{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:58:08Z","timestamp":1783612688942,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Computing"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10791-025-09594-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T14:39:49Z","timestamp":1747665589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A GA-GAN approach for next-generation cryptographic security with a focus on quantum-resistant cryptography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Purushottam","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Pranav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandip","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"9594_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3425","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3166348","volume":"19","author":"H Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang H, Tan J, Liu X, Huang S, Hu H, Zhang Y. Cybersecurity threat assessment integrating qualitative differential and evolutionary games. IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manage. 2022;19(3):3425\u201337.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manage"},{"key":"9594_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s13222-024-00467-4","volume":"24","author":"SML Pfaendler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pfaendler SML, Konson K, Greinert F. Advancements in quantum computing\u2014viewpoint: building adoption and competency in industry. Datenbank Spektrum. 2024;24:5\u201320.","journal-title":"Datenbank Spektrum"},{"key":"9594_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003388845-16","volume-title":"Machine learning in healthcare and security","author":"P Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh P, Pranav P, Dutta S. GAN cryptography. In: Pranav P, Patel A, Jain S, editors. Machine learning in healthcare and security. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2023. p. 184\u201394."},{"key":"9594_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.23919\/INDIACom61295.2024.10498330","volume-title":"2024 11th International conference on computing for sustainable global development (INDIACom)","author":"P Parikh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Parikh P, Patel N, Patel D, Modi P, Kaur H. Ciphering the modern world: a comprehensive analysis of DES, AES, RSA and DHKE. In: Parikh P, editor. 2024 11th International conference on computing for sustainable global development (INDIACom). New York: IEEE; 2024. p. 838\u201342."},{"issue":"6","key":"9594_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.3390\/app14062379","volume":"14","author":"P Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh P, Dutta S, Pranav P. Optimizing GANs for cryptography: the role and impact of activation functions in neural layers assessing the cryptographic strength. Appl Sci. 2024;14(6):2379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app14062379.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"9594_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spy2.438","author":"P Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh P, Dutta S, Pranav P. A modified RC-4 cryptosystems to enhance security by using negative key schedule. Secur Priv. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/spy2.438.","journal-title":"Secur Priv"},{"key":"9594_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3738","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-023-05616-2","volume":"80","author":"S Cherbal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cherbal S, Zier A, Hebal S, et al. Security in internet of things: a review on approaches based on blockchain, machine learning, cryptography, and quantum computing. J Supercomput. 2024;80:3738\u2013816.","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"9594_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3103\/S0278641923010077","volume":"47","author":"MV Shegay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shegay MV, Popova NN. Genetic algorithm for guide tree optimization. Moscow Univ Comput Math Cybern. 2023;47:45\u201352.","journal-title":"Moscow Univ Comput Math Cybern."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"9594_CR9","first-page":"1239","volume":"19","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang H, Zhao D, Li X. Research on network security situation assessment and forecasting technology. J Web Eng. 2020;19(7\u20138):1239\u201366.","journal-title":"J Web Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"9594_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/07468342.1987.11973000","volume":"18","author":"D Luciano","year":"1987","unstructured":"Luciano D, Prichett G. Cryptology: from caesar ciphers to public-key cryptosystems. Coll Math J. 1987;18(1):2\u201317.","journal-title":"Coll Math J"},{"key":"9594_CR11","unstructured":"Denniston A, Park B, Turing A. Enigma machine."},{"issue":"12","key":"9594_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7168","DOI":"10.3390\/app13127168","volume":"13","author":"R Flores-Carapia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Flores-Carapia R, Silva-Garc\u00eda VM, Cardona-L\u00f3pez MA. A dynamic hybrid cryptosystem using chaos and diffie\u2013hellman protocol: An image encryption application. Appl Sci. 2023;13(12):7168.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"9594_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5172","DOI":"10.3390\/app13085172","volume":"13","author":"F Lalem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lalem F, et al. A novel digital signature scheme for advanced asymmetric encryption techniques. Appl Sci. 2023;13(8):5172.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"9594_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2022.100530","volume":"47","author":"U Shamsher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shamsher U, et al. Elliptic curve cryptography; applications, challenges, recent advances, and future trends: a comprehensive survey. Comput Sci Rev. 2023;47:100530.","journal-title":"Comput Sci Rev"},{"key":"9594_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2023.03.038","volume":"220","author":"AF Otoom","year":"2023","unstructured":"Otoom AF, Abdallah EE. Deep learning for accurate detection of brute force attacks on IOT Networks. Proc Comput Sci. 2023;220:291\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Comput Sci"},{"key":"9594_CR16","volume-title":"2024 International conference on trends in quantum computing and emerging business technologies","author":"V Thamilarasi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thamilarasi V, et al. Quantum computing-navigating the frontier with Shor\u2019s algorithm and quantum cryptography. In: Thamilarasi V, editor., et al., 2024 International conference on trends in quantum computing and emerging business technologies. Pune: IEEE; 2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"9594_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-022-03730-x","volume":"53","author":"KL Neela","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neela KL, Kavitha V. Blockchain based chaotic deep GAN encryption scheme for securing medical images in a cloud environment. Appl Intell. 2023;53(4):4733\u201347.","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"issue":"11","key":"9594_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1145\/3422622","volume":"63","author":"I Goodfellow","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goodfellow I, Pouget-Abadie J, Mirza M, Xu B, Warde-Farley D, Ozair S, Bengio Y. Generative adversarial networks. Commun ACM. 2020;63(11):139\u201344.","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"9594_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2022.04.028","volume":"9","author":"X Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang X, et al. Visually meaningful image encryption algorithm based on digital signature. Dig Commun Netw. 2023;9(1):159\u201365.","journal-title":"Dig Commun Netw"},{"issue":"3","key":"9594_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s12065-023-00822-6","volume":"17","author":"B Alhijawi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alhijawi B, Awajan A. Genetic algorithms: theory, genetic operators, solutions, and applications. Evol Intel. 2024;17(3):1245\u201356.","journal-title":"Evol Intel"},{"key":"9594_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-44223-1_12","volume-title":"International conference on post-quantum cryptography","author":"N Bindel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bindel N, Schanck JM. Decryption failure is more likely after success. In: Ding J, Tillich J-P, editors. International conference on post-quantum cryptography. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020. p. 206\u201325."},{"issue":"1","key":"9594_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.3039","volume":"52","author":"SS Gill","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gill SS, et al. Quantum computing: a taxonomy, systematic review and future directions. Softw Pract Exp. 2022;52(1):66\u2013114.","journal-title":"Softw Pract Exp."},{"issue":"3","key":"9594_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-022-03428-6","volume":"21","author":"Y Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu Y, et al. \"Scalable multiple GHZ states equations and its applications in efficient quantum key agreement. Quant Inform Process. 2022;21(3):91.","journal-title":"Quant Inform Process"},{"issue":"4","key":"9594_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3390\/e24040483","volume":"24","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, et al. A new quantum multiparty simultaneous identity authentication protocol with the classical third-party. Entropy. 2022;24(4):483.","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"9594_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2023-03-02-932","volume":"7","author":"IW Primaatmaja","year":"2023","unstructured":"Primaatmaja IW, et al. Security of device-independent quantum key distribution protocols: a review. Quantum. 2023;7:932.","journal-title":"Quantum"},{"key":"9594_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2023.01.195","volume":"218","author":"D Chawla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chawla D, Mehra PS. A survey on quantum computing for internet of things security. Proc Comp Sci. 2023;218:2191\u2013200.","journal-title":"Proc Comp Sci"},{"key":"9594_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2020.125517","volume":"564","author":"E Oostwal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oostwal E, Straat M, Biehl M. Hidden unit specialization in layered neural networks: ReLU vs. sigmoidal activation. Phys A Statist Mech Applic. 2021;564: 125517.","journal-title":"Phys A Statist Mech Applic"},{"key":"9594_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121369","volume":"237","author":"Y-C Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y-C, Chen T. Adapted techniques of explainable artificial intelligence for explaining genetic algorithms on the example of job scheduling. Expert Syst Appl. 2024;237: 121369.","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"9594_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu J et al. Password-stealing without hacking: Wi-Fi enabled practical keystroke eavesdropping. In: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC conference on computer and communications security. 2023.","DOI":"10.1145\/3576915.3623088"},{"issue":"5","key":"9594_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3390\/info14050276","volume":"14","author":"F Rabee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rabee F, Hussain ZM. Oriented crossover in genetic algorithms for computer networks optimization. Information. 2023;14(5):276.","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"9594_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, Raghavendra, and Manish Kumar Bajpai. \"A novel multi-agent genetic algorithm for limited-view computed tomography.\" Expert Systems with Applications 238 (2024): 122195.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122195"},{"key":"9594_CR32","volume-title":"2024 Second international conference on data science and information system (ICDSIS)","author":"C Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen C. Design of english online teaching system using adaptive crossover mutation based genetic algorithm. In: Chen C, editor. 2024 Second international conference on data science and information system (ICDSIS). Hassan: IEEE; 2024."},{"key":"9594_CR33","unstructured":"Berard H, Gidel G, Almahairi A, Vincent P, Lacoste-Julien S. A closer look at the optimization landscapes of generative adversarial networks. arXiv preprint. 2019. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1906.04848."},{"issue":"1","key":"9594_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3301282","volume":"52","author":"Y Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong Y, Hwang U, Yoo J, Yoon S. How generative adversarial networks and their variants work: an overview. ACM Comput Surv (CSUR). 2019;52(1):1\u201343.","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv (CSUR)"},{"issue":"4","key":"9594_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2020.2991774","volume":"4","author":"Z Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan Z, Yu W, Wang B, Xie H, Sheng VS, Lei J, Kwong S. Loss functions of generative adversarial networks (GANs): opportunities and challenges. IEEE Trans Emerg Top Comput Intell. 2020;4(4):500\u201322.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Emerg Top Comput Intell"},{"key":"9594_CR36","volume-title":"2023 14th International conference on computing communication and networking technologies (ICCCNT)","author":"M Krichen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krichen M. Generative adversarial networks. In: Krichen M, editor. 2023 14th International conference on computing communication and networking technologies (ICCCNT). Delhi: IEEE; 2023."},{"key":"9594_CR37","unstructured":"Luo ZJ, Liu R, Mehta A, Ali ML. Understanding the RSA algorithm. arXiv preprint. 2023. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2308.02785."},{"key":"9594_CR38","unstructured":"Barmana P, Saha B DNA encoded elliptic curve cryptography system for IoT security. arXiv preprint. 2023. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2311.11393."},{"issue":"11","key":"9594_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3126\/aj.v11i11.67080","volume":"11","author":"N Dhamala","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dhamala N, Acharya KP. A comparative analysis of DES, AES and blowfish based DNA cryptography. Adhyayan J. 2024;11(11):69\u201380.","journal-title":"Adhyayan J"},{"key":"9594_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2023.10.054","volume":"84","author":"D Shivaramakrishna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shivaramakrishna D, Nagaratna M. A novel hybrid cryptographic framework for secure data storage in cloud computing: integrating AES-OTP and RSA with adaptive key management and time-limited access control. Alex Eng J. 2023;84:275\u201384.","journal-title":"Alex Eng J"},{"key":"9594_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-18959-6","author":"A Shafique","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shafique A, et al. A fusion of machine learning and cryptography for fast data encryption through the encoding of high and moderate plaintext information blocks. Multimed Tools Appl. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-024-18959-6.","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"9594_CR42","volume-title":"International conference on information and communication technology for intelligent systems","author":"P Dhaval","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dhaval P, et al. A comparison of the key size and security level of the ECC and RSA algorithms with a focus on cloud\/fog computing. In: Choudrie J, editor., et al., International conference on information and communication technology for intelligent systems. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore; 2023."},{"key":"9594_CR43","unstructured":"Mattsson JP, Smeets B, Thormarker E. Quantum-resistant cryptography. arXiv preprint. 2021. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2112.00399."},{"issue":"22","key":"9594_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.8226","volume":"36","author":"P Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh P, Pranav P, Anwar S, Dutta S. Leveraging generative adversarial networks for enhanced cryptographic key generation. Concurrency Computat Pract Exper. 2024;36(22): e8226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpe.8226.","journal-title":"Concurrency Computat Pract Exper"},{"key":"9594_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-53744-8_6","volume-title":"Computability and complexity, undergraduate topics in computer Science","author":"R Downey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Downey R. Computational complexity. In: Downey R, editor. Computability and complexity, undergraduate topics in computer Science. Cham: Springer; 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-53744-8_6."},{"key":"9594_CR46","first-page":"78","volume":"3","author":"A Sajeeda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sajeeda A, Hossain BM. Exploring generative adversarial networks and adversarial training. Int J Cogn Comput Eng. 2022;3:78\u201389.","journal-title":"Int J Cogn Comput Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"9594_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2786399","DOI":"10.1049\/2024\/2786399","volume":"2024","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang Y, Jia H. On accuracy of testing decryption failure rate for encryption schemes under the LWE assumption. IET Inf Secur. 2024;2024(1):2786399.","journal-title":"IET Inf Secur"},{"issue":"2","key":"9594_CR48","first-page":"230","volume":"19","author":"SF Wen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wen SF, Katt B. Ontology-based metrics computation for system security assurance evaluation. J Appl Sec Res. 2024;19(2):230\u201375.","journal-title":"J Appl Sec Res"},{"key":"9594_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.23919\/INDIACom61295.2024.10498577","volume-title":"2024 11th International conference on computing for sustainable global development (INDIACom)","author":"B Hanafi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hanafi B, Bokhari MU, Khan I. Enhancing post-quantum cryptography with adversarial neural cryptography. In: Hanafi B, editor. 2024 11th International conference on computing for sustainable global development (INDIACom). New Delhi: IEEE; 2024. p. 1706\u201312."},{"key":"9594_CR50","unstructured":"Shaaban MA, Alsharkawy AS, AbouKreisha MT, Razek MA. (2024). Efficient ECC-based authentication scheme for fog-based IoT environment. arXiv preprint. 2024. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2408.02826."},{"key":"9594_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2023.09.030","volume":"218","author":"K Roshan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roshan K, Zafar A, Haque SBU. Untargeted white-box adversarial attack with heuristic defence methods in real-time deep learning based network intrusion detection system. Comput Commun. 2024;218:97\u2013113.","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"key":"9594_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124287","volume":"252","author":"KK Raghuvanshi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Raghuvanshi KK, Kumar S, Kumar S, Kumar S. Image encryption algorithm based on DNA encoding and CNN. Expert Syst Appl. 2024;252: 124287.","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"9594_CR53","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2024 Second international conference on advances in information technology (ICAIT)","author":"A Gautam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gautam A, Lohumi Y, Gangodkar D. Achieving near-perfect accuracy in CIFAR-10 classification. In: Gautam A, editor. 2024 Second international conference on advances in information technology (ICAIT). Chikkamagaluru: IEEE; 2024. p. 1\u20136."},{"key":"9594_CR54","first-page":"143","volume-title":"International symposium on neural networks","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Li X, Qin S, Hu X. Improve adversarial robustness of MNIST classification via topological data analysis. In: Liu Y, editor. International symposium on neural networks. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore; 2024. p. 143\u201352."}],"container-title":["Discover Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10791-025-09594-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10791-025-09594-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10791-025-09594-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T16:03:15Z","timestamp":1747670595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10791-025-09594-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10791-025-09594-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2948-2992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2948-2992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No ethical or informed consent was required during this research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"82"}}