{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:26:10Z","timestamp":1780061170141,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ethics Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-022-09627-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T15:02:58Z","timestamp":1643641378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Deny, dismiss and downplay: developers\u2019 attitudes towards risk and their role in risk creation in the field of healthcare-AI"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2670-480X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaul A.","family":"Duke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"9627_CR1","volume-title":"Artificial intelligence in healthcare","author":"Academy of Medical Royal Colleges","year":"2019","unstructured":"Academy of Medical Royal Colleges. (2019). Artificial intelligence in healthcare. Academy of Medical Royal Colleges."},{"key":"9627_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w16082","volume-title":"Skills, tasks and technologies Implications for employment and earnings (Working Paper No. 16082)","author":"D Acemoglu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Acemoglu, D., & Autor, D. (2010). Skills, tasks and technologies Implications for employment and earnings (Working Paper No. 16082). National Bureau of Economic Research."},{"key":"9627_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7702","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7702","volume":"7","author":"AS Ahuja","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahuja, A. S. (2019). The impact of artificial intelligence in medicine on the future role of the physician. PeerJ, 7, e7702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.7702","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"9627_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/0263276404050460","volume":"21","author":"PN Anderson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anderson, P. N. (2004). What rights are eclipsed when risk is defined by corporatism?: Governance and GM food. Theory, Culture & Society, 21(6), 155\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0263276404050460","journal-title":"Theory, Culture & Society"},{"key":"9627_CR5","volume-title":"Risk society: Towards a new modernity","author":"U Beck","year":"1992","unstructured":"Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity. Sage Publications."},{"issue":"6","key":"9627_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12737","volume":"37","author":"TP Bostick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bostick, T. P., Holzer, T. H., & Sarkani, S. (2017). Enabling stakeholder involvement in coastal disaster resilience planning. Risk Analysis, 37(6), 1181\u20131200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/risa.12737","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"issue":"4","key":"9627_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1177\/016224398901400404","volume":"14","author":"JA Bradbury","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bradbury, J. A. (1989). The policy implications of differing concepts of risk. Science, Technology & Human Values, 14(4), 380\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/016224398901400404","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Values"},{"key":"9627_CR8","volume-title":"Acting in an uncertain world: An essay on technical democracy","author":"M Callon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Callon, M., Lascoumes, P., & Barthe, Y. (2009). Acting in an uncertain world: An essay on technical democracy. MIT Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"9627_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/14616700701848162","volume":"9","author":"A Carvalho","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carvalho, A. (2008). Media(ted) discourse and society. Journalism Studies, 9(2), 161\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14616700701848162","journal-title":"Journalism Studies"},{"key":"9627_CR10","volume-title":"State of healthcare report: Investment & sector trends to watch","author":"CB Information Services","year":"2021","unstructured":"CB Information Services. (2021). State of healthcare report: Investment & sector trends to watch. CB Information Services."},{"issue":"3","key":"9627_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2018-008370","volume":"28","author":"R Challen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Challen, R., Denny, J., Pitt, M., Gompels, L., Edwards, T., & Tsaneva-Atanasova, K. (2019). Artificial intelligence, bias and clinical safety. BMJ Quality & Safety, 28(3), 231\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2018-008370","journal-title":"BMJ Quality & Safety"},{"issue":"4","key":"9627_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2018.07.001","volume":"26","author":"AL Chetlen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chetlen, A. L., Chan, T. L., Ballard, D. H., Frigini, L. A., Hildebrand, A., Kim, S., et al. (2019). Addressing burnout in radiologists. Academic Radiology, 26(4), 526\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2018.07.001","journal-title":"Academic Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9627_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018171820","volume":"288","author":"G Choy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choy, G., Khalilzadeh, O., Michalski, M., Do, S., Samir, A. E., Pianykh, O. S., et al. (2018). Current applications and future impact of machine learning in radiology. Radiology, 288(2), 318\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2018171820","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"9627_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2014-003484","volume":"24","author":"EW Coiera","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coiera, E. W. (2015). Technology, cognition and error. BMJ Quality & Safety, 24(7), 417\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2014-003484","journal-title":"BMJ Quality & Safety"},{"key":"9627_CR15","volume-title":"Artificial intelligence: Healthcare\u2019s new nervous system","author":"M Collier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Collier, M., Fu, R., Yin, L., & Christiansen, P. (2017). Artificial intelligence: Healthcare\u2019s new nervous system. Accenture Health."},{"key":"9627_CR16","volume-title":"The AI now report: The social and economic implications of artificial intelligence technologies in the near-term","author":"K Crawford","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crawford, K., & Whittaker, M. (2016). The AI now report: The social and economic implications of artificial intelligence technologies in the near-term. AI Now Institute."},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180119000847","volume":"29","author":"S Dalton-Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dalton-Brown, S. (2020). The ethics of medical AI and the physician-patient relationship. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 29(1), 115\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0963180119000847","journal-title":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9627_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1080\/03080188.2020.1840223","volume":"46","author":"S Datta Burton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Datta Burton, S., Mahfoud, T., Aicardi, C., & Rose, N. (2021). Clinical translation of computational brain models: Understanding the salience of trust in clinician-researcher relationships. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 46(1\u20132), 138\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03080188.2020.1840223","journal-title":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"9627_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243910366149","volume":"36","author":"F Drake","year":"2011","unstructured":"Drake, F. (2011). Protesting mobile phone masts: Risk, neoliberalism, and governmentality. Science, Technology & Human Values, 36(4), 522\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0162243910366149","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Values"},{"issue":"6","key":"9627_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312707076602","volume":"37","author":"R Evans","year":"2007","unstructured":"Evans, R., & Plows, A. (2007). Listening without prejudice? Re-discovering the value of the disinterested citizen. Social Studies of Science, 37(6), 827\u2013853.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"9627_CR21","first-page":"452","volume":"7","author":"N Fairclough","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fairclough, N. (2012). Critical discourse analysis. International Advances in Engineering and Technology, 7, 452\u2013487.","journal-title":"International Advances in Engineering and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR22","first-page":"47","volume":"1","author":"A Feenberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Feenberg, A. (2005). Critical theory of technology: An overview. Tailoring Biotechnologies, 1(1), 47\u201364.","journal-title":"Tailoring Biotechnologies"},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/37.898787","volume":"21","author":"R Frazzini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Frazzini, R. (2001). Technology impact: Some thoughts on deskilling and design responsibility. IEEE Control Systems, 21(1), 8\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/37.898787","journal-title":"IEEE Control Systems"},{"key":"9627_CR24","volume-title":"The four: The hidden DNA of Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google","author":"S Galloway","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galloway, S. (2017). The four: The hidden DNA of Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google. Penguin Books."},{"key":"9627_CR25","unstructured":"Gillen, M. W. (2008).\u00a0Degradation of Piloting Skills\u00a0(MS dissertation). University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND"},{"issue":"4","key":"9627_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2018.10.007","volume":"26","author":"B Gong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gong, B., Nugent, J. P., Guest, W., Parker, W., Chang, P. J., Khosa, F., & Nicolaou, S. (2019). Influence of artificial intelligence on Canadian medical students\u2019 preference for radiology specialty: A National survey study. Academic Radiology, 26(4), 566\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2018.10.007","journal-title":"Academic Radiology"},{"key":"9627_CR27","unstructured":"Gray, A. 2017. These charts will change how you see the rise of artificial intelligence.\u00a0World Economic Forum. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2017\/12\/charts-artificial-intelligence-ai-index\/"},{"key":"9627_CR28","unstructured":"Hall, C. (2021). Forecast: Health care in 2021 will focus on \u2019digitization of the patient experience\u2019.\u00a0Crunchbase News 5"},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243902238498","volume":"28","author":"PW Hamlett","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hamlett, P. W. (2003). Technology theory and deliberative democracy. Science, Technology & Human Values, 28(1), 112\u2013140.","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Values"},{"issue":"4","key":"9627_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2015.11.003","volume":"13","author":"JA Harolds","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harolds, J. A., Parikh, J. R., Bluth, E. I., Dutton, S. C., & Recht, M. (2016). Burnout of radiologists: Frequency, risk factors, and remedies: A report of the ACR commission on human resources. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 13(4), 411\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2015.11.003","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Radiology"},{"key":"9627_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-020-04640-z","author":"WD Holford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holford, W. D. (2020). An ethical inquiry of the effect of cockpit automation on the responsibilities of airline pilots: Dissonance or meaningful control? Journal of Business Ethics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10551-020-04640-z","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9627_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816663927","volume":"20","author":"LB Hurwitz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hurwitz, L. B., Alvarez, A. L., Lauricella, A. R., Rousse, T. H., Montague, H., & Wartella, E. (2018). Content analysis across new media platforms: Methodological considerations for capturing media-rich data. New Media & Society, 20(2), 532\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444816663927","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/a036852","volume":"10","author":"A Irwin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Irwin, A. (2001). Constructing the scientific citizen: Science and democracy in the biosciences. Public Understanding of Science, 10(1), 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/a036852","journal-title":"Public Understanding of Science"},{"key":"9627_CR34","volume-title":"Science, social theory & public knowledge","author":"A Irwin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Irwin, A., & Michael, M. (2003). Science, social theory & public knowledge. Open University Press."},{"key":"9627_CR35","volume-title":"Israel\u2019s life sciences industry IATI report 2018","author":"Israel Advanced Technology Industries","year":"2018","unstructured":"Israel Advanced Technology Industries. (2018). Israel\u2019s life sciences industry IATI report 2018. Israel Advanced Technology Industries."},{"key":"9627_CR36","volume-title":"Government has approved the national plan for digital health as a national growth engine","author":"Israel\u2019s Prime Minister\u2019s Office","year":"2018","unstructured":"Israel\u2019s Prime Minister\u2019s Office. (2018). Government has approved the national plan for digital health as a national growth engine. Israel\u2019s Prime Minister\u2019s Office."},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(97)00129-4","volume":"59","author":"S Jasanoff","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jasanoff, S. (1998). The political science of risk perception. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 59(1), 91\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0951-8320(97)00129-4","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety"},{"issue":"3","key":"9627_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/0950543022000005087","volume":"11","author":"S Jasanoff","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jasanoff, S. (2002). Citizens at risk: Cultures of modernity in the US and EU. Science as Culture, 11(3), 363\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0950543022000005087","journal-title":"Science as Culture"},{"issue":"3","key":"9627_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025557512320","volume":"41","author":"S Jasanoff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jasanoff, S. (2003). Technologies of humility: Citizen participation in governing science. Minerva, 41(3), 223\u2013244.","journal-title":"Minerva"},{"issue":"3","key":"9627_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-010-9233-7","volume":"13","author":"F Kraemer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kraemer, F., van Overveld, K., & Peterson, M. (2011). Is there an ethics of algorithms? Ethics and Information Technology, 13(3), 251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-010-9233-7","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9627_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122413481351","volume":"78","author":"T Kristal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kristal, T. (2013). The capitalist machine: Computerization, workers\u2019 power, and the decline in labor\u2019s share within US industries. American Sociological Review, 78(3), 361\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003122413481351","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243904270710","volume":"30","author":"M Lahsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lahsen, M. (2005). Technocracy, democracy, and US climate politics: The need for demarcations. Science, Technology & Human Values, 30(1), 137\u2013169.","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Values"},{"issue":"10","key":"9627_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42889","volume":"175","author":"H Langen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Langen, H., Bielmeier, J., Wittenberg, G., Selbach, R., & Feustel, H. (2003). Workflow improvement and efficiency gain with near total digitalization of a radiology department. R\u00f6fo, 175(10), 1309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2003-42889","journal-title":"R\u00f6fo"},{"issue":"2","key":"9627_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1086\/421123","volume":"30","author":"B Latour","year":"2004","unstructured":"Latour, B. (2004). Why has critique run out of steam? From matters of fact to matters of concern. Critical Inquiry, 30(2), 225\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/421123","journal-title":"Critical Inquiry"},{"key":"9627_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.03.019","volume":"102","author":"C Liew","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liew, C. (2018). The future of radiology augmented with artificial intelligence: A strategy for success. European Journal of Radiology, 102, 152\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.03.019","journal-title":"European Journal of Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/irap\/lci133","volume":"6","author":"J Macnamara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Macnamara, J. (2005). Media content analysis: Its uses, benefits and best practice methodology. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, 6(1), 1\u201334.","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal"},{"key":"9627_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2019-009484","author":"C Macrae","year":"2019","unstructured":"Macrae, C. (2019). Governing the safety of artificial intelligence in healthcare. BMJ Quality & Safety. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2019-009484","journal-title":"BMJ Quality & Safety"},{"issue":"5","key":"9627_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312706077367","volume":"37","author":"N Marres","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marres, N. (2007). The issues deserve more credit: Pragmatist contributions to the study of public involvement in controversy. Social Studies of Science, 37(5), 759\u2013780.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"9627_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17169\/fqs-1.2.1089","author":"P Mayring","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitative content analysis. Forum: Qualitative Social Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17169\/fqs-1.2.1089","journal-title":"Forum: Qualitative Social Research"},{"key":"9627_CR50","volume-title":"To save everything, click here: The folly of technological solutionism","author":"E Morozov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morozov, E. (2013). To save everything, click here: The folly of technological solutionism. PublicAffairs."},{"issue":"8","key":"9627_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2017.12.027","volume":"25","author":"T Nawrocki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nawrocki, T., Maldjian, P. D., Slasky, S. E., & Contractor, S. G. (2018). Artificial intelligence and radiology: Have rumors of the radiologist\u2019s demise been greatly exaggerated? Academic Radiology, 25(8), 967\u2013972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2017.12.027","journal-title":"Academic Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9627_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-007-9006-y","volume":"20","author":"A Nitrosi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nitrosi, A., Borasi, G., Nicoli, F., Modigliani, G., Botti, A., Bertolini, M., & Notari, P. (2007). A filmless radiology department in a full digital regional hospital: Quantitative evaluation of the increased quality and efficiency. Journal of Digital Imaging, 20(2), 140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10278-007-9006-y","journal-title":"Journal of Digital Imaging"},{"issue":"6464","key":"9627_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax2342","volume":"366","author":"Z Obermeyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Obermeyer, Z., Powers, B., Vogeli, C., & Mullainathan, S. (2019). Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations. Science, 366(6464), 447\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aax2342","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"9627_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/016224399802300204","volume":"23","author":"RM Perhac","year":"1998","unstructured":"Perhac, R. M. (1998). Comparative risk assessment: Where does the public fit in? Science, Technology & Human Values, 23(2), 221\u2013241.","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Values"},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-018-0061-6","volume":"2","author":"F Pesapane","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pesapane, F., Codari, M., & Sardanelli, F. (2018). Artificial intelligence in medical imaging: Threat or opportunity? Radiologists again at the forefront of innovation in medicine. European Radiology Experimental, 2(1), 35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41747-018-0061-6","journal-title":"European Radiology Experimental"},{"key":"9627_CR56","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Work in the digital age: Challenges of the fourth industrial revolution","author":"G Petropoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petropoulos, G. (2018). The impact of artificial intelligence on employment. In M. Neufeind, J. O\u2019Reilly, & F. Ranft (Eds.), Work in the digital age: Challenges of the fourth industrial revolution (pp. 119\u2013132). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers."},{"issue":"11","key":"9627_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2017.07.007","volume":"14","author":"M Recht","year":"2017","unstructured":"Recht, M., & Bryan, R. N. (2017). Artificial intelligence: Threat or boon to radiologists? Journal of the American College of Radiology, 14(11), 1476\u20131480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2017.07.007","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9627_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205395172094254","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951720942541","volume":"7","author":"A Ress\u00e9guier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ress\u00e9guier, A., & Rodrigues, R. (2020). AI ethics should not remain toothless! A call to bring back the teeth of ethics. Big Data & Society, 7(2), 2053951720942541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053951720942541","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"key":"9627_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j4683","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4683","volume":"359","author":"A Rimmer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rimmer, A. (2017). Radiologist shortage leaves patient care at risk, warns royal college. BMJ, 359, j4683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.j4683","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9627_CR60","volume-title":"Israel\u2019s digital health industry in 2018","author":"L Rogovin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rogovin, L. (2018). Israel\u2019s digital health industry in 2018. Start-Up Nation Central."},{"key":"9627_CR61","volume-title":"The AI index 2018 annual report","author":"Y Shoham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shoham, Y., Perrault, R., Brynjolfsson, E., Clark, J., Manyika, J., Niebles, J. C., et al. (2018). The AI index 2018 annual report. Human-Centered AI Initiative."},{"key":"9627_CR62","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Critical content analysis of children\u2019s and young adult literature: Reframing perspective","author":"KG Short","year":"2017","unstructured":"Short, K. G. (2017). Critical content analysis as a research methodology. In H. Johnson, J. Mathis, & K. G. Short (Eds.), Critical content analysis of children\u2019s and young adult literature: Reframing perspective (pp. 1\u201315). Routledge."},{"key":"9627_CR63","unstructured":"Singer, D. (2018). The Israeli AI healthcare startup landscape of 2018.\u00a0StartupHub.ai. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.startuphub.ai\/israeli-ai-healthcare-startups-2018\/. Accessed 29 May 2019."},{"issue":"S15","key":"9627_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1086\/688869","volume":"58","author":"RL Stein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stein, R. L. (2017). Gopro occupation: Networked cameras, Israeli military rule, and the digital promise. Current Anthropology, 58(S15), S56\u2013S64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/688869","journal-title":"Current Anthropology"},{"issue":"10","key":"9627_CR65","first-page":"2005","volume":"37","author":"N Stenekes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stenekes, N., Colebatch, H. K., Waite, T. D., & Ashbolt, N. J. (2017). An empirical agent-based model to simulate the adoption of water reuse using the social amplification of risk framework. Science, Technology & Human Values, 37(10), 2005\u20132022.","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Values"},{"issue":"2","key":"9627_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243907311265","volume":"33","author":"A Stirling","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stirling, A. (2008). \u201cOpening up\u201d and \u201cclosing down\u201d: Power, participation, and pluralism in the social appraisal of technology. Science, Technology & Human Values, 33(2), 262\u2013294.","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Values"},{"key":"9627_CR67","volume-title":"Move fast and break things: How Facebook, Google, and Amazon cornered culture and undermined democracy","author":"JT Taplin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taplin, J. T. (2017). Move fast and break things: How Facebook, Google, and Amazon cornered culture and undermined democracy. Hachette Book Group."},{"key":"9627_CR68","unstructured":"The European Commission Proposal for a Regulation COM(2021) 206; 2021\/0106 of the European Parliament and of the Council Laying Down Harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence act) and amending certain union legislative acts"},{"key":"9627_CR69","unstructured":"The European Commission Regulation 2016\/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95\/46\/EC"},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0300-7","volume":"25","author":"EJ Topol","year":"2019","unstructured":"Topol, E. J. (2019). High-performance medicine: The convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine, 25(1), 44\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0300-7","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"9627_CR71","volume-title":"Preparing for the future of artificial intelligence","author":"U.S. Executive Office of the President","year":"2016","unstructured":"U.S. Executive Office of the President. (2016). Preparing for the future of artificial intelligence. U.S. Executive Office of the President."},{"key":"9627_CR72","volume-title":"Proposed regulatory framework for modifications to artificial intelligence\/machine learning (AI\/ML)-based software as a medical device (SaMD)\u2014Discussion paper and request for feedback","author":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration","year":"2019","unstructured":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2019). Proposed regulatory framework for modifications to artificial intelligence\/machine learning (AI\/ML)-based software as a medical device (SaMD)\u2014Discussion paper and request for feedback. U.S. Food & Drug Administration."},{"key":"9627_CR73","volume-title":"Artificial intelligence\/machine learning (AI\/ML)-based software as a medical device (SaMD) action plan","author":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration","year":"2021","unstructured":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2021). Artificial intelligence\/machine learning (AI\/ML)-based software as a medical device (SaMD) action plan. U.S. Food & Drug Administration."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9627_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/03080188.2020.1840220","volume":"46","author":"I Ulnicane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ulnicane, I., Eke, D. O., Knight, W., Ogoh, G., & Stahl, B. C. (2021). Good governance as a response to discontents? D\u00e9j\u00e0 vu, or lessons for AI from other emerging technologies. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 46(1\u20132), 71\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03080188.2020.1840220","journal-title":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews"},{"key":"9627_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-anthro-092412-155506","volume":"42","author":"G Urban","year":"2013","unstructured":"Urban, G., & Koh, K.-N. (2013). Ethnographic research on modern business corporations. Annual Review of Anthropology, 42, 139\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-anthro-092412-155506","journal-title":"Annual Review of Anthropology"},{"key":"9627_CR76","first-page":"352","volume-title":"The handbook of discourse analysis","author":"TA Van Dijk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Dijk, T. A. (2001). Critical discourse analysis. In D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen, & H. E. Hamilton (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 352\u2013371). Wiley."},{"key":"9627_CR77","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Contemporary issues in the empirical study of crime","author":"A Verhage","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verhage, A. (2009). Corporations as a blind spot in research: Explanations for a criminological tunnel vision. In M. Cools (Ed.), Contemporary issues in the empirical study of crime (pp. 79\u2013108). Maklu."},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931213601043","volume":"60","author":"K Volz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Volz, K., Yang, E., Dudley, R., Lynch, E., Dropps, M., & Dorneich, M. C. (2016). An evaluation of cognitive skill degradation in information automation. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 60(1), 191\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1541931213601043","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting"},{"key":"9627_CR79","unstructured":"Walach, E., & Cannavo, M. J. 2019. Integrating AI into the radiology workflow: Do\u2019s and Dont\u2019s.\u00a0Aidoc YouTube Channel. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pStiOeNZHR4&feature=emb_title. Accessed 22 Mar 2020."},{"key":"9627_CR80","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Critical discourse analysis: Theory and interdisciplinarity","author":"G Weiss","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weiss, G., & Wodak, R. (2003). Introduction: Theory, interdisciplinarity and critical discourse analysis. In G. Weiss & R. Wodak (Eds.), Critical discourse analysis: Theory and interdisciplinarity (pp. 1\u201332). Palgrave Macmillan."},{"issue":"3","key":"9627_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2018-008551","volume":"28","author":"K-H Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu, K.-H., & Kohane, I. S. (2019). Framing the challenges of artificial intelligence in medicine. BMJ Quality & Safety, 28(3), 238\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2018-008551","journal-title":"BMJ Quality & Safety"},{"issue":"1","key":"9627_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/016224399502000105","volume":"20","author":"AD Zimmerman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zimmerman, A. D. (1995). Toward a more democratic ethic of technological governance. Science, Technology & Human Values, 20(1), 86\u2013107.","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Values"}],"container-title":["Ethics and Information Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-022-09627-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10676-022-09627-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-022-09627-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T19:16:33Z","timestamp":1647976593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10676-022-09627-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-022-09627-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-1957","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not known conflicts.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"1"}}