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However, the implications of criteria used to determine affinity between tags with respect evolutionary dynamics have not been directly studied. We investigate differences between tag-matching criteria with respect to geometric constraint and variation generated under mutation. In experiments, we find that tag-matching criteria can influence the rate of adaptive evolution and the quality of evolved solutions. Better understanding of the geometric, variational, and evolutionary properties of tag-matching criteria will facilitate more effective incorporation of tag matching into genetic programming and artificial life systems. By showing that tag-matching criteria influence connectivity patterns and evolutionary dynamics, our findings also raise fundamental questions about the properties of tag-matching systems in nature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10710-023-09448-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T20:03:01Z","timestamp":1679688181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Matchmaker, matchmaker, make me a match: geometric, variational, and evolutionary implications of criteria for tag affinity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4726-4479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Andres","family":"Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lalejini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Ofria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"9448_CR1","first-page":"47","volume":"3","author":"L Altenberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"L. 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Software written for these experiments is available at  and .","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}}],"article-number":"4"}}