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However, while the need for fairness in ADM is widely acknowledged, the very concept of fairness has not been sufficiently explored so far. Our paper aims to fill this gap and claims that an ethically informed re-definition of fairness is needed to adequately investigate fairness in ADM. To achieve our goal, after an introductory section aimed at clarifying the aim and structure of the paper, in section \u201cFairness in algorithmic decision-making\u201d we provide an overview of the state of the art of the discussion on fairness in ADM and show its shortcomings; in section \u201cFairness as an ethical value\u201d, we pursue an ethical inquiry into the concept of fairness, drawing insights from accounts of fairness developed in moral philosophy, and define fairness as an ethical value. In particular, we argue that fairness is articulated in a distributive and socio-relational dimension; it comprises three main components: <jats:italic>fair equality of opportunity<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>equal right to justification<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>fair equality of relationship<\/jats:italic>; these components are grounded in the need to respect persons both <jats:italic>as persons<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>as particular individuals<\/jats:italic>. In section \u201cFairness in algorithmic decision-making revised\u201d, we analyze the implications of our redefinition of fairness as an ethical value on the discussion of fairness in ADM and show that each component of fairness has profound effects on the criteria that ADM ought to meet. Finally, in section \u201cConcluding remarks\u201d, we sketch some broader implications and conclude.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-022-09622-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T15:02:58Z","timestamp":1643641378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Weapons of moral construction? 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The potential impact of the work is expected both on the theoretical side of the research in Ethics of AI, as an enrichment of the debate on the moral value of fairness in ADM\u2014drawing insights from accounts of fairness developed in moral philosophy\u2014and on the side of application, as the ethical inquiry into fairness could provide insights for the design of novel techniques that go beyond bias detection and reduction to operationalize and implement fairness in ADM.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical challenges and potential impact"}}],"article-number":"3"}}