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Spatial genetic programming (SGP) is a GP paradigm that includes space as a fundamental dimension to evolve along with linear genetic programming programs. Here, the spatial blueprint dictates the program\u2019s execution sequence. Despite prior SGP iterations showcasing good performance in solving decision-making problems, the complete spatial mode\u2019s efficacy and the consequential spatial ramifications remain ambiguous. This study embarks on a two-pronged approach: We start with SGP\u2019s application to a comprehensive subset of symbolic regression problems, taken from Feynman\u2019s physics lectures, then deepen the study by an extensive analysis to show the spatial dimension\u2019s impact on the evolution of SGP models. Our intention is to primarily focuses on the spatial dimension\u2019s influence on generational diversity and the emergence of spatially-induced localization within the system. We propose a suite of spatial evolutionary operators that should offer insights into leveraging SGP as a tool to examine spatial impacts within problem-solving techniques. Preliminary results indicate that spatial constructs can indeed serve as a leverage to enhance the evolution of better models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10710-025-09532-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T04:45:12Z","timestamp":1770612312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analyzing the impact of space in evolving spatially represented genetic programming models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Iliya","family":"Miralavy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Banzhaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9532_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900590102","volume":"59","author":"G Bonin","year":"1934","unstructured":"G. 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