{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T07:40:17Z","timestamp":1780731617766,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002702","name":"Aalborg University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002702","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Empir Software Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) communities\u2019 ability to stay viable and productive over time is pivotal for society as they maintain the building blocks that digital infrastructure, products, and services depend on. Sustainability may, however, be characterized from multiple aspects, and less is known how these aspects interplay and impact community outputs, and software quality specifically.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study, therefore, aims to empirically explore how the different aspects of FOSS sustainability impact software quality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>16 sustainability metrics across four categories were sampled and applied to a set of 217 OSS projects sourced from the Apache Software Foundation Incubator program. The impact of a decline in the sustainability metrics was analyzed against eight software quality metrics using Bayesian data analysis, which incorporates probability distributions to represent the regression coefficients and intercepts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Findings suggest that selected sustainability metrics do not significantly affect defect density or code coverage. However, a positive impact of community age was observed on specific code quality metrics, such as risk complexity, number of very large files, and code duplication percentage. Interestingly, findings show that even when communities are experiencing sustainability, certain code quality metrics are negatively impacted.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Findings imply that code quality practices are not consistently linked to sustainability, and defect management and prevention may be prioritized over the former. Results suggest that growth, resulting in a more complex and large codebase, combined with a probable lack of understanding of code quality standards, may explain the degradation in certain aspects of code quality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-024-10529-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T11:05:14Z","timestamp":1721732714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Free open source communities sustainability: Does it make a difference in software quality?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4483-0105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Alami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Lin\u00e5ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"10529_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed I, Mannan UA, Gopinath R, Jensen C (2015) An empirical study of design degradation: How software projects get worse over time. In: 2015 ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), pp. 1\u201310. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2015.7321186"},{"key":"10529_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alami A, Cohn ML, W\u0105isowski A (2020) How do foss communities decide to accept pull requests? In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering, pp. 220\u2013229","DOI":"10.1145\/3383219.3383242"},{"key":"10529_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alami A, Cohn ML, W\u0105sowski A (2019) Why does code review work for open source software communities? In: 2019 IEEE\/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pp. 1073\u20131083. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00111"},{"key":"10529_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alami A, Dittrich Y, W\u0105sowski A (2018) Influencers of quality assurance in an open source community. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering, pp. 61\u201368","DOI":"10.1145\/3195836.3195853"},{"issue":"7","key":"10529_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-022-10208-4","volume":"27","author":"A Alami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alami A, Krancher O (2022) How scrum adds value to achieving software quality? Empir Softw Eng 27(7):165","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"10529_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4838","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3128356","volume":"48","author":"A Alami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alami A, Pardo R, Cohn ML, W\u0105sowski A (2021) Pull request governance in open source communities. IEEE Trans Software Eng 48(12):4838\u20134856","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Software Eng"},{"key":"10529_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson J, Steinmacher I, Rodeghero P (2020) Assessing the characteristics of foss contributions in network automation projects. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME), pp. 324\u2013335. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME46990.2020.00039"},{"key":"10529_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avelino G, Constantinou E, Valente MT, Serebrenik A (2019) On the abandonment and survival of open source projects: An empirical investigation. In: 2019 ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), pp. 1\u201312. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2019.8870181"},{"key":"10529_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avelino G, Passos L, Hora A, Valente MT (2016) A novel approach for estimating truck factors. In: 2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC), pp. 1\u201310. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2016.7503718"},{"key":"10529_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borges H, Hora A, Valente MT (2016) Understanding the factors that impact the popularity of github repositories. In: 2016 IEEE international conference on software maintenance and evolution (ICSME), pp. 334\u2013344. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2016.31"},{"issue":"6","key":"10529_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-023-10381-0","volume":"28","author":"J B\u00f6rstler","year":"2023","unstructured":"B\u00f6rstler J, Bennin KE, Hooshangi S, Jeuring J, Keuning H, Kleiner C, MacKellar B, Duran R, St\u00f6rrle H, Toll D et al (2023) Developers talking about code quality. Empir Softw Eng 28(6):128","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10529_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Champion K, Hill BM (2021) Underproduction: An approach for measuring risk in open source software. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER), pp. 388\u2013399. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER50967.2021.00043"},{"issue":"11","key":"10529_CR13","first-page":"5","volume":"11","author":"I Chengalur-Smith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chengalur-Smith I, Sidorova A, Daniel SL (2010) Sustainability of free\/libre open source projects: A longitudinal study. J Assoc Inf Syst 11(11):5","journal-title":"J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"10529_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coelho J, Valente MT (2017) Why modern open source projects fail. In: Proceedings of the 2017 11th Joint meeting on foundations of software engineering, pp. 186\u2013196","DOI":"10.1145\/3106237.3106246"},{"key":"10529_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crowston K, Howison J (2005) The social structure of free and open source software development. First Monday","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v10i2.1207"},{"issue":"2","key":"10529_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2089125.2089127","volume":"44","author":"K Crowston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Crowston K, Wei K, Howison J, Wiggins A (2008) Free\/libre open-source software development: What we know and what we do not know. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 44(2):1\u201335","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)"},{"key":"10529_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2021.106737","volume":"142","author":"E Do\u011fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Do\u011fan E, T\u00fcz\u00fcn E (2022) Towards a taxonomy of code review smells. Inf Softw Technol 142:106737","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"10529_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fagerholm F, Guinea AS, M\u00fcnch J, Borenstein J (2014) The role of mentoring and project characteristics for onboarding in open source software projects. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM\/IEEE international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement, pp. 1\u201310","DOI":"10.1145\/2652524.2652540"},{"issue":"4","key":"10529_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222250401","volume":"25","author":"Y Fang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fang Y, Neufeld D (2009) Understanding sustained participation in open source software projects. J Manag Inf Syst 25(4):9\u201350","journal-title":"J Manag Inf Syst"},{"key":"10529_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foucault M, Palyart M, Blanc X, Murphy GC, Falleri JR (2015) Impact of developer turnover on quality in open-source software. In: Proceedings of the 2015 10th joint meeting on foundations of software engineering, pp. 829\u2013841","DOI":"10.1145\/2786805.2786870"},{"key":"10529_CR21","unstructured":"Foundation, T.A.S.: Log4j \u2013 apache log4j\u2122 2. https:\/\/logging.apache.org\/log4j\/2.x\/. (Accessed on 04\/18\/2023)"},{"key":"10529_CR22","unstructured":"Fowler M, Beck K (1997) Refactoring: Improving the design of existing code. In: 11th European Conference. Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"},{"issue":"3","key":"10529_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3490953","volume":"31","author":"CA Furia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Furia CA, Torkar R, Feldt R (2022) Applying bayesian analysis guidelines to empirical software engineering data: The case of programming languages and code quality. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) 31(3):1\u201338","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)"},{"key":"10529_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2014.10.005","volume":"49","author":"AH Ghapanchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghapanchi AH (2015) Predicting software future sustainability: A longitudinal perspective. Inf Syst 49:40\u201351","journal-title":"Inf Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"10529_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1109\/32.106988","volume":"17","author":"GK Gill","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gill GK, Kemerer CF (1991) Cyclomatic complexity density and software maintenance productivity. IEEE Trans Software Eng 17(12):1284\u20131288","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Software Eng"},{"issue":"03","key":"10529_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4236\/jsea.2009.23020","volume":"2","author":"J Graylin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Graylin J, Hale JE, Smith RK, David H, Kraft NA, Charles W et al (2009) Cyclomatic complexity and lines of code: Empirical evidence of a stable linear relationship. J Softw Eng Appl 2(03):137","journal-title":"J Softw Eng Appl"},{"issue":"CSCW2","key":"10529_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3479551","volume":"5","author":"M Guizani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guizani M, Chatterjee A, Trinkenreich B, May ME, Noa-Guevara GJ, Russell LJ, Cuevas Zambrano GG, Izquierdo-Cortazar D, Steinmacher I, Gerosa MA et al (2021) The long road ahead: Ongoing challenges in contributing to large oss organizations and what to do. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5(CSCW2):1\u201330","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"10529_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han J, Deng S, Xia X, Wang D, Yin J (2019) Characterization and prediction of popular projects on github. In: 2019 IEEE 43rd annual computer software and applications conference (COMPSAC), vol.\u00a01, pp. 21\u201326. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2019.00013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10529_CR29","first-page":"1593","volume":"15","author":"MD Hoffman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoffman MD, Gelman A et al (2014) The no-u-turn sampler: adaptively setting path lengths in hamiltonian monte carlo. J Mach Learn Res 15(1):1593\u20131623","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"10529_CR30","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC: Iso\/iec 25010:2011(en) systems and software engineering \u2014 systems and software quality requirements and evaluation (square) \u2014 system and software quality models (2011). https:\/\/www.iso.org\/obp\/ui\/#iso:std:iso-iec:25010:ed-1:v1:en"},{"issue":"11","key":"10529_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.04.006","volume":"56","author":"S Jansen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jansen S (2014) Measuring the health of open source software ecosystems: Beyond the scope of project health. Inf Softw Technol 56(11):1508\u20131519","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"10529_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen C, Scacchi W (2007) Role migration and advancement processes in ossd projects: A comparative case study. In: 29th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201907), pp. 364\u2013374. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2007.74"},{"key":"10529_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang S, Cao J, Prasad M (2019) The metrics to evaluate the health status of oss projects based on factor analysis. In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing: 14th CCF Conference, ChineseCSCW 2019, Kunming, China, August 16\u201318, 2019, Revised Selected Papers 14, pp. 723\u2013737. Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1377-0_56"},{"key":"10529_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khomh F, Dhaliwal T, Zou Y, Adams B (2012) Do faster releases improve software quality? an empirical case study of mozilla firefox. In: 2012 9th IEEE working conference on mining software repositories (MSR), pp. 179\u2013188. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2012.6224279"},{"key":"10529_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-011-9171-y","volume":"17","author":"F Khomh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khomh F, Penta MD, Gu\u00e9h\u00e9neuc YG, Antoniol G (2012) An exploratory study of the impact of antipatterns on class change-and fault-proneness. Empir Softw Eng 17:243\u2013275","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10529_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/52.476281","volume":"13","author":"B Kitchenham","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kitchenham B, Pfleeger SL (1996) Software quality: the elusive target [special issues section]. IEEE Softw 13(1):12\u201321","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"key":"10529_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46144","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3170475","volume":"10","author":"M Klima","year":"2022","unstructured":"Klima M, Bures M, Frajtak K, Rechtberger V, Trnka M, Bellekens X, Cerny T, Ahmed BS (2022) Selected code-quality characteristics and metrics for internet of things systems. IEEE Access 10:46144\u201346161","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10529_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-016-1221-4","volume":"25","author":"JK Kruschke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kruschke JK, Liddell TM (2018) The bayesian new statistics: Hypothesis testing, estimation, meta-analysis, and power analysis from a bayesian perspective. Psychonomic bulletin & review 25:178\u2013206","journal-title":"Psychonomic bulletin & review"},{"key":"10529_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin\u00e5ker J, Papatheocharous E, Olsson T (2022) How to characterize the health of an open source software project? a snowball literature review of an emerging practice. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Open Collaboration, pp. 1\u201312","DOI":"10.1145\/3555051.3555067"},{"key":"10529_CR40","unstructured":"Manikas K, Hansen KM (2013) Reviewing the health of software ecosystems\u2013a conceptual framework proposal. In: Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on software ecosystems (IWSECO), pp. 33\u201344. Citeseer"},{"key":"10529_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mannan UA, Ahmed I, Sarma A (2018) Towards understanding code readability and its impact on design quality. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGSOFT International Workshop on NLP for Software Engineering, pp. 18\u201321","DOI":"10.1145\/3283812.3283820"},{"key":"10529_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429029608","volume-title":"Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and STAN","author":"R McElreath","year":"2020","unstructured":"McElreath R (2020) Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and STAN, 2nd edn. CRC Press","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"10529_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2007.256941","volume":"33","author":"T Menzies","year":"2006","unstructured":"Menzies T, Greenwald J, Frank A (2006) Data mining static code attributes to learn defect predictors. IEEE Trans Software Eng 33(1):2\u201313","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Software Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"10529_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.11.010","volume":"85","author":"V Midha","year":"2012","unstructured":"Midha V, Palvia P (2012) Factors affecting the success of open source software. J Syst Softw 85(4):895\u2013905","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"issue":"3","key":"10529_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1145\/567793.567795","volume":"11","author":"A Mockus","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mockus A, Fielding RT, Herbsleb JD (2002) Two case studies of open source software development: Apache and mozilla. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) 11(3):309\u2013346","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)"},{"key":"10529_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oriol AP, Virgile A, Colin C, Larry D, J, FC, Maxim K, Ravin K, Jupeng L, C, LC, A, MO, Michael O, Ricardo V, Thomas W, Robert Z (2023) Pymc: A modern and comprehensive probabilistic programming framework in python. PeerJ Computer Science 9:e1516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj-cs.1516","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1516"},{"key":"10529_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osman K, Baysal O (2021) Health is wealth: Evaluating the health of the bitcoin ecosystem in github. In: 2021 IEEE\/ACM 4th International Workshop on Software Health in Projects, Ecosystems and Communities (SoHeal), pp. 1\u20138. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/SoHeal52568.2021.00007"},{"key":"10529_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman F, Devanbu P (2013) How, and why, process metrics are better. In: 2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pp. 432\u2013441. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2013.6606589"},{"key":"10529_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray B, Posnett D, Filkov V, Devanbu P (2014) A large scale study of programming languages and code quality in github. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on foundations of software engineering, pp. 155\u2013165","DOI":"10.1145\/2635868.2635922"},{"issue":"1","key":"10529_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-sen:20020198","volume":"149","author":"SR Schach","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schach SR, Jin B, Wright DR, Heller GZ, Offutt AJ (2002) Maintainability of the linux kernel. IEE Proceedings-Software 149(1):18\u201323","journal-title":"IEE Proceedings-Software"},{"key":"10529_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah SMA, Morisio M, Torchiano M (2013) Software defect density variants: A proposal. In: 2013 4th International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Metrics (WETSoM), pp. 56\u201361. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/WETSoM.2013.6619337"},{"issue":"8","key":"10529_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2019.03.011","volume":"48","author":"M Shaikh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shaikh M, Levina N (2019) Selecting an open innovation community as an alliance partner: Looking for healthy communities and ecosystems. Res Policy 48(8):103766","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10529_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(94)90011-6","volume":"26","author":"M Shepperd","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shepperd M, Ince DC (1994) A critique of three metrics. J Syst Softw 26(3):197\u2013210","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"10529_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St\u0103nciulescu T, Yin L, Filkov V (2022) Code, quality, and process metrics in graduated and retired asfi projects. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, pp. 495\u2013506","DOI":"10.1145\/3540250.3549132"},{"issue":"1","key":"10529_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13174-021-00140-z","volume":"12","author":"I Steinmacher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steinmacher I, Balali S, Trinkenreich B, Guizani M, Izquierdo-Cortazar D, Cuevas Zambrano GG, Gerosa MA, Sarma A (2021) Being a mentor in open source projects. Journal of Internet Services and Applications 12(1):1\u201333","journal-title":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications"},{"key":"10529_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-018-9335-z","volume":"28","author":"I Steinmacher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steinmacher I, Gerosa M, Conte TU, Redmiles DF (2019) Overcoming social barriers when contributing to open source software projects. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 28:247\u2013290","journal-title":"Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)"},{"key":"10529_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valiev M, Vasilescu B, Herbsleb J (2018) Ecosystem-level determinants of sustained activity in open-source projects: A case study of the pypi ecosystem. In: Proceedings of the 2018 26th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, pp. 644\u2013655","DOI":"10.1145\/3236024.3236062"},{"key":"10529_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van\u00a0Vulpen P, Menkveld A, Jansen S (2017) Health measurement of data-scarce software ecosystems: a case study of apple\u2019s researchkit. In: Software Business: 8th International Conference, ICSOB 2017, Essen, Germany, June 12-13, 2017, Proceedings 8, pp. 131\u2013145. Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69191-6_9"},{"key":"10529_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasilescu B, Yu Y, Wang H, Devanbu P, Filkov V (2015) Quality and productivity outcomes relating to continuous integration in github. In: Proceedings of the 2015 10th joint meeting on foundations of software engineering, pp. 805\u2013816","DOI":"10.1145\/2786805.2786850"},{"key":"10529_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walden J (2020) The impact of a major security event on an open source project: The case of openssl. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories, pp. 409\u2013419","DOI":"10.1145\/3379597.3387465"},{"issue":"4","key":"10529_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2012.03.001","volume":"30","author":"J Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang J (2012) Survival factors for free open source software projects: A multi-stage perspective. Eur Manag J 30(4):352\u2013371","journal-title":"Eur Manag J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10529_CR62","first-page":"1","volume":"29","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Z, Feng Y, Wang Y, Jones JA, Redmiles D (2020) Unveiling elite developers\u2019 activities in open source projects. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) 29(3):1\u201335","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10529_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-022-10171-0","volume":"27","author":"T Xia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xia T, Fu W, Shu R, Agrawal R, Menzies T (2022) Predicting health indicators for open source projects (using hyperparameter optimization). Empir Softw Eng 27(6):122","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10529_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin L, Chen Z, Xuan Q, Filkov V (2021) Sustainability forecasting for apache incubator projects. In: Proceedings of the 29th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, pp. 1056\u20131067","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3468563"},{"issue":"6","key":"10529_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2005.08.014","volume":"79","author":"L Yu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yu L, Schach SR, Chen K, Heller GZ, Offutt J (2006) Maintainability of the kernels of open-source operating systems: A comparison of linux with freebsd, netbsd, and openbsd. J Syst Softw 79(6):807\u2013815","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"10529_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou M, Mockus A (2012) What make long term contributors: Willingness and opportunity in oss community. In: 2012 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pp. 518\u2013528. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2012.6227164"}],"container-title":["Empirical Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-024-10529-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10664-024-10529-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-024-10529-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T03:50:04Z","timestamp":1725594604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10664-024-10529-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-024-10529-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-3256","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7616","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"114"}}