{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T07:08:01Z","timestamp":1771571281337,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"wellcome trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["213619\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["213619\/Z\/18\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"wellcome trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ethics Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper explores ethical debates associated with the UK COVID-19 contact tracing app that occurred in the public news media and broader public policy, and in doing so, takes ethics debate as an object for sociological study. The research question was: how did UK national newspaper news articles and grey literature frame the ethical issues about the app, and how did stakeholders associated with the development and\/or governance of the app reflect on this? We examined the predominance of different ethical issues in news articles and grey literature, and triangulated this using stakeholder interview data. Findings illustrate how news articles exceptionalised ethical debate around the app compared to the way they portrayed ethical issues relating to \u2018manual\u2019 contact tracing. They also narrowed the debate around specific privacy concerns. This was reflected in the grey literature, and interviewees perceived this to have emerged from a \u2018privacy lobby\u2019. We discuss the findings, and argue that this limited public ethics narrative masked broader ethical issues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-022-09628-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T15:02:58Z","timestamp":1643641378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Framing ethical issues associated with the UK COVID-19 contact tracing app: exceptionalising and narrowing the public ethics debate"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8111-2730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Samuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Lucivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"9628_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19359","DOI":"10.2196\/19359","volume":"8","author":"J Abeler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abeler, J., B\u00e4cker, M., Buermeyer, U., & Zillessen, H. (2020). COVID-19 contact tracing and data protection can go together. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(4), e19359\u2013e19359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/19359","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"key":"9628_CR2","unstructured":"AdaLovelace Institute. (2020a). COVID-19 report: No green lights, no red lines. https:\/\/www.adalovelaceinstitute.org\/our-work\/covid-19\/covid-19-report-no-green-lights-no-red-lines\/"},{"key":"9628_CR3","unstructured":"AdaLovelace Institute. (2020b). Exit through the App Store? https:\/\/www.adalovelaceinstitute.org\/exit-through-the-app-store-how-the-uk-government-should-use-technology-to-transition-from-the-covid-19-global-public-health-crisis\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"9628_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0246252","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246524","volume":"16","author":"J Amann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amann, J., Sleigh, J., & Vayena, E. (2021). Digital contact-tracing during the Covid-19 pandemic: An analysis of newspaper coverage in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. PLoS ONE, 16(2), e0246252.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9628_CR5","unstructured":"Anderson, R. (2020). Contact tracing in the real world. Light blue touchpaper. https:\/\/www.lightbluetouchpaper.org\/2020\/04\/12\/contact-tracing-in-the-real-world\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"9628_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e342","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30133-3","volume":"2","author":"Y Bengio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bengio, Y., Janda, R., Yu, Y. W., Ippolito, D., Jarvie, M., Pilat, D., Struck, B., Krastev, S., & Sharma, A. (2020). The need for privacy with public digital contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(7), e342\u2013e344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30133-3","journal-title":"The Lancet Digital Health"},{"key":"9628_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7855.001.0001","volume-title":"The privacy advocates: Resisting the spread of surveillance","author":"C Bennett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bennett, C. (2008). The privacy advocates: Resisting the spread of surveillance. MIT Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"9628_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/rego.12222","volume":"14","author":"CJ Bennett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bennett, C. J., & Raab, C. D. (2020). Revisiting the governance of privacy: Contemporary policy instruments in global perspective. Regulation &amp; Governance, 14(3), 447\u2013464.","journal-title":"Regulation & Governance"},{"key":"9628_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.11.034","volume":"196","author":"B Brisbois","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brisbois, B., & Plamondon, K. (2018). The possible worlds of global health research: An ethics-focused discourse analysis. Social Science &amp; Medicine, 196, 142\u2013149.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"9628_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2014-102374","volume":"41","author":"P Carter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carter, P., Laurie, G. T., & Dixon-Woods, M. (2015). The social licence for research: Why care.data ran into trouble. Journal of Medical Ethics, 41(5), 404\u2013409.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"9628_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230589803","volume-title":"Imagination and principles: An essay on the role of imagination in moral reasoning","author":"M Coeckelbergh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coeckelbergh, M. (2007). Imagination and principles: An essay on the role of imagination in moral reasoning. Palgrave Macmillan."},{"issue":"S1","key":"9628_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.13010","volume":"42","author":"A Cribb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cribb, A. (2020). Managing ethical uncertainty: Implicit normativity and the sociology of ethics. Sociology of Health &amp; Illness, 42(S1), 21\u201334.","journal-title":"Sociology of Health & Illness"},{"issue":"1","key":"9628_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-019-0399-1","volume":"20","author":"A Dawson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dawson, A., Lignou, S., Siriwardhana, C., et al. (2019). Why research ethics should add retrospective review. BMC Medical Ethics, 20(1), 68\u201368.","journal-title":"BMC Medical Ethics"},{"key":"9628_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452243283","volume-title":"Agenda-setting","author":"J Dearing","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dearing, J., & Rogers, E. (1996). Agenda-setting. Springer."},{"key":"9628_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.05.011","volume":"183","author":"D De Coninck","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Coninck, D., d\u2019Haenens, L., & Matthijs, K. (2020). Forgotten key players in public health: News media as agents of information and persuasion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health, 183, 65\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.05.011","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"9628_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-7476-9.ch012","author":"M Edwards","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edwards, M., Webb, D., Chappell, S., et al. (2015). Voicing possibilities: A performative approach to the theory and practice of ethics in a globalised world. Ethics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-4666-7476-9.ch012","journal-title":"Ethics"},{"key":"9628_CR17","volume-title":"Handbook of research ethics and scientific integrity","author":"N Emmerich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Emmerich, N. (2020). A Professional Ethics for Researchers? In R. Iphofen (Ed.), Handbook of research ethics and scientific integrity. Springer."},{"issue":"3","key":"9628_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/03605310600732834","volume":"31","author":"JH Evans","year":"2006","unstructured":"Evans, J. H. (2006). Between technocracy and democratic legitimation: A proposed compromise position for common morality public bioethics. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 31(3), 213\u2013234.","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy"},{"key":"9628_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasser, U., Ienca, M., Scheibner, J., Sleigh, J., & Vayena, E. (2020) Digital tools against COVID-19: Taxonomy, ethical challenges, and navigation aid. The Lancet Digital Health. https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/landig\/article\/PIIS2589-7500(20)30137-0\/fulltext#articleInformation","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30137-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"9628_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8519.00273","volume":"16","author":"E Haimes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Haimes, E. (2002). What can the social sciences contribute to the study of ethics? Theoretical empirical and substantive considerations. Bioethics, 16(2), 89\u2013113.","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"9628_CR21","unstructured":"Hasselbalch, G. & Tranberg, P. (2020). Contact Tracing Apps are Not Just a Privacy Tech Issue. It\u2019s a Question about Power. https:\/\/dataethics.eu\/contact-tracing-apps-are-not-just-a-privacy-tech-issue-its-a-question-of-power\/."},{"key":"9628_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.17231\/comsoc.25(2014).1878","volume":"25","author":"M-A Hazaparu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hazaparu, M.-A. (2014). Setting the agenda in advertising: Understanding ethical dilemmas from a communicative perspective. Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e Sociedade, 25, 328\u2013343.","journal-title":"Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e Sociedade"},{"issue":"2","key":"9628_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312709349781","volume":"40","author":"A Hedgecoe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hedgecoe, A. (2010). Bioethics and the reinforcement of socio-technical expectations. Social Studies of Science, 40(2), 163\u2013186.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"9628_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2018.1482663","volume":"28","author":"L Henderson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Henderson, L., & Hilton, S. (2018). The media and public health: Where next for critical analysis? Critical Public Health, 28(4), 373\u2013376.","journal-title":"Critical Public Health"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9628_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1163\/18758185-01602006","volume":"16","author":"J Hoover","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoover, J. (2019). Performative rights and situationist ethics. Contemporary Pragmatism, 16(2\u20133), 242\u2013267.","journal-title":"Contemporary Pragmatism"},{"key":"9628_CR26","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Sun, M. & Sui, Y. (2020). How digital contact tracing slowed covid-19 in East Asia. Harvard Business Review. https:\/\/hbr.org\/2020\/04\/how-digital-contact-tracing-slowed-covid-19-in-east-asia"},{"key":"9628_CR27","volume-title":"Handbook of public policy analysis: Theory, politics, and methods","author":"W Jann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jann, W., & Wegrich, K. (2006). Theories of the policy cycle. In F. Fischer & G. J. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of public policy analysis: Theory, politics, and methods. Routladge."},{"issue":"9","key":"9628_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0088-2","volume":"1","author":"A Jobin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(9), 389\u2013399.","journal-title":"Nature Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"9628_CR29","volume-title":"Digital contact tracing for pandemic response: ethics and governance guidance","author":"Kahn J and Johns Hopkins Project on Ethics and Governance of Digital Contact Tracing Technologies","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kahn J and Johns Hopkins Project on Ethics and Governance of Digital Contact Tracing Technologies. (2020). Digital contact tracing for pandemic response: ethics and governance guidance. Johns Hopkins University Press."},{"issue":"12","key":"9628_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e658","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30241-7","volume":"2","author":"M Kendall","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kendall, M., Milsom, L., Abeler-D\u00f6rner, L., et al. (2020). Epidemiological changes on the Isle of Wight after the launch of the NHS test and trace programme: A preliminary analysis. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(12), e658\u2013e666.","journal-title":"The Lancet Digital Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"9628_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205395172091593","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951720915939","volume":"7","author":"A Kerr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kerr, A., Barry, M., & Kelleher, J. D. (2020). Expectations of artificial intelligence and the performativity of ethics: Implications for communication governance. Big Data &amp; Society, 7(1), 2053951720915939.","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"key":"9628_CR32","unstructured":"Laurie, G., Stevens, L., Jones, K. H., & Dobbs, C. (2014). A review of evidence relating to harm resulting from uses of health and biomedical data. https:\/\/www.nuffieldbioethics.org\/assets\/pdfs\/A-Review-of-Evidence-Relating-to-Harms-Resulting-from-Uses-of-Health-and-Biomedical-Data-FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"9628_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-020-10016-9","author":"F Lucivero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lucivero, F., Hallowell, N., Johnson, S., Prainsack, B., Samuel, G., & Sharon, T. (2020). COVID-19 and contact tracing apps: Ethical challenges for a social experiment on a global scale. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11673-020-10016-9","journal-title":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry"},{"key":"9628_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446279984","volume-title":"The circuit of mass communication: Media strategies, representation and audience reception in the AIDS crisis","author":"D Miller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miller, D., Kitzinger, J., Williams, K., & Beharrell, P. (1998). The circuit of mass communication: Media strategies, representation and audience reception in the AIDS crisis. SAGE."},{"issue":"3","key":"9628_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/19460171.2018.1429937","volume":"13","author":"HT Miller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miller, H. T. (2019). Narrative subscription in public policy discourse. Critical Policy Studies, 13(3), 241\u2013260.","journal-title":"Critical Policy Studies"},{"key":"9628_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-01578-0","volume":"1","author":"J Morley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morley, J., Cowls, J., Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2020). Ethical guidelines for COVID-19 tracing apps. Nature, 1, 29\u201331.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9628_CR37","unstructured":"NHSX app Ethics Advisory Board. (2020). Key principles for an ethical and effective CV19 contact tracing app. Principles for an ethical and effective CV19 contact tracing app. https:\/\/nhsbsa-socialtracking.powerappsportals.com\/EAB%20Letter%20to%20NHSx.pdf"},{"issue":"7","key":"9628_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2020-106314","volume":"46","author":"MJ Parker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parker, M. J., Fraser, C., Abeler-Dorner, L., & Bonsall, D. (2020). Ethics of instantaneous contact tracing using mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Medical Ethics, 46(7), 427\u2013431.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"9628_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/09581590500523178","volume":"15","author":"A Petersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Petersen, A. (2005). Biobanks: Challenges for \u2018ethics.\u2019 Critical Public Health, 15(4), 303\u2013310.","journal-title":"Critical Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"9628_CR40","first-page":"53","volume":"7","author":"P Pillay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pillay, P. (2014). The public sociology of ethics, corruption and public administration: A South African case study. African Journal of Public Affairs, 7(2), 53\u201366.","journal-title":"African Journal of Public Affairs"},{"issue":"4","key":"9628_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553-017-0179-1","volume":"7","author":"J Powles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Powles, J., & Hodson, H. (2017). Google DeepMind and healthcare in an age of algorithms. Health and Technology, 7(4), 351\u2013367.","journal-title":"Health and Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9628_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/01442872.2020.1723519","volume":"41","author":"B Prainsack","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prainsack, B. (2020). The political economy of digital data: Introduction to the special issue. Policy Studies, 41(5), 439\u2013446.","journal-title":"Policy Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"9628_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1017\/err.2019.6","volume":"10","author":"SL Roberts","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roberts, S. L. (2019). Big data, algorithmic governmentality and the regulation of pandemic risk. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 10(1), 94\u2013115.","journal-title":"European Journal of Risk Regulation"},{"key":"9628_CR44","unstructured":"Ruohonen, J. (2019). David and Goliath:Privacy Lobbying inthe European Union. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1906.01883."},{"key":"9628_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15562646211002744","author":"G Samuel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samuel, G., Chubb, J., & Derrick, G. (2021). Boundaries between research ethics and ethical research use in artificial intelligence health research. Journal of Empirical Research for Human Participant Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15562646211002744","journal-title":"Journal of Empirical Research for Human Participant Research"},{"key":"9628_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJHG-04-2021-0042","author":"G Samuel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samuel, G., & Lucivero, F. (2021). Bringing ethics into governance: The case of the UK COVID-19 contact tracing app. International Journal of Health Governance. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJHG-04-2021-0042","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Governance"},{"key":"9628_CR47","unstructured":"Samuel, G., Lucivero, F., Johnson, S., & Diedericks, H. (forthcoming). Ecologies of public trust: The NHS COVID-19 contact tracing app. Public Health Ethics."},{"key":"9628_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2021.1909707","author":"G Samuel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samuel, G., Roberts, S. L., Fiske, A., Lucivero, F., McLennan, S., Phillips, A., Hayes, S., & Johnson, S. B. (2021). COVID-19 contact tracing apps: UK public perceptions. Critical Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09581596.2021.1909707","journal-title":"Critical Public Health"},{"key":"9628_CR49","unstructured":"Samuel, G. & Simms, R. (forthcoming). The UK COVID-19 contact tracing app as both an emerging technology and public health intervention: The need to consider promissory discourses. Health."},{"issue":"5","key":"9628_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/10999922.2019.1600351","volume":"21","author":"EL Santis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santis, E. L., & Zavattaro, S. M. (2019). Performative ethics in the trump era: A postmodern examination. Public Integrity, 21(5), 503\u2013511.","journal-title":"Public Integrity"},{"key":"9628_CR51","volume-title":"Health and media","author":"C Seale","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seale, C. (2003). Health and media. Sage Publications."},{"key":"9628_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-020-09547-x","author":"T Sharon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharon, T. (2020). Blind-sided by privacy? Digital contact tracing, the Apple\/Google API and big tech\u2019s newfound role as global health policy makers. Ethics and Information Technology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-020-09547-x","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"9628_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.2072","author":"R Steinbrook","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steinbrook, R. (2020). Contact tracing, testing, and control of COVID-19: Learning From Taiwan. JAMA Internal Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.2072","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"9628_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-015-9661-6","volume":"19","author":"S Sterckx","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterckx, S., Rakic, V., Cockbain, J., & Borry, P. (2016). \u201cYou hoped we would sleep walk into accepting the collection of our data\u201d: Controversies surrounding the UK care.data scheme and their wider relevance for biomedical research. Medicine Health Care and Philosophy, 19(2), 177\u2013190.","journal-title":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy"},{"key":"9628_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511557842","volume-title":"Qualitative analysis for social scientists","author":"AL Strauss","year":"1987","unstructured":"Strauss, A. L. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9628_CR56","first-page":"955","volume":"47","author":"J Urwitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Urwitz, J., & Jaffer, J. (2020). Modern privacy advocacy: An approach at war with privacy itself? Pepperdine Law Review, 47, 955\u2013964.","journal-title":"Pepperdine Law Review"},{"key":"9628_CR57","volume-title":"Key concepts in medical sociology","author":"C Williams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Williams, C., & Wainwright, A. (2013). Bioethics. In L. Monaghan & J. Gabe (Eds.), Key concepts in medical sociology. SAGE."},{"key":"9628_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26530\/OAPEN_502670","volume-title":"The Making of British Bioethics","author":"D Wilson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wilson, D. (2014). The Making of British Bioethics. Manchester University Press."},{"key":"9628_CR59","unstructured":"Wright, S. (2020). Contact tracing apps for COVID-19. https:\/\/post.parliament.uk\/analysis\/contact-tracing-apps-for-covid-19\/"},{"key":"9628_CR60","volume-title":"The age of surveillence capitalism","author":"S Zuboff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillence capitalism. Profile Books Ltd."}],"container-title":["Ethics and Information Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-022-09628-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10676-022-09628-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-022-09628-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T09:09:00Z","timestamp":1674637740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10676-022-09628-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-022-09628-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-1957","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"King\u2019s College London: MRA-19\/20-19251.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"5"}}