{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T11:46:04Z","timestamp":1758282364269,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S006323N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S006323N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ethics Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Designing for serendipity in information technologies presents significant challenges for both scholars and practitioners. This paper presents a theoretical model of serendipity that aims to address this challenge by providing a structured framework for understanding and designing for serendipity. The model delineates between intended, afforded, and experienced serendipity, recognizing the role of design intents and the subjective nature of experiencing serendipity. Central to the model is the recognition that there is no single definition nor a unique operationalization of serendipity, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach to its conceptualization and design. By delineating between the intentions of designers, the characteristics of the system, and the experiences of end-users, the model offers a pathway to resolve the paradox of artificial serendipity and provides actionable guidelines to design for serendipity in information technologies. However, it also emphasizes the importance of establishing \u2018guardrails\u2019 to guide the design process and mitigate potential negative unintended consequences. The model aims to lay ground to advance both research and the practice of designing for serendipity, leading to more ethical and effective design practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-025-09841-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T15:18:40Z","timestamp":1750691920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intended, afforded, and experienced serendipity: overcoming the paradox of artificial serendipity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4771-7159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelien","family":"Smets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"9841_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9, P., Schraefel, M. C., Teevan, J., & Dumais, S. T. (2009). Discovery is never by chance: Designing for (un)serendipity. Proceeding of the Seventh ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition - C&C \u201909, 305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1640233.1640279","DOI":"10.1145\/1640233.1640279"},{"key":"9841_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bentley, F. R., Basapur, S., & Chowdhury, S. K. (2011). Promoting intergenerational communication through location-based asynchronous video communication. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing - UbiComp \u201911, 31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2030112.2030117","DOI":"10.1145\/2030112.2030117"},{"key":"9841_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Binst, B., Michiels, L., & Smets, A. (2025). What is Serendipity? An Interview Study to Conceptualize Experienced Serendipity in Recommender Systems. Proceedings of the 33rd ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization.","DOI":"10.1145\/3699682.3728325"},{"issue":"5","key":"9841_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-07-2016-0097","volume":"73","author":"L Bj\u00f6rneborn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rneborn, L. (2017). Three key affordances for serendipity: Toward a framework connecting environmental and personal factors in serendipitous encounters. Journal of Documentation, 73(5), 1053\u20131081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JD-07-2016-0097","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"9841_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98390-5_100-1","volume-title":"The Palgrave encyclopedia of the possible","author":"L Bj\u00f6rneborn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rneborn, L. (2020). Adjacent possible. The Palgrave encyclopedia of the possible (pp. 1\u201312). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-98390-5_100-1"},{"key":"9841_CR6","unstructured":"Bogers, T., & Bj\u00f6rneborn, L. (2013). Micro-serendipity: Meaningful Coincidences in Everyday Life Shared on Twitter. 196\u2013208. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2142\/36052"},{"issue":"3","key":"9841_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-013-9321-6","volume":"15","author":"E Bozdag","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bozdag, E. (2013). Bias in algorithmic filtering and personalization. Ethics and Information Technology, 15(3), 209\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-013-9321-6","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9841_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.5860\/crl.76.6.831","volume":"76","author":"PL Carr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carr, P. L. (2015). Serendipity in the Stacks: Libraries, Information Architecture, and the Problems of Accidental Discovery. College & Research Libraries, 76(6), 831\u2013842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5860\/crl.76.6.831","journal-title":"College & Research Libraries"},{"key":"9841_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-33529-7","volume-title":"Serendipity science: An emerging field and its methods","year":"2023","unstructured":"Copeland, S., Ross, W., & Sand, M. (Eds.). (2023). Serendipity science: An emerging field and its methods. Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-33529-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"9841_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-020-09537-z","volume":"22","author":"M de Reuver","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Reuver, M., van Wynsberghe, A., Janssen, M., & van de Poel, I. (2020). Digital platforms and responsible innovation: Expanding value sensitive design to overcome ontological uncertainty. Ethics and Information Technology, 22(3), 257\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-020-09537-z","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9841_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/14759551.2014.967451","volume":"20","author":"M de Rond","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Rond, M. (2014). The structure of serendipity. Culture and Organization, 20(5), 342\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14759551.2014.967451","journal-title":"Culture and Organization"},{"key":"9841_CR12","volume-title":"Where the action is: The foundations of embodied interaction","author":"P Dourish","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dourish, P. (2004). Where the action is: The foundations of embodied interaction. MIT press."},{"issue":"8","key":"9841_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2017.1338527","volume":"5","author":"T Dwyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dwyer, T., & Martin, F. (2017). Sharing news online: Social media news analytics and their implications for media pluralism policies. Digital Journalism, 5(8), 1080\u20131100.","journal-title":"Digital Journalism"},{"key":"9841_CR14","volume-title":"Matchmakers: The new economics of multisided platforms","author":"DS Evans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Evans, D. S., & Schmalensee, R. (2016). Matchmakers: The new economics of multisided platforms. Harvard Business Review Press."},{"key":"9841_CR15","unstructured":"Fields, B., Jones, R., & Cowlishaw, T. (2018). The case for public service recommender algorithms. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 22\u201324."},{"issue":"6","key":"9841_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-03-2014-0053","volume":"70","author":"EA Foster","year":"2014","unstructured":"Foster, E. A., & Ellis, D. (2014). Serendipity and its study. Journal of Documentation, 70(6), 1015\u20131038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JD-03-2014-0053","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"6","key":"9841_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1145\/242485.242493","volume":"3","author":"B Friedman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Friedman, B. (1996). Value-sensitive design. Interactions, 3(6), 16\u201323.","journal-title":"Interactions"},{"issue":"1","key":"9841_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-694X(94)90039-6","volume":"15","author":"R Ganeshan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ganeshan, R., Garrett, J., & Finger, S. (1994). A framework for representing design intent. Design Studies, 15(1), 59\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0142-694X(94)90039-6","journal-title":"Design Studies"},{"key":"9841_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gaver, W. W. (1991). Technology affordances. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Reaching through Technology - CHI \u201991, 79\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/108844.108856","DOI":"10.1145\/108844.108856"},{"key":"9841_CR20","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Toward an ecological psychology","author":"JJ Gibson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gibson, J. J. (1977). The theory of affordances. In R. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Toward an ecological psychology (pp. 67\u201382). Halsted Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"9841_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2018.06.001","volume":"56","author":"C Grange","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grange, C., Benbasat, I., & Burton-Jones, A. (2019). With a little help from my friends: Cultivating serendipity in online shopping environments. Information & Management, 56(2), 225\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.im.2018.06.001","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"9841_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004329011239","volume":"32","author":"SO Hansson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hansson, S. O. (1998). Should we avoid moral dilemmas? The Journal of Value Inquiry, 32(3), 407\u2013416.","journal-title":"The Journal of Value Inquiry"},{"issue":"6","key":"9841_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/01442872.2017.1386442","volume":"38","author":"T Hellstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hellstr\u00f6m, T., & Jacob, M. (2017). Policy instrument affordances: A framework for analysis. Policy Studies, 38(6), 604\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01442872.2017.1386442","journal-title":"Policy Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"9841_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/00222429211000344","volume":"85","author":"A Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, A., Affonso, F. M., Laran, J., & Durante, K. M. (2021). Serendipity: Chance encounters in the marketplace enhance consumer satisfaction. Journal of Marketing, 85(4), 141\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00222429211000344","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"key":"9841_CR25","unstructured":"Kim, Y. S., Noh, J. H., Kim, S. R., & others. (2013). A case study for application of design for affordance methodology using affordance feature repositories. DS 75\u20135: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED13) Design For Harmonies, Vol. 5: Design for X, Design to X, Seoul, Korea 19-22.08. 2013, 011\u2013020."},{"issue":"3","key":"9841_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-020-00401-y","volume":"34","author":"M Klenk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klenk, M. (2021). How Do Technological Artefacts Embody Moral Values? Philosophy & Technology, 34(3), 525\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-020-00401-y","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"key":"9841_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6994-6_11-1","volume-title":"Handbook of ethics, values, and technological design","author":"P Kroes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kroes, P., & van de Poel, I. (2014). Design for values and the definition, specification, and operationalization of values. In J. van den Hoven, P. E. Vermaas, & I. van de Poel (Eds.), Handbook of ethics, values, and technological design (pp. 1\u201323). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-6994-6_11-1"},{"key":"9841_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106771","volume":"97","author":"GM Lunardi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lunardi, G. M., Machado, G. M., Maran, V., & de Oliveira, J. P. M. (2020). A metric for Filter Bubble measurement in recommender algorithms considering the news domain. Applied Soft Computing, 97, Article 106771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106771","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"issue":"7","key":"9841_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23771","volume":"68","author":"C Lutz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lutz, C., Hoffmann, C. P., & Meckel, M. (2017). Online serendipity: A contextual differentiation of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68(7), 1698\u20131710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.23771","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"9841_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maccatrozzo, V. (2012). Burst the Filter Bubble: Using Semantic Web to Enable Serendipity. In P. Cudr\u00e9-Mauroux, J. Heflin, E. Sirin, T. Tudorache, J. Euzenat, M. Hauswirth, J. X. Parreira, J. Hendler, G. Schreiber, A. Bernstein, spsampsps E. Blomqvist (Eds.), The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2012 (Vol. 7650, pp. 391\u2013398). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-35173-0_28","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35173-0_28"},{"key":"9841_CR31","unstructured":"Makri, S. (2019). Serendipity is not bullshit. 4."},{"issue":"5","key":"9841_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411211256030","volume":"68","author":"S Makri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Makri, S., & Blandford, A. (2012a). Coming across information serendipitously\u2014Part 1: A process model. Journal of Documentation, 68(5), 684\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/00220411211256030","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"5","key":"9841_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411211256049","volume":"68","author":"S Makri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Makri, S., & Blandford, A. (2012b). Coming across information serendipitously\u2014Part 2: A classification framework. Journal of Documentation, 68(5), 706\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/00220411211256049","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"11","key":"9841_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23200","volume":"65","author":"S Makri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Makri, S., Blandford, A., Woods, M., Sharples, S., & Maxwell, D. (2014). \u201cMaking my own luck\u201d: Serendipity strategies and how to support them in digital information environments. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65(11), 2179\u20132194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.23200","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"9841_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29384-0_1","volume-title":"Human-computer interaction\u2014INTERACT 2019","author":"S Makri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Makri, S., Chen, Y.-C., McKay, D., Buchanan, G., & Ocepek, M. (2019). Discovering the unfindable the tension between findability and discoverability in a bookshop designed for serendipity. In D. Lamas, F. Loizides, L. Nacke, H. Petrie, M. Winckler, & P. Zaphiris (Eds.), Human-computer interaction\u2014INTERACT 2019 (Vol. 11747, pp. 3\u201323). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-29384-0_1"},{"key":"9841_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-84334-750-7.00004-2","volume-title":"Accidental information discovery","author":"S Makri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Makri, S., & Race, T. M. (2016). Serendipity in current digital information environments. In T. M. Race & S. Makri (Eds.), Accidental information discovery (pp. 53\u201380). Chandos Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-1-84334-750-7.00004-2"},{"key":"9841_CR37","volume-title":"Advanced introduction to platform economics","author":"R Mansell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mansell, R., & Steinmueller, E. (2020). Advanced introduction to platform economics. Edward Elgar Publishing."},{"issue":"3","key":"9841_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1386\/jdmp_00027_1","volume":"11","author":"EM Mazzoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mazzoli, E. M. (2020). Online content governance: Towards a framework for analysis for prominence and discoverability. Journal of Digital Media & Policy, 11(3), 301\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jdmp_00027_1","journal-title":"Journal of Digital Media & Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"9841_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23273","volume":"66","author":"L McCay-Peet","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCay-Peet, L., & Toms, E. G. (2015). Investigating serendipity: How it unfolds and what may influence it. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(7), 1463\u20131476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.23273","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9841_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.2200\/S00790ED1V01Y201707ICR059","volume":"9","author":"L McCay-Peet","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCay-Peet, L., & Toms, E. G. (2017). Researching serendipity in digital information environments. Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services, 9(6), i\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2200\/S00790ED1V01Y201707ICR059","journal-title":"Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services"},{"key":"9841_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1428-6_369","volume":"2000","author":"J McGrenere","year":"2000","unstructured":"McGrenere, J., & Ho, W. (2000). Affordances: Clarifying and evolving a concept. Graphics Interface, 2000, 179\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-1428-6_369","journal-title":"Graphics Interface"},{"key":"9841_CR42","unstructured":"Melo, R. (2018). On serendipity in the digital medium: Towards a framework for valuable unpredictability in interaction design [PhD Thesis]. Universidade do Porto."},{"key":"9841_CR43","unstructured":"Melo, R., & Carvalhais, M. (2018). The Chance of Serendipity. AISB Workshop on Cybernetic Serendipity Reimagined, at the AISB Convention, Liverpool, UK."},{"key":"9841_CR44","volume-title":"The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity","author":"RK Merton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Merton, R. K., & Barber, E. (2004). The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity. Princeton University Press."},{"key":"9841_CR45","unstructured":"Norman, D. A. (1988). The psychology of everyday things. Basic books."},{"key":"9841_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nye, B. D., spsampsps Silverman, B. G. (2012). Affordance. In N. M. Seel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 179\u2013183). Springer US. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-1428-6_369","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1428-6_369"},{"key":"9841_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1827107","volume":"2020","author":"E Olshannikova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olshannikova, E., Olsson, T., Huhtam\u00e4ki, J., Paasovaara, S., & K\u00e4rkk\u00e4inen, H. (2020). From Chance to Serendipity: Knowledge Workers\u2019 Experiences of Serendipitous Social Encounters. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2020, 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/1827107","journal-title":"Advances in Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"9841_CR48","volume-title":"The filter bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you","author":"E Pariser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. Penguin."},{"key":"9841_CR49","volume-title":"Accidental information discovery: Cultivating serendipity in the digital age","author":"TM Race","year":"2016","unstructured":"Race, T. M., & Makri, S. (2016). Accidental information discovery: Cultivating serendipity in the digital age. Chandos Publishing."},{"issue":"2","key":"9841_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-018-9496-y","volume":"21","author":"U Reviglio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reviglio, U. (2019). Serendipity as an emerging design principle of the infosphere: Challenges and opportunities. Ethics and Information Technology, 21(2), 151\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-018-9496-y","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"9841_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-33529-7_8","volume-title":"Serendipity science","author":"U Reviglio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reviglio, U. (2023). Serendipity as a design principle of personalization systems\u2014theoretical distinctions. In S. Copeland, W. Ross, & M. Sand (Eds.), Serendipity science (pp. 145\u2013165). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-33529-7_8"},{"issue":"1","key":"9841_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.14504701409","volume":"47","author":"VL Rubin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rubin, V. L., Burkell, J., & Quan-Haase, A. (2010). Everyday serendipity as described in social media. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 47(1), 1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/meet.14504701409","journal-title":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9841_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410710723911","volume":"63","author":"E Sadler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sadler, E., & Given, L. M. (2007). Affordance theory: A framework for graduate students\u2019 information behavior. Journal of Documentation, 63(1), 115\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/00220410710723911","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"3","key":"9841_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-12-2021-0234","volume":"79","author":"A Smets","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smets, A. (2023). Designing for serendipity: A means or an end? Journal of Documentation, 79(3), 589\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JD-12-2021-0234","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"9841_CR70","unstructured":"Smets, A. (2022). Serendipity as a Shared Value in Urban Recommender Systems [PhD Thesis]. Vrije Universiteit Brussel."},{"key":"9841_CR55","first-page":"46","volume":"3222","author":"A Smets","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smets, A., Michiels, L., Bogers, T., & Bj\u00f6rneborn, L. (2022). Serendipity in recommender systems beyond the algorithm: A feature repository and experimental design. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3222, 46\u201366.","journal-title":"CEUR Workshop Proceedings"},{"key":"9841_CR56","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen, J. K., & Hutchinson, J. (2018). Algorithms and public service media. In Public Service Media in the Networked Society: RIPE@ 2017 (pp. 91\u2013106). Nordicom."},{"issue":"3","key":"9841_CR57","first-page":"16","volume":"16","author":"X Sun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sun, X., Sharples, S., & Makri, S. (2011). A user-centred mobile diary study approach to understanding serendipity in information research. Information Research, 16(3), 16\u201323.","journal-title":"Information Research"},{"key":"9841_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taramigkou, M., Bothos, E., Apostolou, D., & Mentzas, G. (2013). Fostering serendipity in online information systems. 2013 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE) & IEEE International Technology Management Conference, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ITMC.2013.7352707","DOI":"10.1109\/ITMC.2013.7352707"},{"issue":"2","key":"9841_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1093\/bjps\/45.2.631","volume":"45","author":"P Van Andel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Van Andel, P. (1994). Anatomy of the unsought finding. Serendipity: Origin, history, domains, traditions, appearances, patterns and programmability. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 45(2), 631\u2013648.","journal-title":"The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science"},{"key":"9841_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7762-0_20","volume-title":"Philosophy and engineering: Reflections on practice, principles and process","author":"I van de Poel","year":"2013","unstructured":"van de Poel, I. (2013). Translating values into design requirements. Philosophy and engineering: Reflections on practice, principles and process (pp. 253\u2013266). Springer."},{"key":"9841_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6994-6_5-1","volume-title":"Handbook of ethics, values, and technological design: Sources, theory, values and application domains","author":"I van de Poel","year":"2014","unstructured":"van de Poel, I. (2014). Conflicting values in design for values. In J. van den Hoven, P. E. Vermaas, & I. van de Poel (Eds.), Handbook of ethics, values, and technological design: Sources, theory, values and application domains (pp. 1\u201323). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-6994-6_5-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"9841_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-020-09537-4","volume":"30","author":"I van de Poel","year":"2020","unstructured":"van de Poel, I. (2020). Embedding values in artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Minds and Machines, 30(3), 385\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-020-09537-4","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"key":"9841_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7914-3_7","volume-title":"The moral status of technical artefacts","author":"I van de Poel","year":"2014","unstructured":"van de Poel, I., & Kroes, P. (2014). Can technology embody values? In P. Kroes & P.-P. Verbeek (Eds.), The moral status of technical artefacts (Vol. 17, pp. 103\u2013124). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-7914-3_7"},{"issue":"6","key":"9841_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1177\/0163443717734407","volume":"40","author":"H Van den Bulck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van den Bulck, H., & Moe, H. (2018). Public service media, universality and personalisation through algorithms: Mapping strategies and exploring dilemmas. Media, Culture & Society, 40(6), 875\u2013892.","journal-title":"Media, Culture & Society"},{"key":"9841_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Zou, Y., Dai, A., Hou, L., Qiao, N., Zou, L., Ma, M., Ding, Z., & Xu, S. (2023). An Industrial Framework for Personalized Serendipitous Recommendation in E-commerce. Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, 1015\u20131018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3604915.3610234","DOI":"10.1145\/3604915.3610234"},{"key":"9841_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Waugh, S., McKay, D., & Makri, S. (2017). \u201cToo Much Serendipity\u201d: The Tension between Information Seeking and Encountering at the Library Shelves. Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval, 277\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3020165.3022132","DOI":"10.1145\/3020165.3022132"},{"issue":"1","key":"9841_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.10.007","volume":"47","author":"O Yaqub","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yaqub, O. (2018). Serendipity: Towards a taxonomy and a theory. Research Policy, 47(1), 169\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respol.2017.10.007","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"9841_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2006.07.002","volume":"28","author":"H You","year":"2007","unstructured":"You, H., & Chen, K. (2007). Applications of affordance and semantics in product design. Design Studies, 28(1), 23\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.destud.2006.07.002","journal-title":"Design Studies"}],"container-title":["Ethics and Information Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-025-09841-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10676-025-09841-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10676-025-09841-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T05:46:00Z","timestamp":1758260760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10676-025-09841-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-025-09841-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1388-1957"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-8439"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 June 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"33"}}