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There are two main ways to virtualize either using virtual machines or containers. Both have a series of characteristics and applications, sometimes being not compatible with each other. Not to lose the advantages of each of them, there is a trend to load data centers by nesting containers in virtual machines. Although there are good experiences at a functional level, the performance and energy consumption trade-off of these solutions is not completely clear. Therefore, it is necessary to study how this new trend affects both energy consumption and performance. In this work, we present an experimental study aimed to investigate the behavior of nesting containers in virtual machines while executing CPU-intensive workloads. Our objective is to understand what performance and energy nesting configurations are equivalent or not. In this way, administrators will be able to manage their data centers more efficiently.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-024-09782-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T09:02:39Z","timestamp":1729242159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Goodness of Nesting Containers in Virtual Machines for Server Consolidation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Belen","family":"Bermejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Juiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Carla","family":"Calzarossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Cloud Computing: Principles and Paradigms","year":"2011","key":"9782_CR1","unstructured":"Buyya, R., Broberg, J., Goscinski, A.M. 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Please check the Instructions for Authors of the journal to which you are submitting to see if you need to complete this section. If yes, your manuscript must contain the following sections under the heading \u2018Declarations\u2019:","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare ni competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Materials Availability"}}],"article-number":"67"}}