{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T09:45:09Z","timestamp":1775900709888,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSERC Discovery Grant","award":["RGPIN-2025-04654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2025-04654"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Empir Software Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-026-10826-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T08:51:09Z","timestamp":1775897469000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On the synchronization between Hugging Face pre-trained language models and their upstream GitHub repository"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9212-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adekunle","family":"Ajibode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdul Ali","family":"Bangash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oussama Ben","family":"Sghaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bram","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed E.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10826_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-022-10282-8","volume":"28","author":"A Bhatia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhatia A, Eghan EE, Grichi M, Cavanagh WG, Jiang ZM, Adams B (2023) Towards a change taxonomy for machine learning pipelines: Empirical study of ml pipelines and forks related to academic publications. Empir Softw Eng 28(3):60","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10826_CR2","unstructured":"Talukder ABM, Senapathi M, Buchan J (2017) Coordination in distributed agile software development: a systematic review"},{"key":"10826_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hindle A, German DM, Holt R (2008) What do large commits tell us? a taxonomical study of large commits. In: Proceedings of the 2008 international working conference on Mining software repositories, pp 99\u2013108","DOI":"10.1145\/1370750.1370773"},{"issue":"3","key":"10826_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-025-10631-3","volume":"30","author":"A Ajibode","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ajibode A, Bangash AA, Cogo FR, Adams B, Hassan AE (2025) Towards semantic versioning of open pre-trained language model releases on hugging face. Empir Softw Eng 30(3):1\u201363","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10826_CR5","unstructured":"Ajibode A (2025) Synchronization patterns between github and hugging face. https:\/\/github.com\/SAILResearch\/replication-25-synchronization-Patterns. GitHub repository"},{"key":"10826_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ait A, Izquierdo JLC, Cabot J (2025) On the suitability of hugging face hub for empirical studies. Empir Softw Eng 30(2):1\u201348","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-024-10608-8"},{"key":"10826_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suali AJ, Fauzi SSM, Sobri WAWM, Nasir MHNM (2017) Developers\u2019 coordination issues and its impact on software quality: A systematic review. In: 2017 3rd International conference on science in information technology (ICSITech). IEEE, pp 659\u2013663","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSITech.2017.8257195"},{"issue":"11","key":"10826_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"AS Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh AS, Masuku MB (2014) Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in applied statistics research: An overview. Int J Econ Commerce Manag 2(11):1\u201322","journal-title":"Int J Econ Commerce Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"10826_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.08.001","volume":"18","author":"H Akoglu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akoglu H (2018) User\u2019s guide to correlation coefficients. Turkish J Emergency Med 18(3):91\u201393","journal-title":"Turkish J Emergency Med"},{"key":"10826_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krause-Glau A, Bader M, Hasselbring W (2022) Collaborative software visualization for program comprehension. In: 2022 Working conference on software visualization (VISSOFT). IEEE, pp 75\u201386","DOI":"10.1109\/VISSOFT55257.2022.00016"},{"key":"10826_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donald A, Galanopoulos A, Curry E, Mu\u00f1oz E, Ullah I, Waskow MA, Kalra M, Saxena S, Iqbal T (2025) A semantic approach for linked model, data, and dataspace cards. IEEE Access","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3572211"},{"key":"10826_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aubry P, Quaintenne G, Dupuy J, Francesiaz C, Guillemain M, Caizergues A (2023) On using stratified two-stage sampling for large-scale multispecies surveys. Eco Inform 77:102229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2023.102229"},{"key":"10826_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mockus A, Fielding RT, Herbsleb J (2000) A case study of open source software development: the apache server. In: Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Software engineering, pp 263\u2013272","DOI":"10.1145\/337180.337209"},{"key":"10826_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray B, Kim M, Person S, Rungta N (2013) Detecting and characterizing semantic inconsistencies in ported code. In 2013 28th IEEE\/ACM international conference on automated software engineering (ASE). IEEE, pp 367\u2013377","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2013.6693095"},{"key":"10826_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bick S, Spohrer K, Hoda R, Scheerer A, Heinzl A (2017) Coordination challenges in large-scale software development: a case study of planning misalignment in hybrid settings. IEEE Trans Software Eng 44(10):932\u2013950","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2017.2730870"},{"key":"10826_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bock T, Hunsen C, Joblin M, Apel S (2022) Synchronous development in open-source projects: A higher-level perspective. Autom Softw Eng 29(1):3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10515-021-00292-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"10826_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3605943","volume":"56","author":"B Min","year":"2023","unstructured":"Min B, Ross H, Sulem E, Ben Veyseh AP, Nguyen TH, Sainz O, Agirre E, Heintz I, Roth D (2023) Recent advances in natural language processing via large pre-trained language models: A survey. ACM Comput Surv 56(2):1\u201340","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"10826_CR18","unstructured":"Adrian B (2016) What is upstream\/downstream software? https:\/\/www.computerweekly.com\/blog\/Open-Source-Insider\/What-is-upstream-downstream-software. Accessed: 03 Apr 2025"},{"key":"10826_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chagnon E, Pandolfi R, Donatelli J, Ushizima D (2024) Benchmarking topic models on scientific articles using berteley. Nat Lang Process J 6:100044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlp.2023.100044"},{"key":"10826_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strode DE, Huff SL (2015) A coordination perspective on agile software development. In: Modern techniques for successful IT project management, pp 64\u201396. IGI Global Scientific Publishing","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-7473-8.ch004"},{"issue":"6","key":"10826_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.02.017","volume":"85","author":"DE Strode","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strode DE, Huff SL, Hope B, Link S (2012) Coordination in co-located agile software development projects. J Syst Softw 85(6):1222\u20131238","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"issue":"5","key":"10826_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2024.3366111","volume":"41","author":"EL Oreamuno","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oreamuno EL, Khan RF, Bangash AA, Stinson C, Adams B (2024) The state of documentation practices of third-party machine learning models and datasets. IEEE Softw 41(5):52\u201359","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"key":"10826_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09929-1","volume":"26","author":"A Foundjem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foundjem A, Adams B (2021) Release synchronization in software ecosystems: Empirical study on openstack. Empir Softw Eng 26:1\u201350","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10826_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2025.107708","volume":"182","author":"G Kanaparan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kanaparan G, Strode DE (2025) Investigating the relationship between coordination strategy and coordination effectiveness in agile software development projects. Inf Softw Technol 182:107708","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"10826_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2015.02.013","volume":"63","author":"R Giuffrida","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giuffrida R, Dittrich Y (2015) A conceptual framework to study the role of communication through social software for coordination in globally-distributed software teams. Inf Softw Technol 63:11\u201330","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"10826_CR26","unstructured":"Google (2024) Gemini api pricing. https:\/\/ai.google.dev\/pricing. Accessed on 9 Dec 2024"},{"key":"10826_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang H, Li J, Wu H, Hovy E, Sun Y (2022) Pre-trained language models and their applications. Engineering","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2022.04.024"},{"key":"10826_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu H, He H, Zhou M (2023) Self-admitted library migrations in java, javascript, and python packaging ecosystems: A comparative study. In: 2023 IEEE international conference on software analysis, evolution and reengineering (SANER). IEEE, pp 627\u2013638","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER56733.2023.00064"},{"issue":"8","key":"10826_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3695988","volume":"33","author":"X Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou X, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Yang Z, Wang K, Li L, Luo X, Lo D, Grundy J, Wang H (2024) Large language models for software engineering: A systematic literature review. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 33(8):1\u201379","journal-title":"ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol"},{"key":"10826_CR30","unstructured":"Mao HH (2020) A survey on self-supervised pre-training for sequential transfer learning in neural networks. arXiv:2007.00800"},{"key":"10826_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02365362","volume":"88","author":"GI Ivchenko","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ivchenko GI, Honov SA (1998) On the jaccard similarity test. J Math Sci 88:789\u2013794","journal-title":"J Math Sci"},{"key":"10826_CR32","unstructured":"Devlin J, Chang M-W, Lee K, Toutanova K (2018) Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv:1810.04805"},{"key":"10826_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbsleb JD, Mockus A, Finholt TA, Grinter RE (2001) An empirical study of global software development: distance and speed. In: Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on software engineering. ICSE 2001. IEEE, pp 81\u201390","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2001.919083"},{"issue":"1","key":"10826_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54894-0","volume":"14","author":"M Janke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Janke M, M\u00e4der P (2024) 7 dimensions of software change patterns. Sci Rep 14(1):6141","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10826_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"JR Wood","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wood JR, Wood LE (2008) Card sorting: current practices and beyond. J Usability Stud 4(1):1\u20136","journal-title":"J Usability Stud"},{"issue":"339","key":"10826_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1972.10481251","volume":"67","author":"JH Zar","year":"1972","unstructured":"Zar JH (1972) Significance testing of the spearman rank correlation coefficient. J Am Stat Assoc 67(339):578\u2013580","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10826_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-022-10173-y","volume":"27","author":"J Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin J, Zhang H, Adams B, Hassan AE (2022) Upstream bug management in linux distributions: An empirical study of debian and fedora practices. Empir Softw Eng 27(6):134","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"10826_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1o J, Caba\u00f1as R, Salmer\u00f3n A, Lo D, Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez S (2024a) How do machine learning models change? arXiv:2411.09645","DOI":"10.1145\/3767157"},{"key":"10826_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1o J, Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez S, Franch X, Bogner J (2024b) Analyzing the evolution and maintenance of ml models on hugging face. In: 2024 IEEE\/ACM 21st international conference on mining software repositories (MSR). IEEE, pp 607\u2013618","DOI":"10.1145\/3643991.3644898"},{"key":"10826_CR40","unstructured":"Loeliger J, McCullough M (2012) Version control with git: Powerful tools and techniques for collaborative software development. O\u2019Reilly Media, Inc."},{"key":"10826_CR41","unstructured":"El Emam K (1998) Benchmarking kappa for software process assessment reliability studies. Fraunhofer-IESE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10826_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.09.002","volume":"66","author":"K Cocks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cocks K, Torgerson DJ (2013) Sample size calculations for pilot randomized trials: a confidence interval approach. J Clin Epidemiol 66(2):197\u2013201","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10826_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dabbish L, Stuart C, Tsay J, Herbsleb J (2012) Social coding in github: transparency and collaboration in an open software repository. In: Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on computer supported cooperative work, pp 1277\u20131286","DOI":"10.1145\/2145204.2145396"},{"key":"10826_CR44","unstructured":"Lin S, Ma Y, Chen J (2013) Empirical evidence on developer\u2019s commit activity for open-source software projects. In Seke 13:455\u2013460"},{"key":"10826_CR45","unstructured":"Grootendorst M (2022) Bertopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based tf-idf procedure. arXiv:2203.05794"},{"key":"10826_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berntzen M, Stray V, Moe NB (2021) Coordination strategies: managing inter-team coordination challenges in large-scale agile. In: International conference on agile software development. Springer, pp 140\u2013156","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-78098-2_9"},{"issue":"2","key":"10826_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2013.018","volume":"23","author":"ML McHugh","year":"2013","unstructured":"McHugh ML (2013) The chi-square test of independence. Biochemia Medica 23(2):143\u2013149","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"key":"10826_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan M, Fu Y, Zhang X, Yang D, Xu L, Kymer JD (2016). Automatically classifying software changes via discriminative topic model: Supporting multi-category and cross-project. J Syst Softw 113:296\u2013308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.12.019"},{"key":"10826_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mockus, Votta (2000) Identifying reasons for software changes using historic databases. In Proceedings 2000 international conference on software maintenance. IEEE, pp 120\u2013130","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2000.883028"},{"key":"10826_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stulova N, Blasi A, Gorla A, Nierstrasz O (2020) Towards detecting inconsistent comments in java source code automatically. In: 2020 IEEE 20th international working conference on source code analysis and manipulation (SCAM), pp 65\u201369. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/SCAM51674.2020.00012"},{"key":"10826_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKight PE, Najab J (2010) Kruskal-wallis test. The corsini encyclopedia of psychology, pp 1\u20131","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470479216.corpsy0491"},{"key":"10826_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez J, D\u00edaz J, Garcia-Martin J, Tabuenca B (2020) Systematic literature reviews in software engineering-enhancement of the study selection process using cohen\u2019s kappa statistic. J Syst Softw 168:110657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.110657"},{"key":"10826_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manakul P, Liusie A, Gales MJF (2023) Selfcheckgpt: Zero-resource black-box hallucination detection for generative large language models. arXiv:2303.08896","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.557"},{"key":"10826_CR54","unstructured":"R OpenAI (2023) Gpt-4 technical report. arxiv:2303.08774. View in Article, 2:13"},{"issue":"3","key":"10826_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1145\/203330.203345","volume":"38","author":"RE Kraut","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kraut RE, Streeter LA (1995) Coordination in software development. Commun ACM 38(3):69\u201381","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"10826_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciraci S, S\u00f6zer H, Tekinerdogan B (2012) An approach for detecting inconsistencies between behavioral models of the software architecture and the code. In: 2012 IEEE 36th annual computer software and applications conference. IEEE, pp 257\u2013266","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2012.36"},{"key":"10826_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieira SM, Kaymak U, Sousa JMC (2010) Cohen\u2019s kappa coefficient as a performance measure for feature selection. In: International conference on fuzzy systems. IEEE, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2010.5584447"},{"key":"10826_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diamantopoulos T, Nastos D-N, Symeonidis A (2023) Semantically-enriched jira issue tracking data. In: 2023 IEEE\/ACM 20th International conference on mining software repositories (MSR). IEEE, pp 218\u2013222","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR59073.2023.00039"},{"key":"10826_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magelinski T, Ng L, Carley K (2022) A synchronized action framework for detection of coordination on social media. J Online Trust Safety 1(2)","DOI":"10.54501\/jots.v1i2.30"},{"issue":"1","key":"10826_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1145\/174666.174668","volume":"26","author":"TW Malone","year":"1994","unstructured":"Malone TW, Crowston K (1994) The interdisciplinary study of coordination. ACM Comput Surv (CSUR) 26(1):87\u2013119","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv (CSUR)"},{"key":"10826_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heri\u010dko T, \u0160umak B (2023) Commit classification into software maintenance activities: A systematic literature review. In: 2023 IEEE 47th annual computers, software, and applications conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, pp 1646\u20131651","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC57700.2023.00254"},{"key":"10826_CR62","unstructured":"Stalnaker T, Wintersgill N, Chaparro O, Heymann LA, Di Penta M, German DM, Poshyvanyk D (2025) The ml supply chain in the era of software 2.0: Lessons learned from hugging face. arXiv:2502.04484"},{"key":"10826_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stray V, Moe NB (2020) Understanding coordination in global software engineering: A mixed-methods study on the use of meetings and slack. J Syst Softw 170:110717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.110717"},{"issue":"5","key":"10826_CR64","first-page":"1","volume":"34","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang S, Zhao Y, Hou X, Wang H (2025) Large language model supply chain: A research agenda. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 34(5):1\u201346","journal-title":"ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol"},{"key":"10826_CR65","unstructured":"Zhao WX, Zhou K, Li J, Tang T, Wang X, Hou Y, Min Y, Zhang B, Zhang J, Dong Z et al (2023) A survey of large language models. arXiv:2303.18223"},{"key":"10826_CR66","unstructured":"Jiang W, Jones J, Yasmin J, Synovic N, Sashti R, Chen S, Thiruvathukal GK, Tian Y, Davis JC (2023a) Peatmoss: Mining pre-trained models in open-source software. arXiv:2310.03620"},{"key":"10826_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang W, Synovic N, Hyatt M, Schorlemmer TR, Sethi R, Lu Y-H, Thiruvathukal GK, Davis JC (2023b) An empirical study of pre-trained model reuse in the hugging face deep learning model registry. In: 2023 IEEE\/ACM 45th international conference on software engineering (ICSE). IEEE, pp 2463\u20132475","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE48619.2023.00206"},{"issue":"2","key":"10826_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/10629360600678310","volume":"77","author":"B Yazici","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yazici B, Yolacan S (2007) A comparison of various tests of normality. J Stat Comput Simul 77(2):175\u2013183","journal-title":"J Stat Comput Simul"},{"key":"10826_CR69","unstructured":"Li Y, Maedche A (2012) Formulating effective coordination strategies in agile global software development teams"},{"key":"10826_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian Y, Zhang Y, Stol K-J, Jiang L, Liu H (2022) What makes a good commit message? In: Proceedings of the 44th international conference on software engineering, pp 2389\u20132401","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510205"},{"key":"10826_CR71","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ott M, Goyal N, Du J, Joshi M, Chen D, Levy O, Lewis M, Zettlemoyer L, Stoyanov V (2019) Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach. arXiv:1907.11692"},{"issue":"4","key":"10826_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-024-10474-4","volume":"29","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Chen Y, Bangash AA, Adams B, Hassan AE (2024) An empirical study of challenges in machine learning asset management. Empir Softw Eng 29(4):98","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"}],"container-title":["Empirical Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-026-10826-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10664-026-10826-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10664-026-10826-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T08:51:18Z","timestamp":1775897478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10664-026-10826-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-026-10826-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-3256","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7616","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study does not involve human participants or animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"No human subjects were involved in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing interests or personal relationships that could have (appeared to) influenced the work reported in this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interests\/Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"117"}}