Zimmermann T, Bird C, Nagappan N (2015) The design space of bug fixes and how developers navigate it. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 41(1):65\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSE.2014.2357438","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"10139_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nachar N (2008) The mann-Whitney U: A test for assessing whether two independent samples come from the same distribution. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20982\/tqmp.04.1.p013","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.04.1.p013"},{"key":"10139_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nagappan N, Ball T (2005) Use of relative code churn measures to predict system defect density. In: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on software engineering, ICSE \u201905, p 284\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1062455.1062514","DOI":"10.1145\/1062455.1062514"},{"key":"10139_CR44","unstructured":"Nagaraj K, Killian C, Neville J (2012) Structured comparative analysis of systems logs to diagnose performance problems. In: Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on networked systems design and implementation, USENIX Association, USA, NSDI\u201912, p 26"},{"key":"10139_CR45","unstructured":"Oracle and\/or its affiliates (2021) Package java.util.logging. https:\/\/docs.oracle.com\/en\/java\/javase\/16\/docs\/api\/java.logging\/java\/util\/logging\/package-summary.html, Accessed: 2021-07-05"},{"key":"10139_CR46","unstructured":"QOSch (2021) Simple logging facade for java (slf4j). http:\/\/www.slf4j.org\/, Accessed: 2021-04-25"},{"key":"10139_CR47","unstructured":"Romano J, Kromrey JD, Coraggio J, Skowronek J (2006) Appropriate statistics for ordinal level data: Should we really be using t-test and Cohen\u2019s d for evaluating group differences on the nsse and other surveys. In: Annual meeting of the Florida Association of Institutional Research, vol 13"},{"key":"10139_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shang W, Nagappan M, Hassan AE, Jiang ZM (2014) Understanding log lines using development knowledge. In: 2014 IEEE international conference on software maintenance and evolution, pp 21\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSME.2014.24","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2014.24"},{"issue":"1","key":"10139_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-013-9274-8","volume":"20","author":"W Shang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shang W, Nagappan M, Hassan A E (2015) Studying the relationship between logging characteristics and the code quality of platform software. Empir Softw Eng 20(1):1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-013-9274-8","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10139_CR50","unstructured":"SLF4J (2021) Slf4j. https:\/\/www.slf4j.org\/faq.html#fatal, Accessed: 2021-11-19"},{"key":"10139_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang Y, Spektor A, Khatchadourian R, Bagherzadeh M (2021) A tool for rejuvenating feature logging levels via git histories and degree of interest. arXiv:2112.02758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2021.102724"},{"key":"10139_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tang Y, Spektor A, Khatchadourian R, Bagherzadeh M (2022) Automated evolution of feature logging statement levels using git histories and degree of interest. Science of Computer Programming . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scico.2021.102724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2021.102724"},{"key":"10139_CR53","unstructured":"The Apache Software Foundation (2021) Apache Log4j is a java-based logging utility. https:\/\/logging.apache.org\/log4j\/2.x\/, Accessed: 2021-04-25"},{"key":"10139_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang S, Wen M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu R (2021) Understanding and facilitating the co-evolution of production and test code. In: 2021 IEEE international conference on software analysis, evolution and reengineering (SANER), pp 272\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SANER50967.2021.00033","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER50967.2021.00033"},{"key":"10139_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"White R, Krinke J, Tan R (2020) Establishing multilevel test-to-code traceability links. pp 861\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3377811.3380921","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380921"},{"key":"10139_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yao K, de P\u00e1dua GB, Shang W, Sporea S, Toma A, Sajedi S (2018) Log4perf: Suggesting logging locations for web-based systems\u2019 performance monitoring. pp 127\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3184407.3184416","DOI":"10.1145\/3184407.3184416"},{"issue":"1","key":"10139_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1145\/1961295.1950369","volume":"39","author":"D Yuan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yuan D, Zheng J, Park S, Zhou Y, Savage S (2011) Improving software diagnosability via log enhancement. SIGARCH Comput Archit News 39 (1):3\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1961295.1950369","journal-title":"SIGARCH Comput Archit News"},{"key":"10139_CR58","unstructured":"Yuan D, Park S, Huang P, Liu Y, Lee MM, Tang X, Zhou Y, Savage S (2012a) Be conservative: Enhancing failure diagnosis with proactive logging. In: Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on operating systems design and implementation, OSDI\u201912, p 293\u2013306"},{"key":"10139_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuan D, Park S, Zhou Y (2012b) Characterizing logging practices in open-source software. In: 2012 34th international conference on software engineering (ICSE), pp 102\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSE.2012.6227202","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2012.6227202"},{"key":"10139_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zeng Y, Chen J, Shang W, Chen T H P (2019) Studying the characteristics of logging practices in mobile apps: a case study on f-Droid. Empir Softw Eng, 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-019-09687-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-019-09687-9"},{"key":"10139_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao X, Rodrigues K, Luo Y, Stumm M, Yuan D, Zhou Y (2017) Log20: Fully automated optimal placement of log printing statements under specified overhead threshold. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, SOSP \u201917, p 565\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3132747.3132778","DOI":"10.1145\/3132747.3132778"},{"key":"10139_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhi C, Yin J, Deng S, Ye M, Fu M, Xie T (2019) An exploratory study of logging configuration practice in java. In: 2019 IEEE international conference on software maintenance and evolution (ICSME), pp 459\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSME.2019.00079","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2019.00079"},{"key":"10139_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu J, He P, Fu Q, Zhang H, Lyu MR, Zhang D (2015) Learning to log: Helping developers make informed logging decisions. In: Proceedings of the 37th international conference on software engineering - vol 1, IEEE Press, ICSE \u201915, p 415\u2013425","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2015.60"}],"container-title":["Empirical Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-022-10139-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10664-022-10139-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-022-10139-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T23:17:21Z","timestamp":1675207041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10664-022-10139-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-022-10139-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-3256","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7616","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 February 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"83"}}