{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:49:57Z","timestamp":1772498997984,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20201250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20201250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cooperation Fund of Huawei-NJU Creative Laboratory for the Next Programming"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023581","name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2034508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2034508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sam Taylor Fellowship Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P31989-N31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P31989-N31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P34805-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P34805-N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"LIT Secure and Correct System Lab sponsored by the province of Upper Austria"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Empir Software Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-024-10537-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T08:02:55Z","timestamp":1724486575000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An extensive replication study of the ABLoTS approach for bug localization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4123-4554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feifei","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enshuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Mayr-Dorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wesley Klewerton Guez","family":"Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liguo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jidong","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Egyed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"10537_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbar SA, Kak AC (2020) A large-scale comparative evaluation of ir-based tools for bug localization. In: 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories, pp. 21\u201331","DOI":"10.1145\/3379597.3387474"},{"key":"10537_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Aidaroos AS, Bamzahem SM (2023) The impact of glove and word2vec word-embedding technologies on bug localization with convolutional neural network. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 108\u2013111","DOI":"10.7753\/IJSEA1201.1035"},{"key":"10537_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anh BTM, Luyen NV (2021) An imbalanced deep learning model for bug localization. In: 2021 28th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference Workshops (APSEC Workshops), pp. 32\u201340. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/APSECW53869.2021.00017"},{"key":"10537_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anvik J, Hiew L, Murphy GC (2005) Coping with an open bug repository. In: 2005 OOPSLA Workshop on Eclipse Technology eXchange, pp. 35\u201339","DOI":"10.1145\/1117696.1117704"},{"key":"10537_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anvik J, Hiew L, Murphy GC (2006) Who should fix this bug? In: 28th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 361\u2013370","DOI":"10.1145\/1134285.1134336"},{"key":"10537_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aslam JA, Montague MH (2001) Models for metasearch. In: Croft, W.B., Harper, D.J., Kraft, D.H., Zobel, J. (eds.) SIGIR 2001: 24th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, September 9-13, 2001, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, pp. 275\u2013284. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/383952.384007","DOI":"10.1145\/383952.384007"},{"key":"10537_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aslan \u00d6, Samet R (2017) Mitigating cyber security attacks by being aware of vulnerabilities and bugs. In: 2017 International Conference on Cyberworlds (cw), pp. 222\u2013225. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CW.2017.22"},{"key":"10537_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bachmann A, Bernstein A (2009) Software process data quality and characteristics: a historical view on open and closed source projects. In: Joint International and Annual ERCIM Workshops on Principles of Software Evolution (IWPSE) and Software Evolution (Evol) Workshops, pp. 119\u2013128","DOI":"10.1145\/1595808.1595830"},{"key":"10537_CR9","unstructured":"Baeza-Yates R, Ribeiro-Neto B et\u00a0al (1999) Modern Information Retrieval vol. 463. ACM press New York"},{"key":"10537_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benton S, Ghanbari A, Zhang L (2019) Defexts: A curated dataset of reproducible real-world bugs for modern jvm languages. In: 2019 IEEE\/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion), pp. 47\u201350. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-Companion.2019.00035"},{"key":"10537_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bettenburg N, Premraj R, Zimmermann T, Kim S (2008) Duplicate bug reports considered harmful... really? In: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, pp. 337\u2013345. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2008.4658082"},{"key":"10537_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao J, Yang S, Jiang W, Zeng H, Shen B, Zhong H (2020) Bugpecker: Locating faulty methods with deep learning on revision graphs. In: Proceedings of the 35th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, pp. 1214\u20131218","DOI":"10.1145\/3324884.3418934"},{"key":"10537_CR13","unstructured":"Carver JC (2010) Towards reporting guidelines for experimental replications: A proposal. In: 1st International Workshop on Replication in Empirical Software Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 1\u20134"},{"key":"10537_CR14","unstructured":"Chris\u00a0Lewis RO. Bug Prediction at Google. [EB\/OL]. http:\/\/google-engtools.blogspot.com\/2011\/12\/bug-prediction-at-google.html Accessed 12, 2011"},{"key":"10537_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciborowska A, Damevski K (2022) Fast changeset-based bug localization with bert. In: 44th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 946\u2013957","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510042"},{"key":"10537_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciborowska A, Damevski K (2022) Fast changeset-based bug localization with bert. In: Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 946\u2013957","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510042"},{"issue":"3","key":"10537_CR17","first-page":"501","volume":"19","author":"FQ Da Silva","year":"2014","unstructured":"Da Silva FQ, Suassuna M, Fran\u00e7a ACC, Grubb AM, Gouveia TB, Monteiro CV, Santos IE (2014) Replication of empirical studies in software engineering research: a systematic mapping study. Empir Softw Eng 19(3):501\u2013557","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10537_CR18","unstructured":"Fox EA, Koushik MP, Shaw J, Modlin R, Rao D et\u00a0al (1993) Combining evidence from multiple searches. In: The First Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-1), pp. 319\u2013328"},{"key":"10537_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox E, Shaw J (1994) Combination of multiple searches. NIST special publication SP, 243\u2013243","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-225.vpi"},{"key":"10537_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garnier M, Garcia A (2016) On the evaluation of structured information retrieval-based bug localization on 20 c# projects. In: XXX Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering, pp. 123\u2013132","DOI":"10.1145\/2973839.2973853"},{"issue":"8","key":"10537_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.04.004","volume":"56","author":"OS G\u00f3mez","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez OS, Juristo N, Vegas S (2014) Understanding replication of experiments in software engineering: A classification. Inf Softw Technol 56(8):1033\u20131048","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"10537_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haben G, Habchi S, Papadakis M, Cordy M, Le\u00a0Traon Y (2021) A replication study on the usability of code vocabulary in predicting flaky tests. In: 2021 IEEE\/ACM 18th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR), pp. 219\u2013229. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR52588.2021.00034"},{"issue":"1","key":"10537_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/1656274.1656278","volume":"11","author":"M Hall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hall M, Frank E, Holmes G, Pfahringer B, Reutemann P, Witten IH (2009) The weka data mining software: an update. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsl 11(1):10\u201318","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10537_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s10515-023-00379-9","volume":"30","author":"J Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han J, Huang C, Sun S, Liu Z, Liu J (2023) bjxnet: an improved bug localization model based on code property graph and attention mechanism. Autom Softw Eng 30(1):12","journal-title":"Autom Softw Eng"},{"issue":"7","key":"10537_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2019.2920771","volume":"47","author":"X Huo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huo X, Thung F, Li M, Lo D, Shi S-T (2019) Deep transfer bug localization. IEEE Trans Software Eng 47(7):1368\u20131380","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Software Eng"},{"key":"10537_CR26","unstructured":"Imblearn (2022) Imblearn. https:\/\/imbalanced-learn.org\/stable\/"},{"key":"10537_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeffrey D, Feng M, Gupta N, Gupta R (2009) Bugfix: A learning-based tool to assist developers in fixing bugs. In: 2009 IEEE 17th International Conference on Program Comprehension, pp. 70\u201379. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2009.5090029"},{"key":"10537_CR28","unstructured":"JIRA (2018) Jira Issue Tracking Software. https:\/\/www.jira.com"},{"key":"10537_CR29","unstructured":"Jones KS (1972) A statistical interpretation of term specificity and its application in retrieval. Journal of documentation"},{"key":"10537_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim S, Zimmermann T, Whitehead\u00a0Jr EJ, Zeller A (2007) Predicting faults from cached history. In: 29th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201907), pp. 489\u2013498. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2007.66"},{"key":"10537_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lam AN, Nguyen AT, Nguyen HA, Nguyen TN (2015) Combining deep learning with information retrieval to localize buggy files for bug reports (n). In: 2015 30th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE), pp. 476\u2013481. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2015.73"},{"key":"10537_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lam AN, Nguyen AT, Nguyen HA, Nguyen TN (2017) Bug localization with combination of deep learning and information retrieval. In: 2017 IEEE\/ACM 25th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC), pp. 218\u2013229 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2017.24"},{"key":"10537_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Le TD, Lo D, Le Goues C, Grunske L (2016) A learning-to-rank based fault localization approach using likely invariants. In: 25th International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, pp. 177\u2013188","DOI":"10.1145\/2931037.2931049"},{"key":"10537_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee J, Kim D, Bissyand\u00e9 TF, Jung W, Traon YL (2018) Bench4bl: Reproducibility study of the performance of ir-based bug localization. In: 27th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis. ISSTA 2018, pp. 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3213846.3213856","DOI":"10.1145\/3213846.3213856"},{"key":"10537_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis C, Lin Z, Sadowski C, Zhu X, Ou R, Whitehead EJ (2013) Does bug prediction support human developers? findings from a google case study. In: 2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pp. 372\u2013381. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2013.6606583"},{"issue":"2","key":"10537_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-021-10082-6","volume":"27","author":"W Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li W, Li Q, Ming Y, Dai W, Ying S, Yuan M (2022) An empirical study of the effectiveness of ir-based bug localization for large-scale industrial projects. Empir Softw Eng 27(2):1\u201331","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10537_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li G, Liu H, Chen X, Gunawi HS, Lu S (2019) Dfix: automatically fixing timing bugs in distributed systems. In: 40th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, pp. 994\u20131009","DOI":"10.1145\/3314221.3314620"},{"key":"10537_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loyola P, Gajananan K, Satoh F (2018) Bug localization by learning to rank and represent bug inducing changes. In: 27th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 657\u2013665","DOI":"10.1145\/3269206.3271811"},{"key":"10537_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucia, Lo D, Xia X (2014) Fusion fault localizers. In: 29th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, pp. 127\u2013138","DOI":"10.1145\/2642937.2642983"},{"issue":"9","key":"10537_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2010.04.002","volume":"52","author":"SK Lukins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lukins SK, Kraft NA, Etzkorn LH (2010) Bug localization using latent dirichlet allocation. Inf Softw Technol 52(9):972\u2013990","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"10537_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manning CD, Raghavan P, Sch\u00fctze H (2008) Introduction to Information Retrieval. Cambridge university press","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809071"},{"issue":"253","key":"10537_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1951.10500769","volume":"46","author":"FJ Massey Jr","year":"1951","unstructured":"Massey FJ Jr (1951) The kolmogorov-smirnov test for goodness of fit. J Am Stat Assoc 46(253):68\u201378","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10537_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2011.84","volume":"38","author":"C McMillan","year":"2011","unstructured":"McMillan C, Grechanik M, Poshyvanyk D, Fu C, Xie Q (2011) Exemplar: A source code search engine for finding highly relevant applications. IEEE Trans Software Eng 38(5):1069\u20131087","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Software Eng"},{"key":"10537_CR44","unstructured":"Muvva S, Rao AE, Chimalakonda S (2020) Bugl\u2013a cross-language dataset for bug localization. arXiv:2004.08846"},{"key":"10537_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu F, Assun\u00e7ao WKG, Huang L, Mayr-Dorn C, Ge J, Luo B, Egyed A (2023) Rat: A refactoring-aware traceability model for bug localization. In: 2023 45th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). IEEE. accepted","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE48619.2023.00028"},{"key":"10537_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu F, Mayr-Dorn C, Assun\u00e7\u00e3o WK, Huang L, Ge J, Luo B, Egyed A (2023) The ablots approach for bug localization: is it replicable and generalizable? In: 2023 IEEE\/ACM 20th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR), pp. 576\u2013587. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR59073.2023.00083"},{"key":"10537_CR47","unstructured":"NLTK (2022) NLTK library. http:\/\/www.nltk.org"},{"key":"10537_CR48","unstructured":"Piessens F (2002) A taxonomy of causes of software vulnerabilities in internet software. In: Supplementary 13th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, pp. 47\u201352. Citeseer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10537_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2021.3104728","volume":"71","author":"B Qi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qi B, Sun H, Yuan W, Zhang H, Meng X (2021) Dreamloc: A deep relevance matching-based framework for bug localization. IEEE Trans Reliab 71(1):235\u2013249","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"key":"10537_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman F, Posnett D, Hindle A, Barr E, Devanbu P (2011) Bugcache for inspections: hit or miss? In: 19th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium and the 13th European Conference on Foundations of Software Engineering, pp. 322\u2013331","DOI":"10.1145\/2025113.2025157"},{"key":"10537_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2019.104005","volume":"25","author":"M Rath","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rath M, M\u00e4der P (2019) The seoss 33 dataset\u2013requirements, bug reports, code history, and trace links for entire projects. Data Brief 25:104005","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"10537_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rath M, Lo D, M\u00e4der P (2018) Analyzing requirements and traceability information to improve bug localization. In: 15th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories, pp. 442\u2013453","DOI":"10.1145\/3196398.3196415"},{"key":"10537_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rath M, Lo D, M\u00e4der P (2018) Replication Data for: Analyzing Requirements and Traceability Information to Improve Bug Localization","DOI":"10.1145\/3196398.3196415"},{"key":"10537_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saha RK, Lease M, Khurshid S, Perry DE (2013) Improving bug localization using structured information retrieval. In: 28th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE), pp. 345\u2013355. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2013.6693093"},{"key":"10537_CR55","unstructured":"Sangle S, Muvva S, Chimalakonda S, Ponnalagu K, Venkoparao VG (2020) Drast\u2013a deep learning and ast based approach for bug localization. arXiv:2011.03449"},{"key":"10537_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctze H, Manning CD, Raghavan P (2008) Introduction to Information Retrieval vol. 39. Cambridge University Press Cambridge","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809071"},{"key":"10537_CR57","unstructured":"scikit-learn (2022) scikit-learn. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/"},{"key":"10537_CR58","unstructured":"SCM G (2018) Git SCM. https:\/\/www.git-scm.com"},{"key":"10537_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2018.01.006","volume":"99","author":"M Shepperd","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shepperd M, Ajienka N, Counsell S (2018) The role and value of replication in empirical software engineering results. Inf Softw Technol 99:120\u2013132","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"10537_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi X, Ju X, Chen X, Lu G, Xu M (2022) Semirfl: Boosting fault localization via combining semantic information and information retrieval. In: 2022 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability, and Security Companion (QRS-C), pp. 324\u2013332. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/QRS-C57518.2022.00055"},{"key":"10537_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sisman B, Kak AC (2012) Incorporating version histories in information retrieval based bug localization. In: 2012 9th IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR), pp. 50\u201359. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2012.6224299"},{"key":"10537_CR62","unstructured":"Strohman T, Metzler D, Turtle H, Croft WB (2005) Indri: A language model-based search engine for complex queries. In: International Conference on Intelligent Analysis, vol. 2, pp. 2\u20136. Citeseer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10537_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-013-9258-8","volume":"19","author":"L Tan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tan L, Liu C, Li Z, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhai C (2014) Bug characteristics in open source software. Empir Softw Eng 19(6):1665\u20131705","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10537_CR64","first-page":"77","volume":"99","author":"EM Voorhees","year":"1999","unstructured":"Voorhees EM et al (1999) The trec-8 question answering track report. Trec 99:77\u201382","journal-title":"Trec"},{"issue":"10","key":"10537_CR65","first-page":"921","volume":"28","author":"S Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang S, Lo D (2016) Amalgam+: Composing rich information sources for accurate bug localization. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process. 28(10):921\u2013942","journal-title":"Journal of Software: Evolution and Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"10537_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2020.3006214","volume":"15","author":"B Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang B, Xu L, Yan M, Liu C, Liu L (2020) Multi-dimension convolutional neural network for bug localization. IEEE Trans Serv Comput 15(3):1649\u20131663","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Serv Comput"},{"key":"10537_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang S, Lo D (2014) Version history, similar report, and structure: Putting them together for improved bug localization. In: 22nd International Conference on Program Comprehension, pp. 53\u201363","DOI":"10.1145\/2597008.2597148"},{"key":"10537_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen M, Wu R, Cheung S-C (2016) Locus: Locating bugs from software changes. In: 2016 31st IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE), pp. 262\u2013273. IEEE","DOI":"10.1145\/2970276.2970359"},{"key":"10537_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4625-2","author":"C Wohlin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wohlin C, Runeson P, H\u00f6st M, Ohlsson MC, Regnell B, Wessl\u00e9n A (2000) Experimentation in Software Engineering: An Introduction. Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-4625-2","journal-title":"Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA"},{"key":"10537_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong C-P, Xiong Y, Zhang H, Hao D, Zhang L, Mei H (2014) Boosting bug-report-oriented fault localization with segmentation and stack-trace analysis. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution, pp. 181\u2013190. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2014.40"},{"key":"10537_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu S (2012) Data Fusion in Information Retrieval. Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization, vol. 13. Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-28866-1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28866-1"},{"key":"10537_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2018.08.002","volume":"105","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiao Y, Keung J, Bennin KE, Mi Q (2019) Improving bug localization with word embedding and enhanced convolutional neural networks. Inf Softw Technol 105:17\u201329","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"10537_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao X, Xiao R, Li Q, Lv J, Cui S, Liu Q (2023) Bugradar: Bug localization by knowledge graph link prediction. Information and Software Technology, 107274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2023.107274"},{"key":"10537_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu G, Wang X, Wei D, Shao Y, Chen B (2023) Bug localization with features crossing and structured semantic information matching. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218194023500316"},{"key":"10537_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang S, Cao,J, Zeng H, Shen B, Zhong H (2021) Locating faulty methods with a mixed rnn and attention model. In: 2021 IEEE\/ACM 29th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC), pp. 207\u2013218. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC52881.2021.00028"},{"key":"10537_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye X, Bunescu R, Liu C (2014) Learning to rank relevant files for bug reports using domain knowledge. In: 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering, pp. 689\u2013699","DOI":"10.1145\/2635868.2635874"},{"key":"10537_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yong J, Zhu Z, Li Y (2023) Decomposing source codes by program slicing for bug localization. In: 2023 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 1\u20138. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN54540.2023.10191494"},{"key":"10537_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Youm KC, Ahn J, Kim J, Lee E (2015) Bug localization based on code change histories and bug reports. In: 2015 Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC), pp. 190\u2013197. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/APSEC.2015.23"},{"key":"10537_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang H (2009) An investigation of the relationships between lines of code and defects. In: 2009 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, pp. 274\u2013283. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2009.5306304"},{"key":"10537_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou J, Zhang H, Lo D (2012) Where should the bugs be fixed? more accurate information retrieval-based bug localization based on bug reports. In: 2012 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pp. 14\u201324 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2012.6227210"}],"container-title":["Empirical Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-024-10537-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10664-024-10537-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-024-10537-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T04:50:40Z","timestamp":1730868640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10664-024-10537-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-024-10537-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-3256","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7616","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"143"}}