{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T03:11:52Z","timestamp":1781838712910,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,14]],"date-time":"2012-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Wireless Inf Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10776-012-0195-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]],"date-time":"2012-10-17T15:46:32Z","timestamp":1350488792000},"page":"326-340","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["RF Localization for Wireless Video Capsule Endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Pahlavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Makarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Swar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Cave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Karellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sayrafian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"195_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.1985.1092598","volume":"23","author":"K Pahlavan","year":"1985","unstructured":"K. Pahlavan, Wireless communications for office information networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 19\u201327, 1985.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"195_CR2","unstructured":"M. J. Marcus, Recent U.S. regulatory decisions on civil use of spread spectrum, Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM \u201885, New Orleans, LA, 16.6.1\u201316.6.3 (Dec. 1985)."},{"key":"195_CR3","volume-title":"Principles of Wireless Networks\u2014A Unified Approach","author":"K Pahlavan","year":"2002","unstructured":"K. Pahlavan and P. Krishnamurthy, Principles of Wireless Networks\u2014A Unified Approach, Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ, 2002."},{"key":"195_CR4","unstructured":"D. Faigel and D. Cave, Video Capsule Endoscopy, Co-editors; 2008, Elsevier."},{"key":"195_CR5","unstructured":"R. Fu, Y. Ye, K. Pahlavan, and N. Yang, Doppler spread analysis of human motions for body area network applications, 22nd Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC 2011, 11\u201314 September, Toronto, Canada."},{"key":"195_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Fu, Y. Ye, N. Yang, and K. Pahlavan, Characteristic and modeling of human body motions for body area network applications, invited paper, Wireless Health Special Issue based on best papers presented at IEEE PIMRC\u201911, International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, Vol. 19, No. 3, August 2012 (in press).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10776-012-0176-2"},{"key":"195_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Valdastri, R. J. Webster, C. Quaglia, M. Quirini, A. Menciassi, and P. Dario, A new mechanism for mesoscale legged locomotion in compliant tubular environments, IEEE Transactions on Robotics, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 1047\u20131057, doi: 10.1109\/TRO.2009.2014127,Oct.2009 .","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2009.2014127"},{"key":"195_CR8","unstructured":"D. Cave, Wireless video capsule endoscopy, the 1st Invitational Workshop on Body Area Network Technology and Applications, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, June 19\u201320, 2011."},{"issue":"2","key":"195_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1109\/35.983917","volume":"40","author":"K Pahlavan","year":"2002","unstructured":"K. Pahlavan, X. Li and J.-P. M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Indoor geolocation science and technology, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 112\u2013118, 2002.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"195_CR10","unstructured":"K. Pahlavan, Y. Ye, U. Khan and R. Fu, Challenges in channel measurement and modeling for RF localization inside the human body, keynote speech, IEEE Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS) International Conference, Tampere, Finland, June 2011."},{"key":"195_CR11","unstructured":"M. A. Assad, A real-time laboratory testbed for evaluating localization performance of WIFI RFID technologies, MS Thesis Supervised by K. Pahlavan, ECE Department, WPI, 2007."},{"key":"195_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. He, S. Li, K. Pahlavan, and Q. Wang, A realtime testbed for performance evaluation of indoor TOA location system, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2012), Ottawa, Canada, June 10\u201315, 2012.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2012.6364455"},{"key":"195_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Heidari and K. Pahlavan, Performance evaluation of indoor geolocation systems using PROPSim hardware and ray tracing software, IWWAN, pp. 351\u2013355, Oulu, Finland, June, 2004.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWWAN.2004.1525601"},{"key":"195_CR14","unstructured":"M. Heidari, A testbed for real-time performance evaluation of RSS-based indoor geolocation systems in laboratory environment, MS Thesis supervised by K. Pahlavan, ECE Department, WPI, 2005."},{"key":"195_CR15","unstructured":"S. Li, J. He, R. Fu, and K. Pahlavan, A hardware platform for performance evaluation of in-body sensors, 6th IEEE International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT), San Diego, CA, March 26\u201329, 2012."},{"key":"195_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Sayrafian-Pour, W. B. Yang, J. Hagedorn, J. Terrill, K. Y. Yazdandoost and K. Hamaguchi, Channel Models for Medical Implant Communication, International Journal of Wireless Information Networks Vol. 17, No. 3\u20134, pp. 105\u2013112, 2010.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10776-010-0124-y"},{"key":"195_CR17","unstructured":"K. Sayrafian-Pour, W. B. Yang, J. Hagedorn, J. Terrill, K. Y. Yazdandoost, A statistical path loss model for medical implant communication channels, IEEE PIMRC, pp. 2995\u20132999, Tokyo, Japan, September 2009."},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.12.037","volume":"68","author":"D Cave","year":"2008","unstructured":"D. Cave, D. Fleischer, J. Leighton, D. Faigel, R. Heigh, V. Sharma, C. Gostout, E. Rajan, K. Mergener, A. Foley, M. Lee and K. Bhattacharya, A multi-center randomized comparison of the endocapsule and the Pillcam SB, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 487\u2013494, 2008. Epub, Apr 14.","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"key":"195_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1017\/S0263574709990361","volume":"28","author":"G Ciuti","year":"2010","unstructured":"G. Ciuti, P. Valdastri, A. Menciassi and P. Dario, Robotic magnetic steering and locomotion of capsule endoscope for diagnostic and surgical endoluminal procedures, Robotica, Vol. 28, pp. 199\u2013207, 2010.","journal-title":"Robotica"},{"key":"195_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Ye, U. Khan, N. Alsindi, R. Fu, and K. Pahlavan, On the accuracy of RF positioning in multi-capsule endoscopy, 22nd Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pp. 2173\u20132177, Toronto, Canada, September 2011.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2011.6139900"},{"key":"195_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Ye, P. Swar, and K. Pahlavan, Accuracy of RSS-based RF localization in multi-capsule endoscopy, invited paper, Wireless Health special issue based on best papers presented at IEEE PIMRC\u201911, International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, Vol. 19, No. 3, August 2012, (submitted).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10776-012-0193-1"},{"key":"195_CR22","unstructured":"K. Pahlavan, N. Al-Sindi, and B. Alavi, Precise node localization in sensor ad-hoc networks, Patent # 8005486, issued on Aug 23, 2011."},{"key":"195_CR23","unstructured":"K. Pahlavan, Y. Ye, R. Fu, and U. Khan, Challenges in channel measurement and modeling for RF localization inside the human body, invited paper, Special issue on ICL-GNSS best papers, International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (in the press)."},{"key":"195_CR24","unstructured":"FCC Rules and Regulations, MedRadio Band Plan, Part 95, March 2009."},{"key":"195_CR25","unstructured":"K. Yazdandoost and K. Sayrafian-Pour, Channel Models for Body Area Networks, IEEE P802.15-08-0780-11-0006, September 2010."},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR26","first-page":"349","volume":"56","author":"BS Lewis","year":"2002","unstructured":"B. S. Lewis and P. Swain, Capsule endoscopy in the evaluation of patients with suspected small intestinal bleeding: results of a pilot study, GastrointestEndosc, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 349\u2013353, 2002.","journal-title":"GastrointestEndosc"},{"key":"195_CR27","unstructured":"G. Bao and K. Pahlavan, Modeling of the movement of the endoscopy capsule inside G.I. tract based on the captured endoscopy images, accepted for the International Conference on\u00a0Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Methods, MSV\u201912, July 16\u201319, 2012, Las Vegas, USA."},{"issue":"5","key":"195_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.07.013","volume":"72","author":"D Morgan","year":"2010","unstructured":"D. Morgan, B. Upchurch, P. Draganov, K. F. Binmoeller, O. Haluszka, S. Jonnalagadda, P. Okolo, I. Grimm, J. Judah, J. Tokar and M. Chiorean, Spiral enteroscopy: prospective U.S. multicenter study in patients with small-bowel disorders, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 992\u2013998, 2010.","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"key":"195_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Pohl, J. M. Blancas, D. Cave, K. Y. Choi, M. Delvaux, C. Ell, G. Gay, M. A. Jacobs, N. Marcon, T. Matsui, A. May, C. J. Mulder, M. Pennazio, E. Perez-Cuadrado, K. Sugano, P. Vilmann, H. Yamamoto, T. Yano, J. J. Zhong, Consensus report of the 2nd International Conference on double balloon endoscopy, Endoscopy, pp. 156\u2013160, 2008.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-966994"},{"key":"195_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Aoyagi, K. Takizawa, T. Kobayashi, J. Takada, and R. Kohno, Development of a WBAN channel model for capsule endoscopy, Proceedings of 2009 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Charleston, SC, USA, pp. 1\u20134, June 2009.","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2009.5172160"},{"key":"195_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Kurup, W. Joseph, G. Vermeeren, and L. Martens, Path loss model for in-body communication in homogeneous human muscle tissue, IET Electronics Letters, pp. 453\u2013454, April 2009.","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2009.3484"},{"key":"195_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Askarzadeh, Y. Ye, U. Khan, F. Akgul, K. Pahlavan, and S. Makarov, Computational methods for localization in close proximity, chapter in Position Location\u2014Theory, Practice and Advances: A Handbook for Engineers and Academics, John Wiley and Sons, 2011.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118104750.ch5"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"195_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10776-010-0124-y","volume":"17","author":"K Sayrafian-Pour","year":"2010","unstructured":"K. Sayrafian-Pour, W. B. Yang, J. Hagedorn, J. Terrill and K. Y. Yazdandoost, Channel models for medical implant communication, Special issue on BAN, International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, Vol. 17, No. 3\u20134, pp. 105\u2013112, 2010.","journal-title":"Special issue on BAN, International Journal of Wireless Information Networks"},{"key":"195_CR34","unstructured":"U. Khan, K. Pahlavan, and S. Makarov, Computational techniques for wireless body area networks channel simulation using FDTD and FEM at the 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pp. 5602\u20135607, 2011."},{"key":"195_CR35","unstructured":"U. Khan, Computational techniques for comparative performance evaluation of RF localization inside the Human Body, MS Thesis supervised by K. Pahlavan, ECE Department, WPI, April 2011."},{"key":"195_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Swar, K. Pahlavan, and U. Khan, Accuracy of localization system inside human body using a fast FDTD simulation technique, 6 th IEEE International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology, La Jolla, CA, March, 2012.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMICT.2012.6203054"},{"key":"195_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"U. Khan and K. Pahlavan, A comparative study of computational techniques for RF localization inside the human body, submitted to The 34th Annual International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) 2012 (under review).","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6091356"},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2007.01054.x","volume":"26","author":"A Sharf","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. Sharf, T. Lewiner, A. Shamir and L. Kobbelt, On-the-fly curve-skeleton computation for 3D shapes, Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 323\u2013328, 2007.","journal-title":"Computer Graphics Forum"},{"key":"195_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Alavi and K. Pahlavan, Modeling of the TOA based distance measurement error using UWB indoor radio measurements, IEEE Communications Letters, pp. 275\u2013277, April 2006.","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2006.1613745"},{"key":"195_CR40","unstructured":"B. Alavi, Distance measurement error modeling for time-of-arrival based indoor geolocation, Ph.D. Dissertation, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2006."},{"key":"195_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NayefAlsindi, Indoor cooperative localization for ultra wideband wireless sensor networks, PhD Dissertation Supervised by K. Pahlavan, ECE Department, WPI, May 2008.","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/852509"},{"key":"195_CR42","unstructured":"K. Pahlavan, F. Akgul, and A. H. Levesque, Localization interface using WiFi, RFID Academic Convocation, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 2006."},{"key":"195_CR43","unstructured":"Y. Ye, F.O. Akgul, N. Bardshady, and K. Pahlavan, Performance of hybrid WiFi localization for cooperative robotics applications, IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Practical Robot Applications, April 11\u201312, 2011."},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1109\/70.938381","volume":"17","author":"MWMG Dissanayake","year":"2001","unstructured":"M. W. M. G. Dissanayake, P. Newman, S. Clark, H. F. Durrant-Whyte and M. Csorba, A solution to the simultaneous localization and map building (SLAM) problem, IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 229\u2013241, 2001.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR45","first-page":"224","volume":"3","author":"X Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"X. Li and K. Pahlavan, Super-resolution TOA estimation with diversity for indoor geo-location, IEEE Transactions of Communications, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 224\u2013234, 2004.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions of Communications"},{"key":"195_CR46","unstructured":"S. N. Makarov, Directional in-quadrature orthogonal-coil antenna and an array thereof for localization purposes within a human body, Prov. Patent Appl. 61582812, filed Jan. 3rd 2012."},{"key":"195_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. N. Makarov, G. Noetscher, and L. C. Kempel, Directional in-quadrature orthogonal-coil antenna and an array thereof for localization purposes within a human body in the Fresnel region. Numerical simulations, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Jan. 2012, (under review).","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2012.6348796"},{"key":"195_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. N. Makarov and G. Noetscher, Directional in-quadrature orthogonal-coil antenna and an array thereof for localization purposes within a human body in the fresnel region. numerical simulations, 2012 IEEE International Sym. on Antennas and Propagation and USNC\/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, July 11\u201314th 2012, Chicago, IL.","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2012.6348796"},{"issue":"12","key":"195_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.67.001615","volume":"67","author":"W Lukosz","year":"1977","unstructured":"W. Lukosz and R. E. Kunz, Light emission by magnetic and electric dipoles close to a plane dielectric interface. II. Radiation patterns of perpendicular oriented dipoles, Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 67, No. 12, pp. 1615\u20131619, 1977.","journal-title":"Journal of the Optical Society of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1984.1143307","volume":"AP-32","author":"GS Smith","year":"1984","unstructured":"G. S. Smith, Directive properties of antennas for transmission into a material half-space, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-32, No. 3, pp. 232\u2013246, 1984.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"issue":"10","key":"195_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1659698","volume":"42","author":"JR Wait","year":"1971","unstructured":"J. R. Wait and D. A. Hill, Transient signals from a buried magnetic dipole, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 3866\u20133869, 1971.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"195_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Panyim, T. Hayajneh, P. Krishnamurthy, and D. Tipper, On limited-range strategic\/random jamming attacks in wireless ad hoc networks, 5th IEEE LCN Workshop on Security in Communications Networks, pp. 922\u2013929, October 2009.","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN.2009.5355041"},{"key":"195_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Panyim and P. Krishnamurthy, A hybrid key predistribution scheme for sensor networks employing spatial retreats to cope with jamming attacks, To Appear in Mobile Networks and Applications, Available Online (doi: 10.1007\/s11036-010-0244-8 ), June 2010.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-010-0244-8"},{"key":"195_CR54","unstructured":"K. Pelechrinis, I. Broustis, S. V. Krishnamurthy, and C. Gkantsidis, A Measurement driven anti-jamming system for 802.11 networks, to appear in IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking."},{"key":"195_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Hayajneh, M. Razvi-Doomun, P. Krishnamurthy, and D. Tipper, Source-destination obfuscation in wireless ad hoc networks, Security and Communication Networks, Vol. 4, Issue 8, pp. 888\u2013901, 2010.","DOI":"10.1002\/sec.220"},{"key":"195_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Aksu, P. Krishnamurthy, D. Tipper, and O. Ercetin, On security and reliability using cooperative transmissions in sensor networks, Mobile Networks and Applications, pp. 1\u201310, 2010 (accepted).","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.collaboratecom.2010.59"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2008.16","volume":"7","author":"D Halperin","year":"2008","unstructured":"D. Halperin, et al., Security and privacy for implantable medical devices, IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 30\u201339, 2008.","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Computing"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Wireless Information Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10776-012-0195-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10776-012-0195-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10776-012-0195-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T04:55:38Z","timestamp":1744520138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10776-012-0195-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,14]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10776-012-0195-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1068-9605","1572-8129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1068-9605","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,14]]}}}