{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T22:49:54Z","timestamp":1772491794040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004418","name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Vrije Universiteit Brussel"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Vrije Universiteit Brussel"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ethics Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scholars, policymakers and organizations in the EU, especially at the level of the European Commission, have turned their attention to the ethics of (trustworthy and human-centric) Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, there has been little reflexivity on (1) the history of the ethics of AI as an institutionalized phenomenon and (2) the comparison to similar episodes of \u201cethification\u201d in other fields, to highlight common (unresolved) challenges.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Contrary to some mainstream narratives, which stress how the increasing attention to ethical aspects of AI is due to the fast pace and increasing risks of technological developments, Science and Technology Studies(STS)-informed perspectives highlight that the rise of institutionalized assessment methods indicates a need for governments to gain more control of scientific research and to bring EU institutions closer to the public on controversies related to emerging technologies.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article analyzes how different approaches of the recent past (i.e. bioethics, technology assessment (TA) and ethical, legal and social (ELS) research, Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI)) followed one another, often \u201cin the name of ethics\u201d, to address previous criticisms and\/or to legitimate certain scientific and technological research programs. The focus is on how a brief history of the institutionalization of these approaches can provide insights into present challenges to the ethics of AI related to methodological issues, mobilization of expertise and public participation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-023-09702-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T06:02:26Z","timestamp":1682316146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anything new under the sun? Insights from a history of institutionalized AI ethics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6708-9175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Casiraghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"9702_CR1","unstructured":"Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2019). Principles of Biomedical Ethics (8th ed.). Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2005.011775","volume":"32","author":"D Benatar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benatar, D. (2006). Bioethics and health and human rights: A critical view. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32(1), 17\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.2005.011775.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"9702_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bietti, E. (2020). From Ethics Washing to Ethics Bashing. Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT* \u201920), 210\u2013219.","DOI":"10.1145\/3351095.3372860"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9702_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/s0040-1625(97)81491-6","volume":"54","author":"B Bimber","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bimber, B., & Guston, D. H. (1997). Introduction: The end of OTA and the future of technology assessment. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 54(2\u20133), 125\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0040-1625(97)81491-6.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"9702_CR5","unstructured":"Breyer, H. (1992). Committee on Energy, Research and Technology: Draft response to Bangemann report [CEC 1991]"},{"issue":"2","key":"9702_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312708101048","volume":"39","author":"A Briggle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Briggle, A. (2009). The kass council and the politicization of ethics advice. Social Studies of Science, 39(2), 309\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0306312708101048.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"9702_CR7","unstructured":"Buell, L. (2001). What we talk about when we talk about Ethics. In M. Garber, B. Hanssen, & R. L. Walkowitz (Eds.), The turn to Ethics (pp. 1\u201314). Routledge."},{"key":"9702_CR8","unstructured":"Busby, H., Hervey, T., & Mohr, A. (2008). Ethical EU law? The influence of the European group on ethics in science and new technologies. European Law Review, 2005, 803\u2013842."},{"issue":"3","key":"9702_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2307\/3561820","volume":"12","author":"D Callahan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Callahan, D. (1982). At the Center. The Hastings Center Report, 12(3), 4.","journal-title":"The Hastings Center Report"},{"key":"9702_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Callon, M. (1986). Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of Saint-Brieuc Bay. In J. Law (Ed.), Power, action and belief: a new sociology of knowledge? (pp.\u00a0196\u2013223). Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22394\/0869-5377-2017-2-49-90","DOI":"10.22394\/0869-5377-2017-2-49-90"},{"key":"9702_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Casiraghi, S., Burgess, J. P., & Lid\u00e9n, K. (2021). Social acceptance and border control technologies. In J. P. Burgess, & D. Kloza (Eds.), Border Control and New Technologies (pp. 99\u2013115). Academic & Scientific Publishers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46944\/9789461171375.6.","DOI":"10.46944\/9789461171375.6"},{"key":"9702_CR12","unstructured":"Chadwick, R., Gacesa, P., Brown, J., & Hedgecoe, A. (1998). Sequencing the Human Genome: Scientific progress, Economic, ethical and social aspects. European Parliament, Scientific and Technological Options Assessment."},{"key":"9702_CR13","unstructured":"Chadwick, R., Hedgecoe, A., Isaksen, L., & Sarch, L. (1999). Ethical issues in Research and Technology. Final study. European Parliament, Scientific and Technological Options Assessment."},{"key":"9702_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2020.105520","volume":"40","author":"S Delacroix","year":"2021","unstructured":"Delacroix, S., & Wagner, B. (2021). Constructing a mutually supportive interface between ethics and regulation. Computer Law and Security Review, 40, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clsr.2020.105520.","journal-title":"Computer Law and Security Review"},{"key":"9702_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eckenwiler, L. A., & Cohn, F. G. (Eds.). (2007). The Ethics of Bioethics. Mapping the Moral Landscape. The John Hopkins University Press.","DOI":"10.1353\/book.3321"},{"key":"9702_CR16","unstructured":"European Commission (1991). Promoting the competitive environment for the industrial activities based on biotechnology within the community."},{"key":"9702_CR17","unstructured":"European Commission (2018a). Artificial Intelligence for Europe. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=COM%3A2018%3A237%3AFIN"},{"key":"9702_CR18","unstructured":"European Commission (2018b). Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/news\/coordinated-plan-artificial-intelligence"},{"key":"9702_CR19","unstructured":"European Commission (2020). Ethics of Connected and Automated Vehicles. Recommendations on road safety, privacy, fairness, explainability and responsibility. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2777\/035239"},{"key":"9702_CR20","unstructured":"European Data Protection Supervisor Ethics Advisory Group (2018). Towards a digital ethics. https:\/\/edps.europa.eu\/sites\/edp\/files\/publication\/18-01-25_eag_report_en.pdf"},{"key":"9702_CR21","unstructured":"European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (2018). Statement on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and \u201cAutonomous\u201d Systems. https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/en\/publication-detail\/-\/publication\/dfebe62e-4ce9-11e8-be1d-01aa75ed71a1\/language-en\/format-PDF"},{"key":"9702_CR22","unstructured":"European Parliament (1997). European Parliament resolution on the mandate of the group of advisers on the ethical implications of biotechnology to the European Commission."},{"key":"9702_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans, J. H. (2012). The history and future of Bioethics. A sociological view. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199860852.001.0001"},{"key":"9702_CR24","unstructured":"Faden, R. R., & Beauchamp, T. L. (1986). A history and thoery of informed consent. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"9702_CR26","unstructured":"Felt, U., Wynne, B., Gon\u00e7alves, M. E., Jasanoff, S., Callon, M., Jepsen, M., Joly, P. B., Konopasek, Z., May, S., Neubauer, C., Rip, A., Siune, K., Stirling, A., & Tallacchini, M. (2007). Taking European knowledge society seriously. Publications Office of the European Union. https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/en\/publication-detail\/-\/publication\/5d0e77c7-2948-4ef5-aec7-bd18efe3c442"},{"issue":"4","key":"9702_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243915626989","volume":"41","author":"U Felt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Felt, U., Igelsb\u00f6ck, J., Schikowitz, A., & V\u00f6lker, T. (2016). Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research in Practice: Between imaginaries of collective Experimentation and Entrenched Academic Value orders. Science Technology and Human Values, 41(4), 732\u2013761.","journal-title":"Science Technology and Human Values"},{"issue":"4","key":"9702_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-018-9482-5","volume":"28","author":"L Floridi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., Luetge, C., Madelin, R., Pagallo, U., Rossi, F., Schafer, B., Valcke, P., & Vayena, E. (2018). AI4People\u2014An ethical Framework for a good AI society: Opportunities, Risks, Principles, and recommendations. Minds and Machines, 28(4), 689\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-018-9482-5.","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"key":"9702_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Flynn, R. (2007). Risk and the public acceptance of new technologies. Risk and the Public Acceptance of New Technologies, 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/9780230591288.","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230591288"},{"key":"9702_CR29","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda del Blanco, I. (2020). Report with recommendations to the Commission on a framework of ethical aspects of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies (2020\/2012(INL))."},{"key":"9702_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greene, D., Hoffmann, A. L., & Stark, L. (2019). Better, Nicer, Clearer, Fairer: A Critical Assessment of the Movement for Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2122\u20132131.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2019.258"},{"key":"9702_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-51667-1.50044-6","volume":"9","author":"A Grunwald","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grunwald, A. (2009). Technology Assessment: Concepts and methods. Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences, 9, 1103\u20131146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-51667-1.50044-6.","journal-title":"Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"9702_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/scipol\/scz023","volume":"46","author":"A Grunwald","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grunwald, A. (2019). The inherently democratic nature of technology assessment. Science and Public Policy, 46(5), 702\u2013709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scipol\/scz023.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-020-09517-8","volume":"30","author":"T Hagendorff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hagendorff, T. (2020). The Ethics of AI Ethics: An evaluation of Guidelines. Minds and Machines, 30(1), 99\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-020-09517-8.","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"issue":"2","key":"9702_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312709349781","volume":"40","author":"A Hedgecoe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hedgecoe, A. (2010). Bioethics and the reinforcement of Socio-Technical Expectations. Social Studies of Science, 40(2), 163\u2013186.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"9702_CR35","unstructured":"High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (2018). Draft Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. Working Document for stakeholders\u2019 consultation."},{"key":"9702_CR36","unstructured":"High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (2019a). Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/futurium\/en\/ai-alliance-consultation"},{"key":"9702_CR37","unstructured":"High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (2019b). Policy and Investment Recommendations for Trustworthy AI."},{"key":"9702_CR38","unstructured":"High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (2020). The Assessment List for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence. https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2759\/002360"},{"key":"9702_CR39","unstructured":"Hilgartner, S., Prainsack, B., & Hurlbut, J. B. (2017). Ethics as Governance in Genomics and Beyond. In U. Felt, R. Fouch\u00e9, C. A. Miller, & L. Smith-Doerr (Eds.), The handbook of Science and Technology Studies (pp. 823\u2013851). MIT Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1017\/S1745855205050143","volume":"1","author":"M Huijer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huijer, M. (2015). Between Dreams and reality: The Dutch Approach to Genomics and Society. Biosocieties, 1(1), 91\u201395.","journal-title":"Biosocieties"},{"issue":"4","key":"9702_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhw014","volume":"41","author":"AS Iltis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iltis, A. S., & Sheehan, M. (2016). Expertise, ethics expertise, and clinical ethics consultation: Achieving terminological clarity. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 41(4), 416\u2013433.","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR42","first-page":"2","volume":"24","author":"F Jahr","year":"1927","unstructured":"Jahr, F. (1927). Bio-Ethik: Eine Umschau \u00fcber die ethischen Beziehungen des Menschen zu Tier und Pflanze. Kosmos: Handweiser F\u00fcr Naturfreunde, 24(1), 2\u20134.","journal-title":"Kosmos: Handweiser F\u00fcr Naturfreunde"},{"key":"9702_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jasanoff, S. (2005). Designs on Nature. Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States. Princeton University Press.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400837311"},{"key":"9702_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jasanoff, S. (Ed.). (2011). Reframing rights. Bioconstitutionalism in the genetic age. The MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262015950.001.0001"},{"key":"9702_CR45","unstructured":"Jecker, N. S., Jonsen, A. R., & Pearlman, R. A. (1997). Bioethics. An introduction to the history, methods and practice. Jones and Bartlett Publishers."},{"key":"9702_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0088-2","volume":"1","author":"A Jobin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). Artificial Intelligence: The global landscape of ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1, 389\u2013399.","journal-title":"Nature Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"9702_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonsen, A. R. (1998). The birth of Bioethics. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195103250.001.0001"},{"issue":"2","key":"9702_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-791x(95)00007-e","volume":"17","author":"GC Kunkle","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kunkle, G. C. (1995). New challenge or the past revisited? The Office of Technology Assessment in historical context. Technology in Society, 17(2), 175\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0160-791x(95)00007-e.","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007394812312","volume":"14","author":"L Levidow","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levidow, L., & Carr, S. (1997). How biotechnology regulation sets a risk\/ethics boundary. Agriculture and Human Values, 14(1), 29\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1007394812312.","journal-title":"Agriculture and Human Values"},{"key":"9702_CR50","unstructured":"McNeill, P. M. (1993). The Ethics and Politics of Human Experimentation. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9702_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metz, J. (2015). The European Commission, Expert Groups, and the policy process. Demistifying technocratic governance. Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137437235"},{"key":"9702_CR52","unstructured":"Metzinger, T. (2019). Ethics Washing Made in Europe. Der Tegesspiegel."},{"issue":"11","key":"9702_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0114-4","volume":"1","author":"B Mittelstadt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mittelstadt, B. (2019). Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AI. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(11), 501\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-019-0114-4.","journal-title":"Nature Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"9702_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-021-09563-w","volume":"31","author":"J Morley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morley, J., Elhalal, A., Garcia, F., Kinsey, L., M\u00f6kander, J., & Floridi, L. (2021). Ethics as a service: A pragmatic operationalisation of AI Ethics. Minds and Machines, 31(2), 239\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-021-09563-w.","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"key":"9702_CR55","unstructured":"Mouffe, C. (2001). Which Ethics for Democracy? In M. Garber, B. Hanssen, & R. L. Walkowitz (Eds.), The turn to Ethics (pp. 85\u201394). Routledge."},{"issue":"2133","key":"9702_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2018.0089","volume":"376","author":"P Nemitz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nemitz, P. (2018). Constitutional democracy and technology in the age of artificial intelligence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2133), 1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2018.0089.","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2020.104132","volume":"50","author":"R Owen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Owen, R., Pansera, M., Macnaghten, P., & Randles, S. (2021a). Organisational institutionalisation of responsible Innovation. Research Policy, 50(1), 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"9702_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/23299460.2021.1948789","volume":"8","author":"R Owen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Owen, R., Schomberg, R., Von, & Macnaghten, P. (2021b). An unfinished journey? Reflections on a decade of responsible research and innovation. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 8(2), 217\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23299460.2021b.1948789.","journal-title":"Journal of Responsible Innovation"},{"key":"9702_CR59","unstructured":"Paula, L. E. (2008). Ethics Committees, Public Debate and Regulation: an Evaluation of Policy Instruments in Bioethics Governance. In Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam."},{"issue":"6","key":"9702_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0386.2008.00447.x","volume":"14","author":"A Plomer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Plomer, A. (2008). The european group on ethics: Law, politics and the limits of moral integration in Europe. European Law Journal, 14(6), 839\u2013859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-0386.2008.00447.x.","journal-title":"European Law Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.1970.0015","volume":"14","author":"VR Potter","year":"1970","unstructured":"Potter, V. R. (1970). Bioethics, the Science of Survival. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 14(1), 127\u2013153.","journal-title":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1353\/ken.0.0143","volume":"5","author":"WT Reich","year":"1995","unstructured":"Reich, W. T. (1995). The Word \u201cBioethics\u201d: The Struggle over its earliest meanings. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 5(1), 19\u201334.","journal-title":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"9702_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-017-9961-8","volume":"24","author":"W Reijers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reijers, W., Wright, D., Brey, P., Weber, K., Rodrigues, R., O\u2019Sullivan, D., & Gordijn, B. (2018). Methods for Practising Ethics in Research and Innovation: A literature review, critical analysis and recommendations. Science and Engineering Ethics, 24(5), 1437\u20131481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-017-9961-8.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"9702_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2013.02.006","volume":"42","author":"H Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, H., Fisher, E., & Schuurbiers, D. (2013). Integrating science and society in european Framework Programmes: Trends in project-level solicitations. Research Policy, 42(5), 1126\u20131137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respol.2013.02.006.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"9702_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rommetveit, K., Van Dijk, N., Gunnarsd\u00f3ttir, K., O\u2019riordan, K., Gutwirth, S., Strand, R., & Wynne, B. (2019). Working responsibly across boundaries? Some practical and theoretical lessons. In R. Von, Schomberg, & J. Hankins (Eds.), International handbook on responsible Innovation: A Global Resource (pp. 83\u2013100). Edward Elgar.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781784718862.00012"},{"key":"9702_CR66","unstructured":"Rothman, D. J. (1991). Strangers by the Bedside: A history of how Law and Bioethics Transformed Medical decision making. Basic Books."},{"issue":"6","key":"9702_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1177\/1023263X20981566","volume":"27","author":"G Sartor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sartor, G. (2020). Artificial intelligence and human rights: Between law and ethics. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 27(6), 705\u2013719.","journal-title":"Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law"},{"issue":"4","key":"9702_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1353\/ken.2008.0006","volume":"17","author":"HM Sass","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sass, H. M. (2007). Fritz Jahr\u2019s 1927 Concept of Bioethics. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 17(4), 279\u2013295.","journal-title":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9702_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/s0040-1625(96)00180-1","volume":"54","author":"J Schot","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schot, J., & Rip, A. (1997). The past and future of Constructive Technology Assessment. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 54(2\u20133), 251\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0040-1625(96)00180-1.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"2","key":"9702_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/23299460.2021.1882748","volume":"8","author":"D Shanley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shanley, D. (2021). Imagining the future through revisiting the past: The value of history in thinking about R(R)I\u2019s possible future(s). Journal of Responsible Innovation, 8(2), 234\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23299460.2021.1882748.","journal-title":"Journal of Responsible Innovation"},{"issue":"3","key":"9702_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01000290","volume":"28","author":"R Smits","year":"1995","unstructured":"Smits, R., Leyten, J., & Den Hertog, P. (1995). Technology assessment and technology policy in Europe: New concepts, new goals, new infrastructures. Policy Sciences, 28(3), 271\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01000290.","journal-title":"Policy Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"9702_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.24112\/ijccpm.121572","volume":"12","author":"D Solomon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Solomon, D. (2014). Bioethics and Culture: Understanding the Contemporary Crisis in Bioethics. International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine, 12(2), 87\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24112\/ijccpm.121572.","journal-title":"International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine"},{"key":"9702_CR73","unstructured":"Stilgoe, J., & Guston, D. H. (2017). Responsible Research and Innovation. In U. Felt, R. Fouch\u00e9, C. A. Miller, & L. Smith-Doerr (Eds.), The handbook of Science and Technology Studies (4th ed., pp. 853\u2013880). MIT Press."},{"key":"9702_CR74","unstructured":"Stolton, S. (2018). Artificial Intelligence presents\u2019 black swan\u2019 ethical issues, Commission report says. Euractiv.Com, 2\u20136."},{"key":"9702_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2009.138","volume":"10","author":"J Tait","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tait, J. (2009). Upstream engagement and the governance of science. EMBO Reports, 10, 18\u201322.","journal-title":"EMBO Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"9702_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11024-009-9127-1","volume":"47","author":"M Tallacchini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tallacchini, M. (2009). Governing by values. EU ethics: Soft tool, hard effects. Minerva, 47(3), 281\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11024-009-9127-1.","journal-title":"Minerva"},{"key":"9702_CR77","unstructured":"Tallacchini, M. (2015). To bind or not to bind? European Ethics as Soft Law. In S. Hilgartner, C. A. Miller, & R. Hagendijk (Eds.), Science and Democracy. Making knowledge and making power in the biosciences and beyond (pp. 156\u2013175). Routledge."},{"issue":"12","key":"9702_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2008.028605","volume":"35","author":"L Turner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Turner, L. (2009). Does bioethics exist? Journal of Medical Ethics, 35(12), 778\u2013780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.2008.028605.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"9702_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2021.105597","volume":"43","author":"N van Dijk","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Dijk, N., Casiraghi, S., & Gutwirth, S. (2021). The \u2018Ethification\u2019 of ICT Governance. Artificial Intelligence and Data Protection in the European Union. Computer Law & Security Review, 43, 105597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clsr.2021.105597.","journal-title":"Computer Law & Security Review"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9702_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-1625(96)00210-7","volume":"54","author":"JCM Van Eijndhoven","year":"1997","unstructured":"Van Eijndhoven, J. C. M. (1997). Technology Assessment: Product or process? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 54(2\u20133), 269\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0040-1625(96)00210-7.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"9702_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/07349165.1992.9725818","volume":"10","author":"NJ Vig","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vig, N. J. (1992). Parliamentary technology assessment in europe: Comparative evolution. Impact Assessment, 10(4), 3\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07349165.1992.9725818.","journal-title":"Impact Assessment"},{"key":"9702_CR82","unstructured":"Von Schomberg, R. (2012). Ren\u00e9 von Schomberg on responsible innovation. See ethics as a stimulus and not as an obstacle. LEV, 14\u201318."},{"key":"9702_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner, B. (2018). Ethics as an escape from Regulation: From ethics-washing to ethics-shopping? In M. Hildebrandt (Ed.), Being profiled. Cogitas Ergo Sum (pp. 84\u201389). Amsterdam University Press.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvhrd092.18"},{"issue":"4","key":"9702_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/09505430120093586","volume":"10","author":"B Wynne","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wynne, B. (2001). Creating Public Alienation: Expert cultures of risk and Ethics on GMOs. Science as Culture, 10(4), 445\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09505430120093586.","journal-title":"Science as Culture"},{"issue":"3","key":"9702_CR85","first-page":"211","volume":"9","author":"B Wynne","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wynne, B. (2005). Public Engagement as a Means of restoring Public Trust in Science - Hitting the Notes, but missing the music? Community Genetics, 9(3), 211\u2013220.","journal-title":"Community Genetics"},{"issue":"9","key":"9702_CR86","first-page":"211","volume":"3","author":"B Wynne","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wynne, B. (2006). Public Engagement as Means of restoring Trust in Science? Hitting the Notes, but missing the music. Community Genetics, 3(9), 211\u2013220.","journal-title":"Community Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"9702_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14636770701843527","volume":"27","author":"MS Yesley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yesley, M. S. (2008). What\u2019s ELSI got to do with it? Bioethics and the Human Genome Project. New Genetics and Society, 27(1), 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14636770701843527.","journal-title":"New Genetics and Society"},{"key":"9702_CR88","unstructured":"Yeung, K., Howes, A., & Pogrebna, G. (2020). Why industry self-regulation will not deliver \u201cEthical AI\u201d: A call for legally mandated techniques of \u201cHuman Rights by Design. In M. D. Dubber, F. Pasquale, & S. Das (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI. Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"9702_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2009.115","volume":"10","author":"H Zwart","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zwart, H., & Nelis, A. (2009). What is ELSA Genomics? EMBO Reports, 10(6), 540\u2013544.","journal-title":"EMBO Reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"9702_CR89","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"H Zwart","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zwart, H., Landeweerd, L., & van Rooij, A. (2014). Adapt or perish? Assessing the recent shift in the european research funding arena from \u201cELSA\u201d to RRI. Life Sciences Society and Policy, 10(11), 1\u201319.","journal-title":"Life Sciences Society and Policy"}],"container-title":["Ethics and Information Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-023-09702-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10676-023-09702-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-023-09702-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T08:43:45Z","timestamp":1702284225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10676-023-09702-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-023-09702-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-1957","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 April 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"28"}}