{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T04:26:36Z","timestamp":1769919996585,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,7]],"date-time":"2011-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geoinformatica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10707-011-0131-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]],"date-time":"2011-07-06T05:26:12Z","timestamp":1309929972000},"page":"281-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Automatic classification of building types in 3D city models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Henn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"R\u00f6mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Gr\u00f6ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Pl\u00fcmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"131_CR1","volume-title":"Introduction to machine learning","author":"E Alpaydin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alpaydin E (2004) Introduction to machine learning. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA"},{"key":"131_CR2","first-page":"11:1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th workshop on geographic information retrieval","author":"M Baldauf","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baldauf M, Simon R (2010) Getting context on the go: mobile urban exploration with ambient tag clouds. In: Proceedings of the 6th workshop on geographic information retrieval, ACM, New York, NY, pp 11:1\u201311:2. doi: 10.1145\/1722080.1722094"},{"key":"131_CR3","volume-title":"Pattern recognition and machine learning","author":"C Bishop","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bishop C (2007) Pattern recognition and machine learning. Springer, New York, NY"},{"key":"131_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804441","volume-title":"Convex optimization","author":"S Boyd","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boyd S, Vandenberghe L (2004) Convex optimization. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA"},{"key":"131_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1145\/342009.335388","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data","author":"M Breunig","year":"2000","unstructured":"Breunig M, Kriegel HP, Ng R, Sander J (2000) LOF: identifying density-based local outliers. In: Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, ACM, New York, NY, pp 93\u2013104. doi: 10.1145\/342009.335388"},{"key":"131_CR6","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th international conference on machine learning","author":"K Brinker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brinker K (2003) Incorporating diversity in active learning with support vector machines. In: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on machine learning, ACM, New York, NY, pp 59\u201366"},{"key":"131_CR7","unstructured":"Chang CC, Lin CJ (2001) LIBSVM: a library for support vector Machines. Software available at http:\/\/www.csie.ntu.edu.tw\/~cjlin\/libsvm . Accessed 3 February 2011"},{"key":"131_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262033589.001.0001","volume-title":"Semi-supervised learning","author":"O Chapelle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chapelle O, Sch\u00f6lkopf B, Zien A (2006) Semi-supervised learning. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass"},{"issue":"6","key":"131_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2007.894550","volume":"45","author":"M Chi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chi M, Bruzzone L (2007) Semi-supervised classification of hyperspectral images by SVMs optimized in the primal. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 45(6):1870\u20131880. doi: 10.1109\/TGRS.2007.894550","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"issue":"1","key":"131_CR10","first-page":"90","volume":"2","author":"A Czerwinski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Czerwinski A, Sandmann S, St\u00f6cker-Meier E, Pl\u00fcmer L (2007) Sustainable SDI for EU noise mapping in NRW \u2013 best practice for INSPIRE. Int J Spat Data Infrastruct Res (IJSDIR) 2(1):90\u2013111","journal-title":"Int J Spat Data Infrastruct Res (IJSDIR)"},{"key":"131_CR11","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6ger G, Kolbe TH, Czerwinski A, Nagel C (2008) OpenGIS City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) Encoding Standard. Version 1.0.0, Open Geospatial Consortium, OGC Doc. No. 08-007r1"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"131_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012487302797","volume":"46","author":"I Guyon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guyon I, Weston J, Barnhill S, Vapnik V (2002) Gene selection for cancer classification using support vector machines. Mach Learn 46(1-3):389\u2013422","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"131_CR13","unstructured":"Haitao L, Haiyan G, Yanshun H, Jinghui Y (2007) Fusion of high-resolution aerial imagery and Lidar data for object-oriented urban land-cover classification based on SVM. In: Jiang J, Zhao R (eds) Proceedings of the ISPRS workshop on updating geo-spatial databases with imagery & the 5th ISPRS workshop on dynamic and multi-dimensional GIS, ISPRS, Urumqi, China, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, vol XXXVI, pp 111\u2013119"},{"key":"131_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu CW, Lin CJ (2002) A comparison of methods for multiclass support vector machines. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 13, Issue:2(2):415\u2013425. doi: 10.1109\/72.991427","DOI":"10.1109\/72.991427"},{"key":"131_CR15","unstructured":"Hsu CW, Chang CC, Lin CJ (2003) A practical guide to support vector classification. Tech. rep., Department of Computer Science, National Taiwan University"},{"issue":"1","key":"131_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10707-009-0077-4","volume":"14","author":"B Huang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huang B, Xie C, Tay R (2010) Support vector machines for urban growth modeling. GeoInformatica 14(1):83\u201399. doi: 10.1007\/s10707-009-0077-4","journal-title":"GeoInformatica"},{"key":"131_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03976-2","volume-title":"Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in linead models","author":"KR Koch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Koch KR (1999) Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in linead models. Springer Verlang, Bonn"},{"key":"131_CR18","series-title":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing book series","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Geospatial information technology for emergency response, vol\u00a06","author":"TH Kolbe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kolbe TH, Gr\u00f6ger G, Pl\u00fcmer L (2008) CityGML - 3D city models for emergency response. In: Zlatanova S, Li J (eds) Geospatial information technology for emergency response, vol\u00a06. Taylor & Francis, London, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing book series, pp 257\u2013274"},{"key":"131_CR19","first-page":"567","volume-title":"Proceedings of international symposium on 3D data processing visualization and transmission","author":"SK Lodha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lodha SK, Kreps EJ, Helmbold DP, Fitzpatrick D (2006) Aerial lidar data classification using support vector machines (SVM). In: Proceedings of international symposium on 3D data processing visualization and transmission, IEEE Computer Society, Chapel Hill, USA, pp 567\u2013574. doi: 10.1109\/3DPVT.2006.23"},{"key":"131_CR20","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68566-1_26","volume-title":"Headway in spatial data handling: 13th international symposium on spatial data handling","author":"P L\u00fcscher","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00fcscher P, Weibel R, Mackaness A (2008) Where is the terraced house? On the use of ontologies for recognition of urban concepts in cartographic databases. In: Ruas A, Gold C (eds) Headway in spatial data handling: 13th international symposium on spatial data handling. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 449\u2013466"},{"issue":"5","key":"131_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2009.07.005","volume":"33","author":"P L\u00fcscher","year":"2009","unstructured":"L\u00fcscher P, Weibel R, Burghardt D (2009) Integrating ontological modelling and bayesian inference for pattern classification in topographic vector data. Comput Environ Urban 33(5):363\u2013374. doi: 10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2009.07.005","journal-title":"Comput Environ Urban"},{"key":"131_CR22","unstructured":"Malpica J, Alonso M (2009) Identification of vegetation changes using bi-temporal SPOT 5 images. In: Proceedings of ASPRS 2009 annual conference Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"issue":"2","key":"131_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2008.2009324","volume":"6","author":"M Marconcini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marconcini M, Camps-Valls G, Bruzzone L (2009) A composite semisupervised SVM for classification of hyperspectral images. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 6(2):234\u2013238. doi: 10.1109\/LGRS.2008.2009324","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett"},{"key":"131_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1145\/1150402.1150531","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining","author":"I Mierswa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mierswa I, Wurst M, Klinkenberg R, Scholz M, Euler T (2006) YALE: Rapid prototyping for complex data mining tasks. In: Ungar L, Craven M, Gunopulos D, Eliassi-Rad T (eds) Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp 935\u2013940"},{"key":"131_CR25","series-title":"McGraw-Hill Series in Computer Science","volume-title":"Machine learning","author":"T Mitchell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mitchell T (2004) Machine learning. McGraw-Hill Series in Computer Science, McGraw-Hill, New York"},{"issue":"2","key":"131_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1109\/72.914517","volume":"12","author":"KR Muller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Muller KR, Mika S, Ratsch G, Tsuda K, Scholkopf B (2001) An introduction to kernel-based learning algorithms. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 12(2):181\u2013201. doi: 10.1109\/72.914517","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"131_CR27","first-page":"727","volume-title":"Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on machine learning (ICML 2000)","author":"D Pelleg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pelleg D, Moore A (2000) X-means: extending K-means with efficient estimation of the number of clusters. In: Langley P (ed) Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on machine learning (ICML 2000). Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, pp 727\u2013734"},{"key":"131_CR28","unstructured":"Platt J (1998) Sequential minimal optimization: a fast algorithm for training support vector machines. Tech. Rep. MSR-TR-98-14, Microsoft Research"},{"key":"131_CR29","unstructured":"Quinn J, Smart P, Jones C (2009) 3D city registration and enrichment. In: Proceedings of ISPRS workshop on quality, scale and analysis aspects of urban city models, Lund, Sweden"},{"issue":"5","key":"131_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1127\/1432-8364\/2010\/0063","volume":"2010","author":"C R\u00f6mer","year":"2010","unstructured":"R\u00f6mer C, Pl\u00fcmer L (2010) Identifying architectural style in 3d city models with support vector machines. Photogramm Fernerkund Geoinf (PFG) 2010(5)(14):371\u2013384. doi: 10.1127\/1432-8364\/2010\/0063","journal-title":"Photogramm Fernerkund Geoinf (PFG)"},{"key":"131_CR31","unstructured":"R\u00f6mer C, B\u00fcrling K, Rumpf T, Hunsche M, Noga G, Pl\u00fcmer L (2010) Early identification of leaf rust on wheat leaves with robust fitting of hyperspectral signatures. In: Proceedings of 10th international conference precision agriculture, Denver, USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"131_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2010.06.009","volume":"74","author":"T Rumpf","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rumpf T, Mahlein AK, Steiner U, Oerke EC, Dehne HW, Pl\u00fcmer L (2010) Early detection and classification of plant diseases with support vector machines based on hyperspectral reflectance. Comput Electron Agric 74(1):91\u201399. doi: 10.1016\/j.compag.2010.06.009","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"issue":"4","key":"131_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2009.09.006","volume":"7","author":"S Schenk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schenk S, Saathoff C, Staab S, Scherp A (2009) Semaplorer\u2013interactive semantic exploration of data and media based on a federated cloud infrastructure. J Web Semant 7(4):298\u2013304. doi: 10.1016\/j.websem.2009.09.006","journal-title":"J Web Semant"},{"key":"131_CR34","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Urban and regional data management: Udms annual 2009: proceedings of the urban data management society symposium 2009","author":"J Schmittwilken","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schmittwilken J, D\u00f6rschlag D, Pl\u00fcmer L (2009) Attribute grammar for 3D city models. In: Krek A, Rumor M, Zlatanova S, Fendel EM (eds) Urban and regional data management: Udms annual 2009: proceedings of the urban data management society symposium 2009, CRC Press, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp 49\u201358"},{"key":"131_CR35","first-page":"18","volume":"7","author":"B Sch\u00f6lkopf","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6lkopf B (1998) Support vector machines. IEEE Intell Syst 7:18\u201328","journal-title":"IEEE Intell Syst"},{"key":"131_CR36","volume-title":"Learning with kernels: Support vector machines, regularization, optimization, and beyond. Adaptive computation and machine learning","author":"B Sch\u00f6lkopf","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6lkopf B, Smola A (2002) Learning with kernels: Support vector machines, regularization, optimization, and beyond. Adaptive computation and machine learning, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass"},{"key":"131_CR37","first-page":"1193","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems 17","author":"B Sch\u00f6lkopf","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6lkopf B, Giesen J, Spalinger S (2005) Kernel Methods for implicit surface modeling. In: Saul L, Weiss Y, Bottou L (eds) Advances in neural information processing systems 17, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, pp 1193\u20131200"},{"issue":"2","key":"131_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136","volume":"6","author":"G Schwarz","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schwarz G (1978) Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann Stat 6(2):461\u2013464","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"131_CR39","first-page":"64","volume":"8","author":"H Shafri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shafri H, Ramle F (2009) A comparison of support vector machine and decision tree classifications using satellite data of Langkawi Island. IT J 8(1):64\u201370. doi: 10.3923\/itj.2009.64.70","journal-title":"IT J"},{"key":"131_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shuhe Z (2004) Remote sensing data fusion using support vector machine. In: Proceedings of IEEE international geoscience and remote sensing symposium, 2004. IGARSS \u201904, Piscataway, NJ, pp 2575\u20132578. doi: 10.1109\/IGARSS.2004.1369823","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2004.1369823"},{"issue":"12","key":"131_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.70.12.1365","volume":"70","author":"M Song","year":"2004","unstructured":"Song M, Civco D (2004) Road extraction using SVM and image segmentation. Photogramm Eng Remote Sensing 70(12):1365\u20131371","journal-title":"Photogramm Eng Remote Sensing"},{"key":"131_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195076363.001.0001","volume-title":"Business geography and new real estate market analysis. Spatial information systems","author":"G Thrall","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thrall G (2002) Business geography and new real estate market analysis. Spatial information systems, Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"131_CR43","volume-title":"Statistical learning theory. A Wiley-Interscience publication","author":"V Vapnik","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vapnik V (1998) Statistical learning theory. A Wiley-Interscience publication, Wiley, New York"},{"key":"131_CR44","unstructured":"Weis M, Rumpf T, Gerhards R, Pl\u00fcmer L (2009) Comparison of different classification algorithms for weed detection from images based on shape parameters, In: Image analysis for agricultural products and processes, Bornimer Agrartechnische Berichte, vol 69, pp 53\u201364"},{"key":"131_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6029","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160802220151","volume":"29","author":"R Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang R, Ma J (2008) An improved SVM method P-SVM for classification of remotely sensed data. Int J Remote Sens 29:6029\u20136036. doi: 10.1080\/01431160802220151","journal-title":"Int J Remote Sens"}],"container-title":["GeoInformatica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10707-011-0131-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10707-011-0131-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10707-011-0131-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T17:20:59Z","timestamp":1638033659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10707-011-0131-x"}},"subtitle":["Using SVMs for semantic enrichment of low resolution building data"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10707-011-0131-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1384-6175","1573-7624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1384-6175","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,7]]}}}