{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T04:40:01Z","timestamp":1748061601636,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005376","name":"Mid Sweden University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005376","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tech Know Learn"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The present study connects broad educational conceptualizations of teaching method challenges with a detailed and innovative approach to students and teacher collaboration seen in cognitive stress measurements from wearable devices. The approach encompasses variances of collaborative performance in schools through uniquely correlated variables of temporal slopes that highlight the contrast between traditional teaching methods in front and active teaching that emphasize social groups and peer tutoring support. Such contrast may inform collaborative dynamics in education settings, as a stressful environment may serve as a condition that impair student learning and make teachers job more difficult.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Each participant was given one wearable for their wrist in naturalistic setting, and a Bayesian cross-classified multilevel model building on posterior distribution between 46 teaching method clusters averaging 832s in length was utilized while accounting for within-level participant stress differences alongside contextual elements. Statistically significant results generally indicate benefits to more traditional teaching methods. Robust estimates were observed where students adapting to the teacher consequently increased their stress levels, emphasizing the importance of letting students actively dictate the mood and rhythm. The presented approach has potential to integrate with further research scaled up for automated contextualized adaptation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-025-09832-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T05:03:00Z","timestamp":1743397380000},"page":"861-881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Collaborative Dynamics and Psychophysiological Variances in Teaching Methods Measured Through Teacher-Students Compliance: A Cross-Classified Multilevel Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9803-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Gunnars","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"9832_CR1","volume-title":"Power and prediction: The disruptive economics of artificial intelligence","author":"A Agrawal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Agrawal, A., Gans, J., & Goldfarb, A. (2022). Power and prediction: The disruptive economics of artificial intelligence. Harvard Business Press."},{"issue":"7","key":"9832_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159178","volume":"11","author":"L Ahonen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahonen, L., Cowley, B., Torniainen, J., Ukkonen, A., Vihavainen, A., & Puolam\u00e4ki, K. (2016). Cognitive collaboration found in cardiac physiology: Study in classroom environment. PLoS ONE, 11(7), e0159178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0159178","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4504","key":"9832_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6166045","volume":"213","author":"S Akselrod","year":"1981","unstructured":"Akselrod, S., Gordon, D., Ubel, F. A., Shannon, D. C., Berger, A. C., & Cohen, R. J. (1981). Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: A quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control. Science, 213(4504), 220\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.6166045","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9832_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Arriba-P\u00e9rez, F., Caeiro-Rodr\u00edguez, M., & Santos-Gago, J. M. (2017). Towards the use of commercial wrist wearables in education. In: 2017 4th Experiment@ International Conference (Exp.at\u201917), 323\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EXPAT.2017.7984354","DOI":"10.1109\/EXPAT.2017.7984354"},{"issue":"5","key":"9832_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2005.07.008","volume":"15","author":"A Assor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Assor, A., Kaplan, H., Kanat-Maymon, Y., & Roth, G. (2005). Directly controlling teacher behaviors as predictors of poor motivation and engagement in girls and boys: The role of anger and anxiety. Learning and Instruction, 15(5), 397\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2005.07.008","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"9832_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.03.025","volume":"96","author":"R Azevedo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azevedo, R., & Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D. (2019). Analyzing multimodal multichannel data about self-regulated learning with advanced learning technologies: Issues and challenges. Computers in Human Behavior, 96, 207\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2019.03.025","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"9832_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2020.100661","volume":"12","author":"KM Barker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barker, K. M., Dunn, E. C., Richmond, T. K., Ahmed, S., Hawrilenko, M., & Evans, C. R. (2020). Cross-classified multilevel models (CCMM) in health research: A systematic review of published empirical studies and recommendations for best practices. SSM - Population Health, 12, 100661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2020.100661","journal-title":"SSM - Population Health"},{"key":"9832_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2023.101822","volume":"88","author":"I Buri\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buri\u0107, I., & Frenzel, A. C. (2023). Teacher emotions are linked with teaching quality: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from two field studies. Learning and Instruction, 88, 101822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2023.101822","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"9832_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315775371","volume-title":"Applied behavior analysis in early childhood education: An introduction to evidence-based interventions and teaching strategies","author":"LB Casey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Casey, L. B., & Carter, S. L. (2016). Applied behavior analysis in early childhood education: An introduction to evidence-based interventions and teaching strategies. Routledge."},{"key":"9832_CR10","volume-title":"Research methods in education","author":"L Cohen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education. Routledge."},{"key":"9832_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2023.101748","volume":"86","author":"J Decristan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Decristan, J., Jansen, N. C., & Fauth, B. (2023). Student participation in whole-class discourse: Individual conditions and consequences for student learning in primary and secondary school. Learning and Instruction, 86, 101748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2023.101748","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"9832_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06311-9","volume-title":"Educational games for soft-skills training in digital environments: New perspectives","author":"E Dell\u2019Aquila","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Aquila, E., Marocco, D., Ponticorvo, M., Di Ferdinando, A., Schembri, M., & Miglino, O. (2017). Educational games for soft-skills training in digital environments: New perspectives. Springer."},{"key":"9832_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2020.101437","volume":"78","author":"E Denessen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Denessen, E., Hornstra, L., van den Bergh, L., & Bijlstra, G. (2022). Implicit measures of teachers\u2019 attitudes and stereotypes, and their effects on teacher practice and student outcomes: A review. In-and Pre-Service Teachers\u2019 Implicit Attitudes, Instructional Practices and Student Outcomes, 78, 101437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2020.101437","journal-title":"In-and Pre-Service Teachers\u2019 Implicit Attitudes, Instructional Practices and Student Outcomes"},{"issue":"4","key":"9832_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12288","volume":"34","author":"D Di Mitri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Mitri, D., Schneider, J., Specht, M., & Drachsler, H. (2018). From signals to knowledge: A conceptual model for multimodal learning analytics. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(4), 338\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12288","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"9832_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6300-857-0_3","volume-title":"Special educational needs and inclusive practices","author":"F Dovigo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dovigo, F. (2017). Linking theory to practice in inclusive education. In F. Dovigo (Ed.), Special educational needs and inclusive practices (pp. 33\u201362). Sense Publishers."},{"key":"9832_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6300-857-0_9","volume-title":"Special educational needs and inclusive practices","author":"F Dovigo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dovigo, F., & Rocco, V. (2017). Building evaluation capacity in science education to spread sustainable and inclusive education. In F. Dovigo (Ed.), Special educational needs and inclusive practices (pp. 163\u2013190). Sense Publishers."},{"issue":"6","key":"9832_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.02.002","volume":"40","author":"AN Elkins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elkins, A. N., Muth, E. R., Hoover, A. W., Walker, A. D., Carpenter, T. L., & Switzer, F. S. (2009). Physiological compliance and team performance. Applied Ergonomics, 40(6), 997\u20131003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.02.002","journal-title":"Applied Ergonomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"9832_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-023-00834-7","volume":"66","author":"S Feuerriegel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feuerriegel, S., Hartmann, J., Janiesch, C., & Zschech, P. (2024). Generative AI. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 66(1), 111\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-023-00834-7","journal-title":"Business & Information Systems Engineering"},{"key":"9832_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2023.101753","volume":"86","author":"M Fleischmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fleischmann, M., H\u00fcbner, N., Nagengast, B., & Trautwein, U. (2023). The dark side of detracking: Mixed-ability classrooms negatively affect the academic self-concept of students with low academic achievement. Learning and Instruction, 86, 101753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2023.101753","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"9832_CR20","volume-title":"Data analysis with Mplus","author":"C Geiser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Geiser, C. (2012). Data analysis with Mplus. Guilford Press."},{"key":"9832_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2022.101694","volume":"83","author":"P Goldberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goldberg, P., Wagner, W., Seidel, T., & St\u00fcrmer, K. (2023). Why do students exhibit different attention-related behavior during instruction? Investigating effects of individual and context-dependent determinants. Learning and Instruction, 83, 101694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2022.101694","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"issue":"16","key":"9832_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780131605","volume":"13","author":"H Goldstein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goldstein, H., Healy, M. J., & Rasbash, J. (1994). Multilevel time series models with applications to repeated measures data. Statistics in Medicine, 13(16), 1643\u20131655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.4780131605","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"9832_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeo.2021.100058","volume":"2","author":"F Gunnars","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gunnars, F. (2021). A large-scale systematic review relating behaviorism to research of digital technology in primary education. Computers and Education Open, 2, 100058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeo.2021.100058","journal-title":"Computers and Education Open"},{"key":"9832_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912X.2024.2355625","author":"F Gunnars","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gunnars, F. (2024a). Smartbands and behavioural interventions in the classroom: Multimodal learning analytics stress level visualizations for primary education teachers. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1034912X.2024.2355625","journal-title":"International Journal of Disability, Development and Education."},{"key":"9832_CR25","volume-title":"Smartbands, artificial intelligence, and special educational needs: Multifarious behaviorist design for primary education","author":"F Gunnars","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gunnars, F. (2024b). Smartbands, artificial intelligence, and special educational needs: Multifarious behaviorist design for primary education. Mid Sweden University."},{"key":"9832_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.06.007","volume":"87","author":"E Haataja","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haataja, E., Malmberg, J., & J\u00e4rvel\u00e4, S. (2018). Monitoring in collaborative learning: Co-occurrence of observed behavior and physiological synchrony explored. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 337\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2018.06.007","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"9832_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174965","volume":"12","author":"B Hasler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hasler, B., Spanlang, B., & Slater, M. (2017). Virtual race transformation reverses racial in-group bias. PLoS ONE, 12(4), e0174965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0174965","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9832_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429060274","volume-title":"An introduction to multilevel modeling techniques: MLM and SEM approaches","author":"RH Heck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heck, R. H., & Thomas, S. L. (2020). An introduction to multilevel modeling techniques: MLM and SEM approaches (4th ed.). Routledge.","edition":"4"},{"key":"9832_CR29","volume-title":"Multilevel and longitudinal modeling with IBM SPSS","author":"RH Heck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heck, R. H., Thomas, S. L., & Tabata, L. N. (2014). Multilevel and longitudinal modeling with IBM SPSS. Routledge."},{"key":"9832_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802075-3.00001-2","volume-title":"Computer-assisted and web-based innovations in psychology, special education, and health","author":"JN Hogan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hogan, J. N., & Baucom, B. R. (2016). Behavioral, affective, and physiological monitoring. In J. K. Luiselli & A. J. Fischer (Eds.), Computer-assisted and web-based innovations in psychology, special education, and health (pp. 3\u201332). Academic Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"9832_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87489-0","volume":"11","author":"C Hoog Antink","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoog Antink, C., Mai, Y., Peltokangas, M., Leonhardt, S., Oksala, N., & Vehkaoja, A. (2021). Accuracy of heart rate variability estimated with reflective wrist-PPG in elderly vascular patients. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 8123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-87489-0","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"9832_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2021.101516","volume":"78","author":"G \u0130nan-Kaya","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u0130nan-Kaya, G., & Rubie-Davies, C. M. (2022). Teacher classroom interactions and behaviours: Indications of bias. In-and Pre-Service Teachers\u2019 Implicit Attitudes, Instructional Practices and Student Outcomes, 78, 101516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2021.101516","journal-title":"In-and Pre-Service Teachers\u2019 Implicit Attitudes, Instructional Practices and Student Outcomes"},{"issue":"3","key":"9832_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/jmft.12152","volume":"42","author":"A Karvonen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karvonen, A., Kykyri, V., Kaartinen, J., Penttonen, M., & Seikkula, J. (2016). Sympathetic nervous system synchrony in couple therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 42(3), 383\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jmft.12152","journal-title":"Journal of Marital and Family Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"9832_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(96)00028-X","volume":"7","author":"D Kember","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kember, D. (1997). A reconceptualisation of the research into university academics\u2019 conceptions of teaching. Learning and Instruction, 7(3), 255\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0959-4752(96)00028-X","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"issue":"3","key":"9832_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2017.08.17","volume":"15","author":"H-G Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, H.-G., Cheon, E.-J., Bai, D.-S., Lee, Y. H., & Koo, B.-H. (2018). Stress and heart rate variability: A meta-analysis and review of the literature. Psychiatry Investigation, 15(3), 235\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30773\/pi.2017.08.17","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investigation"},{"issue":"5","key":"9832_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12958","volume":"51","author":"C Larmuseau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Larmuseau, C., Cornelis, J., Lancieri, L., Desmet, P., & Depaepe, F. (2020). Multimodal learning analytics to investigate cognitive load during online problem solving. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(5), 1548\u20131562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.12958","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"9832_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2022.101581","volume":"80","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, X., Bergin, C., & Olsen, A. A. (2022). Positive teacher-student relationships may lead to better teaching. Learning and Instruction, 80, 101581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2022.101581","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"issue":"2","key":"9832_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijme.2023.100790","volume":"21","author":"WM Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim, W. M., Gunasekara, A., Pallant, J. L., Pallant, J. I., & Pechenkina, E. (2023). Generative AI and the future of education: Ragnar\u00f6k or reformation? A paradoxical perspective from management educators. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(2), 100790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijme.2023.100790","journal-title":"The International Journal of Management Education"},{"key":"9832_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-33-6942-9_6","volume-title":"When VR serious games meet special needs education","author":"WR Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, W. R., Cao, Qi., & Cai, Y. (2021). Serious game design for virtual dolphin-assisted learning. In Y. Cai & Q. Cao (Eds.), When VR serious games meet special needs education (pp. 97\u2013112). Springer."},{"key":"9832_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103814","author":"L L\u00f3pez-Faican","year":"2020","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Faican, L., & Jaen, J. (2020). EmoFindAR: Evaluation of a mobile multiplayer augmented reality game for primary school children. Computers and Education. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103814","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"9832_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000253731.71025.fc","volume":"195","author":"CD Marci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marci, C. D., Ham, J., Moran, E., & Orr, S. P. (2007). Physiologic correlates of perceived therapist empathy and social-emotional process during psychotherapy. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195(2), 103\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.nmd.0000253731.71025.fc","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"9832_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7146\/si.v2i1.110409","author":"P McIlvenny","year":"2019","unstructured":"McIlvenny, P. (2019). Inhabiting spatial video and audio data: Towards a scenographic turn in the analysis of social interaction. Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7146\/si.v2i1.110409","journal-title":"Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality"},{"issue":"4","key":"9832_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(96)00021-7","volume":"6","author":"N Mercer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mercer, N. (1996). The quality of talk in children\u2019s collaborative activity in the classroom. Learning and Instruction, 6(4), 359\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0959-4752(96)00021-7","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"9832_CR44","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n, B. (2010). Bayesian analysis in Mplus: A brief introduction. Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n."},{"key":"9832_CR45","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n, L. K., & Muth\u00e9n, B. O. (2017). Mplus User\u2019s Guide (8th ed.). Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n."},{"key":"9832_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6300-857-0_4","volume-title":"Special educational needs and inclusive practices","author":"K Nes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nes, K. (2017). Inclusive education and exclusionary practices in Norwegian schools. In F. Dovigo (Ed.), Special educational needs and inclusive practices (pp. 63\u201378). Sense Publishers."},{"key":"9832_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.12.019","volume":"100","author":"O Noroozi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Noroozi, O., Alikhani, I., J\u00e4rvel\u00e4, S., Kirschner, P. A., Juuso, I., & Sepp\u00e4nen, T. (2019). Multimodal data to design visual learning analytics for understanding regulation of learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 298\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2018.12.019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"9832_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-77610-7","volume-title":"Artificial intelligence, human agency and the educational leader","author":"R Papa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Papa, R., & Jackson, K. M. (2021a). AI transforms twentieth-century learning. In R. Papa & K. M. Jackson (Eds.), Artificial intelligence, human agency and the educational leader (pp. 1\u201332). Springer."},{"key":"9832_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-77610-7_4","volume-title":"Artificial intelligence, human agency and the educational leader","author":"R Papa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Papa, R., & Jackson, K. M. (2021b). Classrooms in 2051. In R. Papa & K. M. Jackson (Eds.), Artificial intelligence, human agency and the educational leader (pp. 103\u2013132). Springer."},{"key":"9832_CR50","unstructured":"Piaget, J. (1972). Psykologi och undervisning (C. G. Liungman, Trans.). Aldus. (Original work published 1969)"},{"key":"9832_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315200682","volume-title":"Behavior analysis and learning: A biobehavioral approach","author":"DW Pierce","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pierce, D. W., & Cheney, C. D. (2017). Behavior analysis and learning: A biobehavioral approach. Routledge."},{"key":"9832_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2023.0229","author":"SA Provan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Provan, S. A., Litleskare, S., Einar Flaten, O., Pettersen, H., R\u00f8set, L., & Calogiuri, G. (2024). Participatory development of a virtual reality exercise program for people with chronic pain. Games for Health Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/g4h.2023.0229","journal-title":"Games for Health Journal"},{"key":"9832_CR53","unstructured":"General Data Protection Regulation, 2016\/679 European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2018). https:\/\/www.datainspektionen.se\/lagar--regler\/dataskyddsforordningen\/dataskyddsforordningen---fulltext\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"9832_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3247088","volume":"29","author":"Y Ren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ren, Y., Zhao, C., He, Y., Cong, P., Liang, H., Yu, J., Xu, L., & Ma, Y. (2023). LiDAR-aid inertial poser: Large-scale human motion capture by sparse inertial and LiDAR sensors. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 29(5), 2337\u20132347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3247088","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"key":"9832_CR55","volume-title":"The coding manual for qualitative researchers","author":"J Salda\u00f1a","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salda\u00f1a, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE Publications Limited."},{"issue":"11","key":"9832_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41039-019-0105-4","volume":"14","author":"J Samuelsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samuelsen, J., Chen, W., & Wasson, B. (2019). Integrating multiple data sources for learning analytics\u2014Review of literature. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 14(11), 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41039-019-0105-4","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning"},{"issue":"4","key":"9832_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054367","volume":"57","author":"BF Skinner","year":"1950","unstructured":"Skinner, B. F. (1950). Are theories of learning necessary? Psychological Review, 57(4), 193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0054367","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"9832_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Slov\u00e1k, P., Tennent, P., Reeves, S., & Fitzpatrick, G. (2014). Exploring skin conductance synchronisation in everyday interactions. In: Proceedings of the 8th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Fun, Fast, Foundational, 511\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2639189.2639206","DOI":"10.1145\/2639189.2639206"},{"key":"9832_CR59","unstructured":"Sobocinski, M. (2021). Patterns of adaptive regulation in collaborative learning:a multimodal methodological approach. University of Oulu."},{"key":"9832_CR60","unstructured":"The Swedish Research Council. (2017). Good research ethics. https:\/\/www.vr.se\/english\/analysis\/reports\/our-reports\/2017-08-31-good-research-practice.html"},{"key":"9832_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0005","DOI":"10.54337\/ojs.quivirr.v3.2022.a0005","volume":"3","author":"A Vatanen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vatanen, A., Spets, H., Siromaa, M., Rauniomaa, M., & Keisanen, T. (2022). Experiences in collecting 360 video data and collaborating remotely in virtual reality. QuiViRR: Qualitative Video Research Reports, 3, 0005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54337\/ojs.quivirr.v3.2022.a0005","journal-title":"QuiViRR: Qualitative Video Research Reports"}],"container-title":["Technology, Knowledge and Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10758-025-09832-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10758-025-09832-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10758-025-09832-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T03:59:21Z","timestamp":1748059161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10758-025-09832-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10758-025-09832-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-1662","2211-1670"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2211-1662"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2211-1670"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}