{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T05:23:59Z","timestamp":1772342639858,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62107023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62107023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Program of the Ministry of Education","award":["21YJC880076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21YJC880076"]}]},{"name":"Philosophy and Social Science Research project of Jiangsu Higher Education","award":["2021SJA0247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SJA0247"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Research Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution","award":["21KJB120012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJB120012"]}]},{"name":"project of the 14th Five-Year Plan of Jiangsu Provincial Education Science","award":["D\/2021\/01\/123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D\/2021\/01\/123"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tech Know Learn"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-022-09597-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T19:02:43Z","timestamp":1648494163000},"page":"1063-1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Affective State Analysis During Online Learning Based on Learning Behavior Data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4125-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"9597_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ak\u00e7ap\u0131nar, G., Altun, A., & A\u015fkar, P. (2019). Using learning analytics to develop early-warning system for at-risk students. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1). Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-019-0172-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-019-0172-z"},{"key":"9597_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anthony, B., Kamaludin, A., Romli, A., Raffei, A. F. M., Phon, D. N. A. L. E., Abdullah, A., & Ming, G. L. (2020). Blended learning adoption and implementation in higher education: A theoretical and systematic review. Technology, Knowledge and Learning. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10758-020-09477-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-020-09477-z"},{"key":"9597_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baker, R. S., & Inventado, P. S. (2014). Educational data mining and learning analytics. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-3305-7_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3305-7_4"},{"issue":"1","key":"9597_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00003","volume":"8","author":"LF Barrett","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barrett, L. F., & Russell, J. A. (1999). The structure of current affect: Controversies and emerging consensus. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(1), 10\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8721.00003","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"9597_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255184","volume":"16","author":"X Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, X., Zou, D., Kohnke, L., Xie, H., & Cheng, G. (2021). Affective states in digital game-based learning: Thematic evolution and social network analysis. PLoS ONE, 16(7), 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0255184","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"9597_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1086\/422114","volume":"31","author":"JB Cohen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cohen, J. B., & Andradea, E. B. (2004). Affective intuition and task contingent affect regulation. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(2), 358\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/422114","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"20","key":"9597_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2019.1595303","volume":"35","author":"A Eldenfria","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eldenfria, A., & Al-Samarraie, H. (2019). Towards an Online Continuous Adaptation Mechanism (OCAM) for enhanced engagement: An EEG study. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 35(20), 1960\u20131974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2019.1595303","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"9597_CR8","unstructured":"Evans, J. R., & Lindner, C. H. (2012). Business analytics: the next frontier for decision sciences. Decision Line, 43(2), 4\u20136. http:\/\/www.cbpp.uaa.alaska.edu\/afef\/business_analytics.htm"},{"key":"9597_CR9","unstructured":"Forgas, J.P., Eich, E. (2012). Affective influences on cognition: Mood congruence, mood dependence, and mood effects on processing strategies. Handbook of Psychology, pp. 61\u201382."},{"issue":"2","key":"9597_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013386","volume":"64","author":"U Hess","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hess, U., & Thibault, P. (2009). Darwin and emotion expression. American Psychologist., 64(2), 120\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0013386","journal-title":"American Psychologist."},{"issue":"2","key":"9597_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/1475939X.2020.1737568","volume":"29","author":"CE Holbrey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holbrey, C. E. (2020). Kahoot! Using a game-based approach to blended learning to support effective learning environments and student engagement in traditional lecture theatres. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 29(2), 191\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1475939X.2020.1737568","journal-title":"Technology, Pedagogy and Education"},{"key":"9597_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10758-021-09541-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-021-09541-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"9597_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.52.6.1122","volume":"52","author":"AM Isen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., & Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(6), 1122\u20131131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.52.6.1122","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9597_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.48.6.1413","volume":"48","author":"AM Isen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Isen, A. M., Johnson, M. M. S., Mertz, E., & Robinson, G. F. (1985). The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(6), 1413\u20131426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.48.6.1413","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"9597_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcce.2020.12.003","volume":"2","author":"P Kaur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaur, P., Kumar, H., & Kaushal, S. (2021). Affective state and learning environment based analysis of students\u2019 performance in online assessment. International Journal of Cognitive Computing in Engineering, 2, 12\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcce.2020.12.003","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Computing in Engineering"},{"key":"9597_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kew, S. N., & Tasir, Z. (2021). Learning analytics in online learning environment: A systematic review on the focuses and the types of student-related analytics data. Technology, Knowledge and Learning: Learning Mathematics, Science and the Arts in the Context of Digital Technologies.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-021-09541-2"},{"key":"9597_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.05.264","volume":"85","author":"LB Krithika","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krithika, L. B., & Lakshmi, P. G. G. (2016). Student emotion recognition system (SERS) for e-learning improvement based on learner concentration metric. Procedia Computer Science, 85, 767\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2016.05.264","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"9597_CR18","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Technology in Mental Health Care Delivery Systems","author":"PJ Lang","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lang, P. J. (1980). Behavioral treatment and bio-behavioral assessment: Computer applications. In J. B. Sidowski, J. H. Johnson, & T. H. Williams (Eds.), Technology in Mental Health Care Delivery Systems (pp. 119\u2013137). Ablex."},{"key":"9597_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehman, B., Matthews, M., DMello, S., Person, N. (2008). What are you feeling? investigating student affective states during expert human tutoring sessions. In: International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp. 50\u201359. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007%2F978-3-540-69132-7_10.pdf","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69132-7_10"},{"key":"9597_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-021-09569-4","author":"MX Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, M. X., Nadj, M., Maedche, A., et al. (2021). Towards a physiological computing infrastructure for researching students\u2019 flow in remote learning. Technical Knowledge of Learning. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10758-021-09569-4","journal-title":"Technical Knowledge of Learning"},{"key":"9597_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-020-09439-5","volume":"25","author":"K Mohan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohan, K., Bergner, Y., & Halpin, P. (2020). Predicting group performance using process data in a collaborative assessment. Tech Know Learn, 25, 367\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10758-020-09439-5","journal-title":"Tech Know Learn"},{"issue":"5","key":"9597_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13005","volume":"51","author":"J Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon, J., Ke, F., & Sokolikj, Z. (2020). Automatic assessment of cognitive and emotional states in virtual reality-based flexibility training for four adolescents with autism. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(5), 1766\u20131784.","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9597_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2009.12","volume":"2","author":"C Moridis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moridis, C., & Economides, A. A. (2009). Mood recognition during online self-assessment test. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2(1), 50\u201361.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies"},{"key":"9597_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pardos, Z. A., Baker, R. S. J. D., San Pedro, M. O. C. Z., Gowda, S. M., & Gowda, S. M. (2014). Affective states and state tests: Investigating how affect and engagement during the school year predict end-of-year learning outcomes. Journal of Learning Analytics, 1(1), 107\u2013128.","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2014.11.6"},{"key":"9597_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qi-rong, C. (2010). Research on intelligent tutoring system based on affective model. Proceedings of the second international conference on multimedia and information technology (MMIT), IEEE, 7\u20139. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MMIT.2010.127","DOI":"10.1109\/MMIT.2010.127"},{"key":"9597_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/LACLO.2016.7751770","volume":"44","author":"EM Queiroga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Queiroga, E. M., Cechinel, C., Matsumura, A. R., & da Costa Bretanha, G. (2016). Generating models to predict at-risk students in technical e-learning courses. XI Latin American Conference on Learning Objects and Technology, 44, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LACLO.2016.7751770","journal-title":"XI Latin American Conference on Learning Objects and Technology"},{"key":"9597_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.01.015","volume":"120","author":"RCD Reis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reis, R. C. D., Isotani, S., Rodriguez, C. L., Lyra, K. T., Jaques, P. A., & Bittencourt, I. I. (2018). Affective states in computer-supported collaborative learning: Studying the past to drive the future. Computers & Education, 120, 29\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.01.015","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9597_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.05.005","volume":"139","author":"K Scheiter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scheiter, K., Schubert, C., Sch\u00fcler, A., Schmidt, H., Zimmermann, G., Wassermann, B., Krebs, M.-C., & Eder, T. (2019). Adaptive multimedia: Using gaze-contingent instructional guidance to provide personalized processing support. Computers & Education, 139, 31\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.05.005","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"9597_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003058731-4","volume":"23","author":"N Schwarz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schwarz, N., & Herbert, B. (1991). Happy and mindless, but sad and smart? The impact of affective states on analytic reasoning. Emotion and Social Judgments, 23, 55\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003058731-4","journal-title":"Emotion and Social Judgments"},{"key":"9597_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2014.03.006","volume":"32","author":"GD Sideridis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sideridis, G. D., Kaplan, A., Papadopoulos, C., & Anastasiadis, V. (2014). The affective experience of normative-performance and outcome goal pursuit: Physiological, observed, and self-report indicators. Learning and Individual Differences, 32, 114\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lindif.2014.03.006","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"key":"9597_CR31","unstructured":"Sottilare, R.A., Proctor, M. (2012). Passively classifying student mood and performance within intelligent tutors. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 15 (2), 101\u2013114."},{"key":"9597_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_42","volume":"12163","author":"K Ten\u00f3rio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ten\u00f3rio, K., Dermeval, D., Monteiro, M., Peixoto, A., & Pedro, A. (2020). Raising teachers empowerment in gamification design of adaptive learning systems: A qualitative research. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 12163, 524\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_42","journal-title":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"9597_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2018.1451306","volume":"33","author":"AH Threadgill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Threadgill, A. H., & Gable, P. A. (2019). Negative affect varying in motivational intensity influences scope of memory. Cognition and Emotion, 33(2), 332\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699931.2018.1451306","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"9597_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2013.10.019","volume":"55","author":"F Tian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tian, F., Gao, P., Li, L., Zhang, W., Liang, H., Qian, Y., & Zhao, R. (2014). Recognizing and regulating e-learners\u2019 emotions based on interactive Chinese texts in e-learning systems. Knowledge-Based Systems, 55, 148\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2013.10.019","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"issue":"9","key":"9597_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.02.083","volume":"38","author":"SL Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang, S. L., & Wu, C. Y. (2011). Application of context-aware and personalized recommendation to implement an adaptive ubiquitous learning system. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(9), 10831\u201310838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.02.083","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"3","key":"9597_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12408","volume":"36","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Y., & Liu, Q. (2020). Effects of online teaching presence on students\u2019 interactions and collaborative knowledge construction. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(3), 370\u2013382.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"9597_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12633","volume":"50","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Liu, Q., Chen, W., Wang, Q., & Stein, D. (2019). Effects of instructor\u2019s facial expressions on students\u2019 learning with video lectures. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(3), 1381\u20131395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.12633","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"9597_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.12.003","volume":"125","author":"D Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang, D., Alsadoon, A., Prasad, P. W. C., Singh, A. K., & Elchouemi, A. (2018). An emotion recognition model based on facial recognition in virtual learning environment. Procedia Computer Science, 125, 2\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2017.12.003","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"9597_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09828-8","volume":"68","author":"M Zotou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zotou, M., Tambouris, E., & Tarabanis, K. (2020). Data-driven problem based learning: Enhancing problem based learning with learning analytics. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68, 3393\u20133424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-020-09828-8","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"}],"container-title":["Technology, Knowledge and Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10758-022-09597-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10758-022-09597-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10758-022-09597-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T17:13:05Z","timestamp":1690218785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10758-022-09597-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10758-022-09597-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-1662","2211-1670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-1662","type":"print"},{"value":"2211-1670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author declares that there is no competing interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}