{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T05:31:06Z","timestamp":1776922266491,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ethics Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-019-09511-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T11:02:51Z","timestamp":1568113371000},"page":"15-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The interpersonal is political: unfriending to promote civic discourse on social media"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1306-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Elder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"9511_CR1","unstructured":"Aristotle. (1999). Nicomachean ethics (2nd ed.) (T. Irwin, Trans.). Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company. \nhttps:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=-Mf5XV8q6CgC&dq\n\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"9511_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00173473","volume":"24","author":"S Axinn","year":"1990","unstructured":"Axinn, S. (1990). Moral style. The Journal of Value Inquiry,24(2), 123\u2013133.","journal-title":"The Journal of Value Inquiry"},{"issue":"37","key":"9511_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9216","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1804840115","volume":"115","author":"CA Bail","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bail, C. A., Argyle, L. P., Brown, T. W., Bumpus, J. P., Haohan Chen, M. B., Hunzaker, F., et al. (2018). Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization. Proceedings of the National academy of Sciences of the United States of America,115(37), 9216\u20139221. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1804840115\n\n.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"9511_CR4","unstructured":"Bialik, K. (2018). 14% of Americans have changed their mind about an issue because of something they saw on social media. Pew Research Center. \nhttp:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/15\/14-of-americans-have-changed-their-mind-about-an-issue-because-of-something-they-saw-on-social-media\/\n\n."},{"key":"9511_CR5","volume-title":"It\u2019s complicated: The social lives of networked teens","author":"D Boyd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boyd, D. (2014). It\u2019s complicated: The social lives of networked teens. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"9511_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-015-9380-y","volume":"17","author":"E Bozdag","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bozdag, E., & van den Hoven, J. (2015). Breaking the filter bubble: Democracy and design. Ethics and Information Technology,17(4), 249\u2013265. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-015-9380-y\n\n.","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9511_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-008-9160-z","volume":"10","author":"A Briggle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Briggle, A. (2008). Real friends: How the Internet can foster friendship. Ethics and Information Technology,10(1), 71\u201379. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-008-9160-z\n\n.","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"9511_CR8","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Digital anthropology","author":"S Broadbent","year":"2012","unstructured":"Broadbent, S. (2012). Approaches to personal communication. In H. Horst & D. Miller (Eds.), Digital anthropology (pp. 127\u2013145). New York: Berg."},{"key":"9511_CR9","unstructured":"Chang, M. (2017, January 5). Is 2017 the year we all quit social media? Harper\u2019s BAZAAR. \nhttps:\/\/www.harpersbazaar.com.au\/culture\/how-to-quit-social-media-6235\n\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"9511_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1086\/233824","volume":"108","author":"D Cocking","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cocking, D., & Kennett, J. (1998). Friendship and the self. Ethics,108(3), 502\u2013527. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/233824\n\n.","journal-title":"Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"9511_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011414704851","volume":"2","author":"D Cocking","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cocking, D., & Matthews, S. (2000). Unreal friends. Ethics and Information Technology,2(4), 223\u2013231. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1011414704851\n\n.","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"9511_CR12","unstructured":"Duggan, M., & Smith, A. (2016, October 25). 2. The tone of social media discussions around politics. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech (blog). \nhttp:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2016\/10\/25\/the-tone-of-social-media-discussions-around-politics\/\n\n."},{"issue":"4","key":"9511_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-014-9354-5","volume":"16","author":"A Elder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elder, A. (2014). Excellent online friendships: An Aristotelian defense of social media. Ethics and Information Technology,16(4), 287\u2013297. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-014-9354-5\n\n.","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"9511_CR14","unstructured":"Elder, A. M. (2018). Friendship, robots, and social media: False friends and second selves (1st ed.). Routledge research in applied ethics 9. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group."},{"key":"9511_CR15","unstructured":"Fierberg, E. (2018, January 10). I quit social media for a month\u2014and it was the best choice i\u2019ve ever made. Business Insider. \nhttps:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/i-quit-social-media-for-one-month-it-changed-my-life-facebook-instagram-snapchat-twitter-millennial-2018-1\n\n."},{"issue":"S1","key":"9511_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfw006","volume":"80","author":"S Flaxman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Flaxman, S., Goel, S., & Rao, J. M. (2016). Filter bubbles, echo chambers, and online news consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly,80(S1), 298\u2013320. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/poq\/nfw006\n\n.","journal-title":"Public Opinion Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"9511_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12315","volume":"67","author":"R Fletcher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fletcher, R., & Nielsen, R. K. (2017). Are news audiences increasingly fragmented? A cross-national comparative analysis of cross-platform news audience fragmentation and duplication. Journal of Communication,67(4), 476\u2013498. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcom.12315\n\n.","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"3","key":"9511_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-011-9284-4","volume":"14","author":"B Fr\u00f6ding","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6ding, B., & Peterson, M. (2012). Why virtual friendship is no genuine friendship. Ethics and Information Technology,14(3), 201\u2013207. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-011-9284-4\n\n.","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9511_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jarmac.2017.09.011","volume":"6","author":"R Kelly Garrett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garrett, R. Kelly. (2017). The \u2018echo chamber\u2019 distraction: Disinformation campaigns are the problem, not audience fragmentation. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition,6(4), 370\u2013376. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jarmac.2017.09.011\n\n.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"9511_CR20","unstructured":"Hampton, K., Rainie, L., Lu, W., Dwyer, M., Shin, I., & Purcell, K. (2014, August 26). Social media and the \u2018spiral of silence.\u2019 Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech (blog). \nhttp:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2014\/08\/26\/social-media-and-the-spiral-of-silence\/\n\n."},{"key":"9511_CR21","unstructured":"Kendall, M. (2018, August 21). So hey can we talk again about being visible online as a woman in media and ways you can insulate yourself from things like this? Because a lot of folks are awful & unfortunately many platforms fail to be worth a damn so you have to find solutions for yourself. \nhttps:\/\/Twitter.Com\/Nytimesarts\/Status\/1031884222661844993\n\n\u2026. Tweet. @Karnythia (blog). \nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/Karnythia\/status\/1031917070517248000\n\n."},{"key":"9511_CR22","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Postphenomenological investigations: Essays on human\/technology relations","author":"AH Kiran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kiran, A. H. (2015). Four dimensions of technological mediation. In R. Rosenberger & P.-P. Verbeek (Eds.), Postphenomenological investigations: Essays on human\/technology relations (pp. 123\u2013140). Lanham: Lexington Books."},{"key":"9511_CR23","unstructured":"Midgley, M. (2013, November 28). The golden age of female philosophy|@guardianletters. The Guardian, sec. World news. \nhttps:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/nov\/28\/golden-age-female-philosophy-mary-midgley\n\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"9511_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x","volume":"24","author":"E Noelle-Neumann","year":"1974","unstructured":"Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence a theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication,24(2), 43\u201351. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x\n\n.","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"2","key":"9511_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11109-010-9112-2","volume":"32","author":"B Nyhan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2010). When corrections fail: The persistence of political misperceptions. Political Behavior,32(2), 303\u2013330. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11109-010-9112-2\n\n.","journal-title":"Political Behavior"},{"key":"9511_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv8xnhtd","volume-title":"#Republic: Divided democracy in the age of social media","author":"CR Sunstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sunstein, C. R. (2018). #Republic: Divided democracy in the age of social media. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"9511_CR27","volume-title":"Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other","author":"S Turkle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Turkle, S. (2011). Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. New York: Basic Books."},{"key":"9511_CR28","volume-title":"Reclaiming conversation: The power of talk in a digital age","author":"S Turkle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turkle, S. (2015). Reclaiming conversation: The power of talk in a digital age. New York: Penguin Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"9511_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-009-9202-1","volume":"12","author":"S Vallor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vallor, S. (2010). Social networking technology and the virtues. Ethics and Information Technology,12(2), 157\u2013170. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-009-9202-1\n\n.","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"9511_CR30","unstructured":"Vallor, S. 2012. New social media and the virtues. In P. Brey, A. Briggle, & E. Spence (Eds.), The good life in a technological age (p. 376). Routledge studies in science, technology and society. New York: Routledge."},{"key":"9511_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780190498511.001.0001","volume-title":"Technology and the virtues: A philosophical guide to a future worth wanting","author":"S Vallor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vallor, S. (2016). Technology and the virtues: A philosophical guide to a future worth wanting. New York: Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"6380","key":"9511_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap9559","volume":"359","author":"S Vosoughi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., & Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science,359(6380), 1146\u20131151. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aap9559\n\n.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9511_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139165860","volume-title":"Moral luck: Philosophical papers 1973\u20131980","author":"B Williams","year":"1981","unstructured":"Williams, B. (1981). Persons, character, and morality. In J. Rachels (Ed.), Moral luck: Philosophical papers 1973\u20131980 (pp. 1\u201319). Cambridge Paperback Library. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9511_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11109-018-9443-y","author":"T Wood","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wood, T., & Porter, E. (2018). The elusive backfire effect: Mass attitudes\u2019 steadfast factual adherence. Political Behavior. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11109-018-9443-y\n\n.","journal-title":"Political Behavior"}],"container-title":["Ethics and Information Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-019-09511-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10676-019-09511-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-019-09511-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T09:36:55Z","timestamp":1599730615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10676-019-09511-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-019-09511-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-1957","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}