{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:22:11Z","timestamp":1780050131430,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006595","name":"Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-0521, within PNCDI III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-0521, within PNCDI III"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006595","name":"Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-0521, within PNCDI III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-0521, within PNCDI III"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ethics Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-023-09723-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T07:02:12Z","timestamp":1695711732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Empathy training through virtual reality: moral enhancement with the freedom to fall?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3380-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anda","family":"Zahiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilian","family":"Mihailov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Earp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn B.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Savulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3940(03)00098-3","volume":"340","author":"H Akiduki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Akiduki, H., Nishiike, S., Watanabe, H., Matsuoka, K., Kubo, T., & Takeda, N. (2003). Visual-vestibular conflict induced by virtual reality in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 340(3), 197\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0304-3940(03)00098-3.","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"9723_CR2","unstructured":"Alberghini, D. (2020). Improving empathy: is virtual reality an effective approach to educating about refugees?."},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1017\/XPS.2017.12","volume":"4","author":"K Arceneaux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arceneaux, K. (2017). Anxiety reduces empathy toward outgroup members but not ingroup members. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 4(1), 68\u201380.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Political Science"},{"key":"9723_CR4","unstructured":"Bailenson, J. (2018). Experience on demand: What virtual reality is, how it works, and what it can do. WW Norton & Company."},{"key":"9723_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banakou, D., Hanumanthu, P. D., & Slater, M. (2016). Virtual embodiment of white people in a black virtual body leads to a sustained reduction in their implicit racial bias. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 601, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00601.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00601"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/1464-0597.00092","volume":"51","author":"A Bandura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bandura, A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51(2), 269\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1464-0597.00092.","journal-title":"Applied Psychology: An International Review"},{"key":"9723_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bard, J. T., Chung, H. K., Shaia, J. K., Wellman, L. L., & Elzie, C. A. (2022). Increased medical student understanding of dementia through virtual embodiment. Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02701960.2022.2067850.","DOI":"10.1080\/02701960.2022.2067850"},{"key":"9723_CR8","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen, S. (2011). The science of evil: On empathy and the origins of cruelty. Basic Books."},{"key":"9723_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batson, C. D. (2009). In J. Decety, & W. Ickes (Eds.), These things called empathy: Eight related but distinct phenomena (pp. 3\u201315). The Social Neuroscience of Empathy, MIT press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012973.003.0002"},{"issue":"6","key":"9723_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1162\/105474605775196535","volume":"14","author":"KM Behr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Behr, K. M., Nosper, A., Klimmt, C., & Hartmann, T. (2005). Some practical considerations of ethical issues in VR research. Presence, 14(6), 668\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/105474605775196535.","journal-title":"Presence"},{"key":"9723_CR11","unstructured":"Beilin, H. (2013). The development of prosocial behavior. Academic Press."},{"key":"9723_CR12","unstructured":"Bell, C. (2016, January 25). This Virtual Reality Experience Shows Police Brutality From Both Sides. MTV. Retrieved April 3, 2022, from https:\/\/www.mtv.com\/news\/2732118\/virtual-reality-police-brutality\/."},{"key":"9723_CR13","unstructured":"Bergman, B. (2022, March 16). I watched Meta\u2019s controversial \u2019Surviving 9\/11\u2019 and found it stomach churning. But it\u2019s not what people think it is. Business Insider. Retrieved April 3, 2022, from https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/i-watched-metas-surviving-911-at-sxsw-and-found-it-stomach-churning-2022-3?r=US&IR=T."},{"key":"9723_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bertrand, P., Guegan, J., Robieux, L., McCall, C. A., & Zenasni, F. (2018). Learning empathy through virtual reality: Multiple strategies for training empathy-related abilities using body ownership illusions in embodied virtual reality. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2018.00026.","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2018.00026"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210701508855","volume":"61","author":"RJR Blair","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blair, R. J. R. (2008). Fine cuts of empathy and the amygdala: Dissociable deficits in psychopathy and autism. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(1), 157\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470210701508855.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"9723_CR17","unstructured":"Bloom, P. (2017). Against empathy: The case for rational compassion. Random House."},{"key":"9723_CR16","unstructured":"Bloom, P. (2017, February 3). It\u2019s Ridiculous to Use Virtual Reality to Empathize With Refugees. The Atlantic. Retrieved April 14, 2022, from https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2017\/02\/virtual-reality-wont-make-you-more-empathetic\/515511\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/1329878X17726794","volume":"165","author":"G Bollmer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bollmer, G. (2017). Empathy machines. Media International Australia, 165(1), 63\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1329878X17726794.","journal-title":"Media International Australia"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00039.x","volume":"29","author":"VL Bonham","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bonham, V. L. (2001). Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: Striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment. Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics, 29(1), 52\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00039.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics"},{"key":"9723_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00535","volume":"9","author":"N Braun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Braun, N., Debener, S., Spychala, N., Bongartz, E., S\u00f6r\u00f6s, P., M\u00fcller, H. H., & Philipsen, A. (2018). The senses of agency and ownership: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00535.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"9723_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breithaupt, F., & Hamilton, A. B. B. (2019). The Dark Sides of Empathy. Cornell University Press.","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501735608"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-019-00412-x","volume":"24","author":"S Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao, S., Nandakumar, K., Babu, R., & Thompson, B. (2020). Game play in virtual reality driving simulation involving head-mounted display and comparison to desktop display. Virtual Reality, 24(3), 503\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-019-00412-x.","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2007.04.006","volume":"44","author":"L Castelli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Castelli, L., & Tomelleri, S. (2008). Contextual effects on prejudiced attitudes: When the presence of others leads to more egalitarian responses. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(3), 679\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesp.2007.04.006.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"9723_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang, E. H., Milkman, K. L., Gromet, D. M., Rebele, R. W., Massey, C., Duckworth, A. L., & Grant, A. M. (2019). The mixed effects of online diversity training. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(16), 7778\u20137783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.181607611.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.181607611"},{"key":"9723_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, V. H. H., Ibasco, G. C., Leow, V. J. X., & Lew, J. Y. Y. (2021). The Effect of VR Avatar Embodiment on improving attitudes and closeness toward immigrants. Frontiers in Psychology, 4722, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.705574.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.705574"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2019.1677246","volume":"103","author":"FR Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, F. R., Fung, A. L. C., & Raine, A. (2021a). The cognitive, affective, and somatic empathy scales (CASES): Cross-cultural replication and specificity to different forms of aggression and victimization. Journal of Personality Assessment, 103(1), 80\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2019.1677246.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"key":"9723_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheung, K., Patch, K., Earp, B. D., & Yaden, D. B. (2023). Psychedelics, meaningfulness, and the proper scope of medicine: Continuing the conversation. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180123000270"},{"issue":"6","key":"9723_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2958332","volume":"27","author":"TI Chowdhury","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chowdhury, T. I., Ferdous, S. M. S., & Quarles, J. (2019). VR disability simulation reduces implicit bias towards persons with disabilities. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 27(6), 3079\u20133090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2958332.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"issue":"6","key":"9723_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2012-101096","volume":"40","author":"MJ Crockett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crockett, M. J. (2014). Moral bioenhancement: A neuroscientific perspective. Journal of Medical Ethics, 40(6), 370\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/medethics-2012-101096.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"9723_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Crockett, M. J., Clark, L., Hauser, M. D., & Robbins, T. W. (2010). Serotonin selectively influences moral judgment and behavior through effects on harm aversion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(40), 17433\u201317438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1009396107.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009396107"},{"key":"9723_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Borst, A. W., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., Slater, M., & de Gelder, B. (2020). First-person virtual embodiment modulates the cortical network that encodes the bodily self and its surrounding space during the experience of domestic violence. Eneuro, 7(3), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0263-19.2019.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0263-19.2019"},{"issue":"5984","key":"9723_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1189047","volume":"328","author":"CK De Dreu","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Dreu, C. K., Greer, L. L., Handgraaf, M. J., Shalvi, S., Van Kleef, G. A., Baas, M., & Feith, S. W. (2010). The neuropeptide oxytocin regulates parochial altruism in intergroup conflict among humans. Science, 328(5984), 1408\u20131411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1189047.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"9723_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1159\/000317771","volume":"32","author":"J Decety","year":"2010","unstructured":"Decety, J. (2010). The neurodevelopment of empathy in humans. Developmental Neuroscience, 32(4), 257\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000317771.","journal-title":"Developmental Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073910374662","volume":"3","author":"J Decety","year":"2011","unstructured":"Decety, J. (2011). Dissecting the neural mechanisms mediating empathy. Emotion Review, 3(1), 92\u2013108.","journal-title":"Emotion Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"9723_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/09637214211031943","volume":"30","author":"J Decety","year":"2021","unstructured":"Decety, J. (2021). Why empathy is not a reliable source of information in moral decision making. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(5), 425\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09637214211031943.","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"9723_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.008","volume":"18","author":"J Decety","year":"2014","unstructured":"Decety, J., & Cowell, J. M. (2014). The complex relation between morality and empathy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(7), 337\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.008.","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/21507740.2015.1047055","volume":"6","author":"J Decety","year":"2015","unstructured":"Decety, J., & Cowell, J. M. (2015). Empathy, justice, and moral behavior. AJOB Neuroscience, 6(3), 3\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21507740.2015.1047055.","journal-title":"AJOB Neuroscience"},{"key":"9723_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dechering, A., & Bakkes, S. (2018, August). Moral engagement in interactive narrative games: an exploratory study on ethical agency in the walking dead and life is strange. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games (pp.\u00a01\u201310). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3235765.3235779.","DOI":"10.1145\/3235765.3235779"},{"issue":"6","key":"9723_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2012-101157","volume":"40","author":"D DeGrazia","year":"2014","unstructured":"DeGrazia, D. (2014). Moral enhancement, freedom, and what we (should) value in moral behaviour. Journal of Medical Ethics, 40(6), 361\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/medethics-2012-101157.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"6","key":"9723_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550613516876","volume":"5","author":"CN DeWall","year":"2014","unstructured":"DeWall, C. N., Gillath, O., Pressman, S. D., Black, L. L., Bartz, J. A., Moskovitz, J., & Stetler, D. A. (2014). When the love hormone leads to violence: Oxytocin increases intimate partner violence inclinations among high trait aggressive people. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(6), 691\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1948550613516876.","journal-title":"Social Psychological and Personality Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"9723_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000395","volume":"147","author":"D Dodell-Feder","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dodell-Feder, D., & Tamir, D. I. (2018). Fiction reading has a small positive impact on social cognition: A meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(11), 1713.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5930.2008.00412.x","volume":"25","author":"T Douglas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Douglas, T. (2008). Moral enhancement. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 25(3), 228\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-5930.2008.00412.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Philosophy"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2011.01919.x","volume":"27","author":"T Douglas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Douglas, T. (2013). Moral enhancement via direct emotion modulation: A reply to John Harris. Bioethics, 27(3), 160\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2011.01919.x.","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"9723_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.12.005","volume":"152","author":"BB Drwecki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Drwecki, B. B., Moore, C. F., Ward, S. E., & Prkachin, K. M. (2011). Reducing racial disparities in pain treatment: The role of empathy and perspective-taking. Pain, 152(5), 1001\u20131006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2010.12.005.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"9723_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Earp, B. D. (2018). Psychedelic moral enhancement. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplements, 83, 415\u2013439.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1358246118000474"},{"key":"9723_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Earp, B. D., & Savulescu, J. (2020). Love is the drug: The chemical future of our relationships. Love is the drug. Manchester University Press.","DOI":"10.7765\/9781526150851"},{"key":"9723_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00012","volume":"8","author":"BD Earp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Earp, B. D., Sandberg, A., Kahane, G., & Savulescu, J. (2014). When is diminishment a form of enhancement? Rethinking the enhancement debate in biomedical ethics. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8, 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00012.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"9723_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Earp, B. D., Douglas, T., & Savulescu, J. (2017). Moral neuroenhancement. The Routledge handbook of neuroethics, 166\u2013184.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315708652-13"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.665","volume":"51","author":"N Eisenberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eisenberg, N. (2000). Emotion, regulation, and moral development. Annual Review of Psychology, 51(1), 665\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.665.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"2009","key":"9723_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012973.003.0007","volume":"6","author":"N Eisenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenberg, N., & Eggum, N. D. (2009). Empathic responding: Sympathy and personal distress. The Social Neuroscience of Empathy, 6(2009), 71\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012973.003.0007.","journal-title":"The Social Neuroscience of Empathy"},{"issue":"6","key":"9723_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.19.6.846","volume":"19","author":"N Eisenberg","year":"1983","unstructured":"Eisenberg, N., Lennon, R., & Roth, K. (1983). Prosocial development: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 19(6), 846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.19.6.846.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"9723_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espelage, D. L., Mebane, S. E., & Adams, R. S. (2004). Empathy, caring, and bullying: Toward an understanding of complex associations. Bullying in american schools (pp. 59\u201384). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410609700-11"},{"issue":"11","key":"9723_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0225102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225102","volume":"14","author":"S Fabi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fabi, S., Weber, L. A., & Leuthold, H. (2019). Empathic concern and personal distress depend on situational but not dispositional factors. Plos One, 14(11), e0225102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0225102.","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.4073\/csr.2009.6","volume":"5","author":"DP Farrington","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farrington, D. P., & Ttofi, M. M. (2009). School-based programs to reduce bullying and victimization. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 5(1), i\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4073\/csr.2009.6.","journal-title":"Campbell Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-015-9230-y","volume":"8","author":"F Focquaert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Focquaert, F., & Schermer, M. (2015). Moral enhancement: Do means matter morally? Neuroethics, 8(2), 139\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12152-015-9230-y.","journal-title":"Neuroethics"},{"key":"9723_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francis, K. B., Howard, C., Howard, I. S., Gummerum, M., Ganis, G., Anderson, G., & Terbeck, S. (2016). Virtual morality: Transitioning from moral judgment to moral action?. PloS One, 11(10), e0164374.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164374"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12276","volume":"109","author":"KB Francis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Francis, K. B., Gummerum, M., Ganis, G., Howard, I. S., & Terbeck, S. (2018). Virtual morality in the helping professions: Simulated action and resilience. British Journal of Psychology, 109(3), 442\u2013465.","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9723_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.4.657","volume":"81","author":"AD Galinsky","year":"2001","unstructured":"Galinsky, A. D., & Mussweiler, T. (2001). First offers as anchors: The role of perspective-taking and negotiator focus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(4), 657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.81.4.657.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"9723_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gall, D., Roth, D., Stauffert, J. P., Zarges, J., & Latoschik, M. E. (2021). Embodiment in virtual reality intensifies emotional responses to virtual stimuli. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.674179.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.674179"},{"key":"9723_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G., & Selten, R. (2001). Bounded Rationality: the adaptive toolbox (Vol. 84).","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1654.001.0001"},{"key":"9723_CR63","unstructured":"Glover, J. (2012). Humanity: A moral history of the twentieth century. Yale University Press."},{"key":"9723_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glover, J. (2014). Alien landscapes?: Interpreting disordered minds. Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674735743"},{"key":"9723_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Liencres, C., Zapata, L. E., Iruretagoyena, G., Seinfeld, S., Perez-Mendez, L., Arroyo-Palacios, J., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2020). Being the victim of intimate partner violence in virtual reality: First-versus third-person perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00820.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00820"},{"issue":"6","key":"9723_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2013.0071","volume":"3","author":"B Gutierrez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gutierrez, B., Kaatz, A., Chu, S., Ramirez, D., Samson-Samuel, C., & Carnes, M. (2014). Fair play: A videogame designed to address implicit race bias through active perspective taking. Games for Health Journal, 3(6), 371\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/g4h.2013.0071.","journal-title":"Games for Health Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2010.01854.x","volume":"25","author":"J Harris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harris, J. (2011). Moral enhancement and freedom. Bioethics, 25(2), 102\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2010.01854.x.","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"issue":"6","key":"9723_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2012-101096","volume":"40","author":"J Harris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harris, J. (2014). Taking liberties with free fall. Journal of Medical Ethics, 40(6), 371\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/medethics-2012-101096.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"9723_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, J. (2016). How to be good: The possibility of moral enhancement. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198707592.001.0001"},{"issue":"8","key":"9723_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444821993133","volume":"23","author":"BS Hasler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hasler, B. S., Landau, H., Hasson, D., Schori-Eyal, Y., Giron, N., Levy, J., & Friedman, J., D (2021). Virtual reality-based conflict resolution: The impact of immersive 360\u00b0 video on changing view points and moral judgment in the context of violent intergroup conflict. New Media & Society, 23(8), 2255\u20132278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444821993133.","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"issue":"9","key":"9723_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0222342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222342","volume":"14","author":"Y Hasson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hasson, Y., Schori-Eyal, N., Landau, D., Hasler, B. S., Levy, J., Friedman, D., & Halperin, E. (2019). The enemy\u2019s gaze: Immersive virtual environments enhance peace promoting attitudes and emotions in violent intergroup conflicts. PloS One, 14(9), e0222342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0222342.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"9723_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0204494","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204494","volume":"13","author":"F Herrera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herrera, F., Bailenson, J., Weisz, E., Ogle, E., & Zaki, J. (2018). Building long-term empathy: A large-scale comparison of traditional and virtual reality perspective-taking. PloS One, 13(10), e0204494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0204494.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"9723_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-5357(01)00112-3","volume":"30","author":"SD Hodges","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hodges, S. D., & Klein, K. J. (2001). Regulating the costs of empathy: The price of being human. The Journal of socio-economics, 30(5), 437\u2013452.","journal-title":"The Journal of socio-economics"},{"issue":"11","key":"9723_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nst161","volume":"9","author":"CM Hysek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hysek, C. M., Schmid, Y., Simmler, L. D., Domes, G., Heinrichs, M., Eisenegger, C., & Liechti, M. E. (2014). MDMA enhances emotional empathy and prosocial behavior. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(11), 1645\u20131652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nst161.","journal-title":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"},{"key":"9723_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.12.006","volume":"71","author":"KM Ingram","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ingram, K. M., Espelage, D. L., Merrin, G. J., Valido, A., Heinhorst, J., & Joyce, M. (2019). Evaluation of a virtual reality enhanced bullying prevention curriculum pilot trial. Journal of Adolescence, 71, 72\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.12.006.","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"9723_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacob, P. (2011). The direct-perception model of empathy: A critique. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 2(3), 519\u2013540.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13164-011-0065-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RA18","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.881324","volume":"17","author":"K Jankowiak-Siuda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jankowiak-Siuda, K., Rymarczyk, K., & Grabowska, A. (2011). How we empathize with others: A neurobiological perspective. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 17(1), RA18.","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12045","volume":"29","author":"G Kahane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kahane, G., & Savulescu, J. (2015). Normal human variation: Refocussing the enhancement debate. Bioethics, 29(2), 133\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bioe.12045.","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28879","volume":"6","author":"E Kokkinara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kokkinara, E., Kilteni, K., Blom, K. J., & Slater, M. (2016). First person perspective of seated participants over a walking virtual body leads to illusory agency over the walking. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep28879.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"7042","key":"9723_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03701","volume":"435","author":"M Kosfeld","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2005). Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature, 435(7042), 673\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature03701.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR84","first-page":"59","volume":"12","author":"W Kresse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kresse, W., & Watland, K. H. (2016). Thinking outside the Box Office: Using movies to Build Shared Experiences and Student Engagement in Online or Hybrid Learning. Journal of Learning in Higher Education, 12(1), 59\u201364.","journal-title":"Journal of Learning in Higher Education"},{"key":"9723_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riob.2015.07.003","volume":"35","author":"G Ku","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ku, G., Wang, C. S., & Galinsky, A. D. (2015). The promise and perversity of perspective-taking in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 35, 79\u2013102.","journal-title":"Research in Organizational Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"9723_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1086\/292800","volume":"96","author":"A Kuflik","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kuflik, A. (1986). A defense of common-sense morality. Ethics, 96(4), 784\u2013803.","journal-title":"Ethics"},{"key":"9723_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.11.5.643","volume":"11","author":"LA Kurdek","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kurdek, L. A., & Rogdon, M. M. (1975). Perceptual, cognitive, and affective perspective taking in kindergarten through sixth-grade children. Developmental Psychology, 11, 643\u2013650.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03169017","volume":"32","author":"JY Kwon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kwon, J. Y., & Yawkey, T. D. (2000). Principles of emotional development and children\u2019s pretend play. International Journal of Early Childhood, 32(1), 9\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03169017.","journal-title":"International Journal of Early Childhood"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21186","volume":"22","author":"C Lamm","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lamm, C., Meltzoff, A. N., & Decety, J. (2010). How do we empathize with someone who is not like us? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(2), 362\u2013376.","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.75.1.5","volume":"75","author":"N Liberman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (1998). The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions: A test of temporal construal theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.75.1.5.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-022-01460-1","volume":"7","author":"P Lorenz-Spreen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lorenz-Spreen, P., Oswald, L., Lewandowsky, S., & Hertwig, R. (2023). A systematic review of worldwide causal and correlational evidence on digital media and democracy. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(1), 74\u2013101.","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"issue":"4","key":"9723_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.9997","volume":"10","author":"MF Macedonio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Macedonio, M. F., Parsons, T. D., Digiuseppe, R. A., Weiderhold, B. A., & Rizzo, A. A. (2007). Immersiveness and physiological arousal within panoramic video-based virtual reality. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10(4), 508\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cpb.2007.9997.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology & Behavior"},{"key":"9723_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2016.00003","author":"M Madary","year":"2016","unstructured":"Madary, M., & Metzinger, T. K. (2016). Real virtuality: A code of ethical conduct. Recommendations for good scientific practice and the consumers of VR-technology. Frontiers in Robotics and AI. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2016.00003. 3.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.08.003","volume":"32","author":"AA Marsh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marsh, A. A., & Blair, R. J. R. (2008). Deficits in facial affect recognition among antisocial populations: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(3), 454\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.08.003.","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2019.1580804","volume":"51","author":"NL Mason","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mason, N. L., Mischler, E., Uthaug, M. V., & Kuypers, K. P. (2019). Sub-acute effects of psilocybin on empathy, creative thinking, and subjective well-being. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 51(2), 123\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02791072.2019.1580804.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-013-0205-3","volume":"14","author":"M Melloni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Melloni, M., Lopez, V., & Ibanez, A. (2014). Empathy and contextual social cognition. Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 14(1), 407\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-013-0205-3.","journal-title":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"9723_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2021.1915417","volume":"21","author":"E Mihailov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mihailov, E., Hannikainen, I. R., & Earp, B. D. (2021). Advancing methods in empirical bioethics: Bioxphi meets digital technologies. The American Journal of Bioethics, 21(6), 53\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15265161.2021.1915417.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Bioethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-023-00435-3","volume":"29","author":"E Mihailov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mihailov, E., Voinea, C., & Vic\u0103, C. (2023). Is online Moral Outrage Outrageous? Rethinking the indignation machine. Science and Engineering Ethics, 29(2), 12.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-005-0050-6","volume":"6","author":"B Montagne","year":"2005","unstructured":"Montagne, B., Kessels, R. P., Frigerio, E., De Haan, E. H., & Perrett, D. I. (2005). Sex differences in the perception of affective facial expressions: Do men really lack emotional sensitivity? Cognitive Processing, 6(2), 136\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10339-005-0050-6.","journal-title":"Cognitive Processing"},{"key":"9723_CR100","unstructured":"Morrow, A. (2021, September 25). France trials virtual reality \u2018empathy machine\u2019 on domestic violence offenders. rfi. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/en\/france\/20210925-france-trials-virtual-reality-empathy-machine-on-domestic-violence-offenders-reverto."},{"issue":"7","key":"9723_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1080\/02702711.2021.1939823","volume":"42","author":"S Namba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Namba, S., Kabir, R. S., Matsuda, K., Noguchi, Y., Kambara, K., Kobayashi, R., & Nakao, T. (2021). Fantasy component of interpersonal reactivity is associated with empathic accuracy: Findings from behavioral experiments with implications for applied settings. Reading Psychology, 42(7), 788\u2013806.","journal-title":"Reading Psychology"},{"key":"9723_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nussbaum, M. (1997). Poetic justice: The literary imagination and public life. Beacon Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511586200.011"},{"issue":"5","key":"9723_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01000115","volume":"24","author":"JK O\u2019regan","year":"2001","unstructured":"O\u2019regan, J. K., & No\u00eb, A. (2001). A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(5), 939\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0140525X01000115.","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"9723_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oh, S. Y., & Bailenson, J. (2017). Virtual and augmented reality. The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118783764.wbieme0172.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118783764.wbieme0172"},{"key":"9723_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olaru, B. (2019). Bypassing morality through conventional and unconventional forms of moral enhancement.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/9783110571219-003.","DOI":"10.2478\/9783110571219-003"},{"key":"9723_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.134974","volume":"733","author":"S Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park, S., & Lee, G. (2020). Full-immersion virtual reality: Adverse effects related to static balance. Neuroscience Letters, 733, 134974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.134974.","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"9723_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510787","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.510787","volume":"11","author":"I Patan\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patan\u00e9, I., Lelgouarch, A., Banakou, D., Verdelet, G., Desoche, C., Koun, E., & Farn\u00e8, A. (2020). Exploring the effect of cooperation in reducing implicit racial bias and its relationship with dispositional empathy and political attitudes. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 510787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.510787.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.04.016","volume":"22","author":"TC Peck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peck, T. C., Seinfeld, S., Aglioti, S. M., & Slater, M. (2013). Putting yourself in the skin of a black avatar reduces implicit racial bias. Consciousness and Cognition, 22(3), 779\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.concog.2013.04.016.","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"9723_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107233","volume":"131","author":"C Peckmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peckmann, C., Kannen, K., Pensel, M. C., Lux, S., Philipsen, A., & Braun, N. (2022). Virtual reality induces symptoms of depersonalization and derealization: A longitudinal randomised control trial. Computers in Human Behavior, 131, 107233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107233.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5930.2008.00410.x","volume":"25","author":"I Persson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Persson, I., & Savulescu, J. (2008). The perils of cognitive enhancement and the urgent imperative to enhance the moral character of humanity. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 25(3), 162\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-5930.2008.00410.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Philosophy"},{"key":"9723_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Persson, I., & Savulescu, J. (2011). Unfit for the future? Human nature, scientific progress, and the need for moral enhancement. Enhancing Human Capacities, 486\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781444393552.ch35.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444393552.ch35"},{"key":"9723_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Persson, I., & Savulescu, J. (2012). Unfit for the future. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199653645.001.0001"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2011.01907.x","volume":"27","author":"I Persson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Persson, I., & Savulescu, J. (2013). Getting moral enhancement right: The desirability of moral bioenhancement. Bioethics, 27(3), 124\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2011.01907.x.","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-017-9350-7","volume":"11","author":"I Persson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Persson, I., & Savulescu, J. (2018). The moral importance of reflective empathy. Neuroethics, 11(2), 183\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12152-017-9350-7.","journal-title":"Neuroethics"},{"issue":"6","key":"9723_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.504","volume":"38","author":"TF Pettigrew","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(6), 922\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.504.","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"9723_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-6962.2011.00069.x","volume":"49","author":"J Prinz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Prinz, J. (2011). Against empathy. The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 49, 214\u2013233.","journal-title":"The Southern Journal of Philosophy"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167207310023","volume":"34","author":"E Pronin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pronin, E., Olivola, C. Y., & Kennedy, K. A. (2008). Doing unto future selves as you would do unto others: Psychological distance and decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(2), 224\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146167207310023.","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"9723_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-018-9473-5","volume":"20","author":"EJ Ramirez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramirez, E. J., & LaBarge, S. (2018). Real moral problems in the use of virtual reality. Ethics and Information Technology, 20, 249\u2013263.","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"9723_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rorty, R. (1990). Objectivity, relativism, and Truth: Volume 1: Philosophical Papers. Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173643"},{"key":"9723_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rueda, J., & Lara, F. (2020). Virtual reality and empathy enhancement: Ethical aspects. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2020.506984.","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2020.506984"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19987-7","volume":"8","author":"S Seinfeld","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seinfeld, S., Arroyo-Palacios, J., Iruretagoyena, G., Hortensius, R., Zapata, L. E., Borland, D., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2018). Offenders become the victim in virtual reality: Impact of changing perspective in domestic violence. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-19987-7.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"9723_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seinfeld, S., Feuchtner, T., Pinzek, J., & Muller, J. (2020). Impact of information placement and user representations in VR on performance and embodiment. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3021342.","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3021342"},{"key":"9723_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2009). In J. Decety, & W. Ickes (Eds.), Empathic processing: Its cognitive and affective dimensions and neuroanatomical basis (pp. 215\u2013232). The Social Neuroscience of Empathy, MIT press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012973.003.0017"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.07.020","volume":"79","author":"SG Shamay-Tsoory","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., & Abu-Akel, A. (2016). The social salience hypothesis of oxytocin. Biological Psychiatry, 79(3), 194\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.07.020.","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"9723_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/21507740.2012.712602","volume":"3","author":"JR Shook","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shook, J. R. (2012). Neuroethics and the possible types of moral enhancement. AJoB Neuroscience, 3(4), 3\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21507740.2012.712602.","journal-title":"AJoB Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042769","volume":"63","author":"HA Simon","year":"1956","unstructured":"Simon, H. A. (1956). Rational choice and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review, 63(2), 129\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0042769.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12305","volume":"109","author":"M Slater","year":"2018","unstructured":"Slater, M. (2018). Immersion and the illusion of presence in virtual reality. British Journal of Psychology, 109(3), 431\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjop.12305.","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"9723_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2016.00074","volume":"3","author":"M Slater","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slater, M., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2016). Enhancing our lives with immersive virtual reality. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 3, 74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2016.00074.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI"},{"issue":"5","key":"9723_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010564","volume":"5","author":"M Slater","year":"2010","unstructured":"Slater, M., Spanlang, B., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Blanke, O. (2010). First person experience of body transfer in virtual reality. PloS One, 5(5), e10564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0010564.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"9723_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slote, M. (2010). Moral Sentimentalism. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195391442.001.0001"},{"issue":"1","key":"9723_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/japp.12038","volume":"31","author":"R Sparrow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sparrow, R. (2014). Better Living through Chemistry? A reply to Savulescu and Persson on \u2018Moral Enhancement\u2019. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 31(1), 23\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/japp.12038.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Philosophy"},{"key":"9723_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szuster, A., & Jarymowicz, M. (2020). Human empathy of automatic vs. reflective origin: Diverse attributes and regulative consequences. New Ideas in Psychology, 56, Article 100748.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2019.100748"},{"issue":"5","key":"9723_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031999","volume":"104","author":"AR Todd","year":"2013","unstructured":"Todd, A. R., & Burgmer, P. (2013). Perspective taking and automatic intergroup evaluation change: Testing an associative self-anchoring account. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(5), 786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0031999.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"9723_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48546","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048546","volume":"7","author":"S Trawalter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Trawalter, S., Hoffman, K. M., & Waytz, A. (2012). Racial bias in perceptions of others\u2019 pain. PloS One, 7(11), e48546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0048546.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00991638","volume":"14","author":"JA Ungerer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ungerer, J. A., Dolby, R., Waters, B., Barnett, B., Kelk, N., & Lewin, V. (1990). The early development of empathy: Self-regulation and individual differences in the first year. Motivation and Emotion, 14(2), 93\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00991638.","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/jasp.12279","volume":"45","author":"L Vezzali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vezzali, L., Stathi, S., Giovannini, D., Capozza, D., & Trifiletti, E. (2015). The greatest magic of Harry Potter: Reducing prejudice. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 45(2), 105\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jasp.12279.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9723_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1037\/h0100879","volume":"5","author":"R Vilardaga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vilardaga, R. (2009). A relational Frame Theory account of empathy. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 5(2), 178.","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy"},{"key":"9723_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-020-00210-8","volume":"26","author":"C Voinea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Voinea, C., Vic\u0103, C., Mihailov, E., & Savulescu, J. (2020). The internet as cognitive enhancement. Science and Engineering Ethics, 26, 2345\u20132362.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"9723_CR139","unstructured":"Watercutter, A. (2016, January 26). New VR Film Perspective 2: The Misdemeanor Drops You in the Middle of a Police Shooting. Wired. Retrieved April 3, 2022, from https:\/\/www.wired.com\/2016\/01\/vr-police-shooting\/."},{"issue":"5","key":"9723_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/a0011993","volume":"95","author":"M Weisbuch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weisbuch, M., & Ambady, N. (2008). Affective divergence: Automatic responses to others\u2019 emotions depend on group membership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0011993.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"9723_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2017.1348470","volume":"22","author":"EM Wijma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wijma, E. M., Veerbeek, M. A., Prins, M., Pot, A. M., & Willemse, B. M. (2018). A virtual reality intervention to improve the understanding and empathy for people with dementia in informal caregivers: Results of a pilot study. Aging & Mental Health, 22(9), 1121\u20131129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2017.1348470.","journal-title":"Aging & Mental Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"9723_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1017\/s0963180116001067","volume":"26","author":"H Wiseman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wiseman, H. (2017). Would we even know Moral Bioenhancement if we saw it? Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 26(3), 398\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0963180116001067.","journal-title":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"9723_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1080\/14789940500302554","volume":"16","author":"MR Woodbury-Smith","year":"2005","unstructured":"Woodbury-Smith, M. R., Clare, I. C., Holland, A. J., Kearns, A., Staufenberg, E., & Watson, P. (2005). A case-control study of offenders with high functioning autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 16(4), 747\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14789940500302554.","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9723_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283642e10","volume":"26","author":"OA Wudarczyk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wudarczyk, O. A., Earp, B. D., Guastella, A., & Savulescu, J. (2013). Could intranasal oxytocin be used to enhance relationships? Research imperatives, clinical policy, and ethical considerations. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 26(5), 474.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"9723_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1017\/S096318012200007X","volume":"31","author":"DB Yaden","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yaden, D. B., Earp, B. D., & Griffiths, R. R. (2022). Ethical issues regarding nonsubjective psychedelics as standard of care. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 31(4), 464\u2013471.","journal-title":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics"},{"issue":"11","key":"9723_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1128","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001128","volume":"2","author":"PJ Zak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zak, P. J., Stanton, A. A., & Ahmadi, S. (2007). Oxytocin increases generosity in humans. PloS One, 2(11), e1128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0001128.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"9723_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037679","volume":"140","author":"J Zaki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zaki, J. (2014). Empathy: A motivated account. Psychological Bulletin, 140(6), 1608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0037679.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"9723_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zaki, J., Weber, J., Bolger, N., & Ochsner, K. (2009). The neural bases of empathic accuracy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(27), 11382\u201311387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0902666106.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902666106"}],"container-title":["Ethics and Information Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-023-09723-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10676-023-09723-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-023-09723-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T03:27:31Z","timestamp":1701055651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10676-023-09723-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"references-count":143,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-023-09723-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-1957","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"50"}}