{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T12:54:50Z","timestamp":1776084890470,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002081","name":"Irish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["New Horizons"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["New Horizons"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ethics Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-016-9403-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T07:07:13Z","timestamp":1463555233000},"page":"299-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Robots, law and the retribution gap"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Danaher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"9403_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804595","volume-title":"Crime and culpability: A theory of criminal law","author":"L Alexander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alexander, L., & Ferzan, K. (2009). Crime and culpability: A theory of criminal law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9403_CR2","volume-title":"Robot ethics: The ethical and social implications of robotics","author":"P Asaro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Asaro, P. (2011). A body to kick and still no soul to damn: Legal perspectives on robotics. In P. Lin, K. Abney, & G. A. Bekey (Eds.), Robot ethics: The ethical and social implications of robotics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"9403_CR3","volume-title":"In gods we trust: The evolutionary landscape of religion","author":"S Atran","year":"2002","unstructured":"Atran, S. (2002). In gods we trust: The evolutionary landscape of religion. Oxford: OUP."},{"key":"9403_CR4","volume-title":"Why would anyone believe in God?","author":"J Barrett","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barrett, J. (2004). Why would anyone believe in God?. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press."},{"key":"9403_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511819254","volume-title":"The problem of punishment","author":"D Boonin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boonin, D. (2008). The problem of punishment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"9403_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-012-9281-3","volume":"22","author":"N Bostrom","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bostrom, N. (2012). The superintelligent will: Motivation and instrumental rationality in artificial agents. Minds and Machines, 22(2), 71\u201385.","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"key":"9403_CR7","volume-title":"Superintelligence: Paths, strategies and dangers","author":"N Bostrom","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, strategies and dangers. Oxford: OUP."},{"key":"9403_CR8","volume-title":"Religion explained","author":"P Boyer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boyer, P. (2002). Religion explained. London: Vintage."},{"key":"9403_CR9","first-page":"1531","volume":"77","author":"D Brahman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brahman, D., Kahan, D. M., & Hoffman, D. A. (2010). Some realism about punishment naturalism. University of Chicago Law Review, 77, 1531.","journal-title":"University of Chicago Law Review"},{"key":"9403_CR10","volume-title":"Human universals","author":"DO Brown","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brown, D. O. (1991). Human universals. New York: McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"9403_CR11","unstructured":"Bryant, C. (2015). Worker killed in Volkswagen robot accident. Financial Times July 1, 2015."},{"issue":"3","key":"9403_CR12","first-page":"513","volume":"103","author":"R Calo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Calo, R. (2015). Robotics and the lessons of cyberlaw. California Law Review, 103(3), 513\u2013563.","journal-title":"California Law Review"},{"key":"9403_CR13","volume-title":"Robot law","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calo, R., Kerr, I., & Froomkin, M. (Eds.). (2016). Robot law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing."},{"key":"9403_CR14","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology","author":"KM Carlsmith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carlsmith, K. M., & Darley, J. M. (2008). Psychological aspects of retributive justice. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. San Diego, CA: Elsevier."},{"key":"9403_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-014-9345-6","volume":"16","author":"P Chisan Hew","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chisan Hew, P. (2014). Artificial moral agents are infeasible with existing technologies. Ethics and Information Technology, 16, 197\u2013206.","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"9403_CR16","volume-title":"Answering for crime: Responsibility and liability in criminal law","author":"RA Duff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Duff, R. A. (2007). Answering for crime: Responsibility and liability in criminal law. Oxford: Hart Publishing."},{"key":"9403_CR17","volume-title":"The rise of the robots","author":"M Ford","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ford, M. (2015). The rise of the robots. London: Oneworld Publications."},{"key":"9403_CR18","volume-title":"The bounds of reason","author":"H Gintis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gintis, H. (2011). The bounds of reason. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"9403_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8975.001.0001","volume-title":"The machine question","author":"D Gunkel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gunkel, D. (2012). The machine question. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"9403_CR20","volume-title":"Punishment and responsibility","author":"HLA Hart","year":"1968","unstructured":"Hart, H. L. A. (1968). Punishment and responsibility. Oxford: Clarendon Press."},{"key":"9403_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-012-9301-2","volume":"15","author":"T Hellstrom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hellstrom, T. (2013). On the moral responsibility of military drones. Ethics and Information Technology, 15, 99\u2013107.","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"9403_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci1901&2_7","volume":"19","author":"P Hinds","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hinds, P., Roberts, T., & Jones, H. (2004). Whose job is it anyway? A study of human-robot interaction in a collaborative task. Human\u2013Computer Interaction, 19, 151\u2013181.","journal-title":"Human\u2013Computer Interaction"},{"key":"9403_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0146","volume":"365","author":"K Jensen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jensen, K. (2010). Punishment and spite: The dark side of cooperation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 365, 2635\u20132650.","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B"},{"key":"9403_CR24","volume-title":"Humans need not apply","author":"J Kaplan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaplan, J. (2015). Humans need not apply. New Haven: Yale University Press."},{"key":"9403_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiesler, S., & Goetz, J. (2002). Mental models of robotic assistants. In Conference proceedings of CHI 2002, extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems, pp. 576\u201377.","DOI":"10.1145\/506443.506491"},{"key":"9403_CR26","unstructured":"Kim, T., & Hinds, P. J. (2006). Who should i blame? Effects of autonomy and transparency on attributions in human-robot interaction. In Proceedings of RO-MAN\u201906. http:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/~phinds\/PDFs\/Kim-Hinds-ROMAN.pdf . Accessed 11 Nov, 15."},{"key":"9403_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2016.1154087","author":"R Kitchin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kitchin, R. (2016). Thinking critically about and researching algorithms. Information, Communication and Science,. doi: 10.1080\/1369118X.2016.1154087 .","journal-title":"Information, Communication and Science"},{"key":"9403_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199642182.001.0001","volume-title":"The ethics of capital punishment","author":"M Kramer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kramer, M. (2011). The ethics of capital punishment. Oxford: OUP."},{"key":"9403_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198704638.001.0001","volume-title":"Consciousness and moral responsibility","author":"N Levy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levy, N. (2014). Consciousness and moral responsibility. Oxford: OUP."},{"key":"9403_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199591565.001.0001","volume-title":"Group agency: The possibility, status and design of corporate agents","author":"C List","year":"2011","unstructured":"List, C., & Pettit, P. (2011). Group agency: The possibility, status and design of corporate agents. Oxford: OUP."},{"key":"9403_CR31","unstructured":"MacDorman, K. F. (2006). Subjective ratings of robot video clips for human likeness, familiarity, and eeriness: An exploration of the uncanny valley. In Proceedings of the ICCS\/CogSci-2006: Toward social mechanisms of android science."},{"issue":"3","key":"9403_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2008.12.026","volume":"25","author":"KF MacDorman","year":"2009","unstructured":"MacDorman, K. F., Green, R. D., Ho, C.-C., & Koch, C. T. (2009). Too real for comfort? Uncanny responses to computer generated faces. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(3), 695\u2013710.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"9403_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1075\/is.7.3.03mac","volume":"7","author":"KF MacDorman","year":"2006","unstructured":"MacDorman, K. F., & Ishiguro, H. (2006). The uncanny advantage of using androids in cognitive and social science research. Interaction Studies, 7(3), 297\u2013337.","journal-title":"Interaction Studies"},{"key":"9403_CR34","unstructured":"Marin, A. L., Jo, D., & Lee, S. (2013). Designing robotic avatars. Are user\u2019s impressions affected by avatar\u2019s age? In Proceedings of the 8th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction, HRI, March 3\u20136, 2013."},{"issue":"3","key":"9403_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-004-3422-1","volume":"6","author":"A Matthias","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matthias, A. (2004). The responsibility gap: Ascribing responsibility for the actions of learning automata. Ethics and Information Technology, 6(3), 175\u2013183.","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9403_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.5235\/175799611798204923","volume":"3","author":"A Matthias","year":"2011","unstructured":"Matthias, A. (2011). Algorithmic moral control of war robots: Philosophical questions. Law, Innovation and Technology, 3(2), 279\u2013301.","journal-title":"Law, Innovation and Technology"},{"key":"9403_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021223700016836","volume":"27","author":"M Moore","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moore, M. (1993). Justifying retributivism. Israel Law Review, 27, 15.","journal-title":"Israel Law Review"},{"key":"9403_CR38","volume-title":"Placing blame: A general theory of criminal law","author":"M Moore","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moore, M. (1997). Placing blame: A general theory of criminal law. Oxford: OUP."},{"key":"9403_CR39","volume-title":"Singularity hypotheses: A scientific and philosophical assessment","author":"L Muehlhauser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muehlhauser, L., & Helm, L. (2013). The singularity and machine ethics. In A. Eden, J. Moor, J. Soraker, & E. Steinhart (Eds.), Singularity hypotheses: A scientific and philosophical assessment. Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"9403_CR40","volume-title":"The better angels of our nature","author":"S Pinker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinker, S. (2011). The better angels of our nature. London: Penguin."},{"key":"9403_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2307\/762369","volume":"14","author":"AM Prevost","year":"1992","unstructured":"Prevost, A. M. (1992). Race and war crimes: The 1945 war-crimes trial of general Tomoyuki Yamashita. Human Rights Quarterly, 14, 303.","journal-title":"Human Rights Quarterly"},{"key":"9403_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s10677-015-9563-y","volume":"18","author":"D Purves","year":"2015","unstructured":"Purves, D., Jenkins, R., & Strawser, B. (2015). Autonomous machines, moral judgment, and acting for the right reasons. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 18, 851\u2013872.","journal-title":"Ethical Theory and Moral Practice"},{"key":"9403_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199917723.001.0001","volume-title":"Intuitions of justice and the utility of desert","author":"PH Robinson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robinson, P. H. (2013). Intuitions of justice and the utility of desert. Oxford: OUP."},{"key":"9403_CR44","first-page":"1829","volume":"91","author":"PH Robinson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Robinson, P. H., & Kurzban, R. (2007). Concordance and conflict in intuitions of justice. Minnesota Law Review, 91, 1829\u20131892.","journal-title":"Minnesota Law Review"},{"key":"9403_CR45","first-page":"1633","volume":"60","author":"PH Robinson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Robinson, P. H., Kurzban, R., & Jones, O. D. (2007). The origins of shared intuitions of justice. Vanderbilt Law Review, 60, 1633.","journal-title":"Vanderbilt Law Review"},{"key":"9403_CR46","unstructured":"Sainato, M. (2015). Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk and Bill Gates Warn about artificial intelligence. The Observer Aug 19, 2015."},{"key":"9403_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scherer, M. (2016). Regulating artificial intelligence systems: Risks, challenges, competencies and strategies. Harvard Journal of Law and Technology, 29(2). doi: 10.2139\/ssrn.2609777 .","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2609777"},{"key":"9403_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pq\/pqv075","author":"T Simpson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simpson, T., & Muller, V. (2016). Just wars and robots\u2019 killings. The Philosophical Quarterly,. doi: 10.1093\/pq\/pqv075 .","journal-title":"The Philosophical Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"9403_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5930.2007.00346.x","volume":"24","author":"R Sparrow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sparrow, R. (2007). Killer robots. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 24(1), 62.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Philosophy"},{"key":"9403_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-1878-4","volume-title":"Moral responsibility: Beyond free will and determinism","author":"N Vincent","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vincent, N. (2011). A structured taxonomy of responsibility concepts. In N. Vincent, I. van de Poel, & J. van den Hoven (Eds.), Moral responsibility: Beyond free will and determinism. Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"9403_CR51","unstructured":"Walker, A. (2016). Why self driving cars should never have steering wheels. Gizmodo Feb 24, 2016. http:\/\/gizmodo.com\/why-self-driving-cars-really-shouldnt-ever-have-steerin-1758292942 ."},{"key":"9403_CR52","unstructured":"Yamashita, In re. (1946). 321 US 1."},{"key":"9403_CR53","volume-title":"The immorality of punishment","author":"M Zimmerman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zimmerman, M. (2011). The immorality of punishment. Peterborough: Broadview Press."}],"container-title":["Ethics and Information Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-016-9403-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10676-016-9403-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-016-9403-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-016-9403-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]],"date-time":"2019-09-07T16:15:33Z","timestamp":1567872933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10676-016-9403-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-016-9403-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-1957","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]]}}}