{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T14:18:33Z","timestamp":1763043513671,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education Key Project","award":["2023AH050688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AH050688"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Computing"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10791-025-09787-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T14:13:59Z","timestamp":1763043239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects and contributing factors of an automatic speech recognition dialogue platform on international students\u2019 Chinese speaking ability"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5695-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenting","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5796-4463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farrah Dina","family":"Yusop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xianfu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"9787_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAIE53562.2021.00142","author":"Z Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu Z, Guo H. Topics and their evolution in the research field of teaching Chinese as a foreign language: A bibliometrics analysis based on VOSviewer. Int Conf Artif Intell Educ (ICAIE). 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICAIE53562.2021.00142.","journal-title":"Int Conf Artif Intell Educ (ICAIE)"},{"key":"9787_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3399971.3399972","author":"X Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng X, Chen X, Guo S, Zheng S. Representation of AR training model for teaching Chinese as a foreign Language under the teaching innovation model. Association Comput Mach. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3399971.3399972.","journal-title":"Association Comput Mach"},{"issue":"17","key":"9787_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9829","DOI":"10.3390\/su13179829","volume":"13","author":"V Nair","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nair V, Yunus MM. A systematic review of digital storytelling in improving speaking skills. Sustainability. 2021;13(17):9829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13179829.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"9787_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kang M, Ito A, Hatano H. (2018). Development and Evaluation of a Chinese Tone Perceptual Training Mobile App. 2018 IEEE Conference on E-Learning, E-Management and E-Services (IC3e). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IC3e.2018.8632625","DOI":"10.1109\/IC3e.2018.8632625"},{"key":"9787_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hasan MK, Fakih AH, Seraj PMI. The effect of technology-assisted Language programme on vocabulary learning among EFL students at the tertiary level. Heliyon. 2022;8(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10313.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10313"},{"key":"9787_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lmot.2023.101914","volume":"83","author":"J Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang J. Artificial intelligence-based needs analysis for english specific purposes in digital environment. Learn Motiv. 2023;83:101914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lmot.2023.101914.","journal-title":"Learn Motiv"},{"key":"9787_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Y, Xue L. Using AI-driven chatbots to foster Chinese EFL students\u2019 academic engagement: an intervention study. Comput Hum Behav. 2024;108353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108353.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108353"},{"issue":"4","key":"9787_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2020.1744666","volume":"35","author":"R Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang R, Zou D. Types, purposes, and effectiveness of state-of-the-art technologies for second and foreign Language learning. Comput Assist Lang Learn. 2022;35(4):696\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2020.1744666.","journal-title":"Comput Assist Lang Learn"},{"key":"9787_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100117","volume":"4","author":"X Weng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weng X, Chiu TK. Instructional design and learning outcomes of intelligent computer assisted Language learning: systematic review in the field. Computers Education: Artif Intell. 2023;4:100117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100117.","journal-title":"Computers Education: Artif Intell"},{"issue":"3","key":"9787_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2021.1933540","volume":"36","author":"M Shortt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shortt M, Tilak S, Kuznetcova I, Martens B, Akinkuolie B. Gamification in mobile-assisted Language learning: A systematic review of Duolingo literature from public release of 2012 to early 2020. Comput Assist Lang Learn. 2023;36(3):517\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2021.1933540.","journal-title":"Comput Assist Lang Learn"},{"issue":"1","key":"9787_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1765392","volume":"31","author":"A Parmaxi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Parmaxi A. Virtual reality in Language learning: A systematic review and implications for research and practice. Interact Learn Environ. 2023;31(1):172\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2020.1765392.","journal-title":"Interact Learn Environ"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"9787_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2020.1799821","volume":"35","author":"O Engwall","year":"2022","unstructured":"Engwall O, Lopes J. Interaction and collaboration in robot-assisted Language learning for adults. Comput Assist Lang Learn. 2022;35(5\u20136):1273\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2020.1799821.","journal-title":"Comput Assist Lang Learn"},{"issue":"1","key":"9787_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.18488\/journal.61.2021.91.155.170","volume":"9","author":"SE Bobrova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bobrova SE, Popova EN, Sizova YS, Orlova LN, Polozhentseva IV. Professional foreign Language competence formation using educational multimedia technologies. Int J Educ Pract. 2021;9(1):155\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Educ Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"9787_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci12030182","volume":"12","author":"J Belda-Medina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Belda-Medina J, Calvo-Ferrer JR. Preservice teachers\u2019 knowledge and attitudes toward digital-game-based Language learning. Educ Sci. 2022;12(3):182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci12030182.","journal-title":"Educ Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"9787_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17501229.2023.2241436","volume":"18","author":"L Luan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luan L, Yi Y, Hwang GJ, Dong Y, Jing B, Liu J. Facilitating EFL learners\u2019 willingness to communicate amidst the pandemic: A digital storytelling-based online flipped learning approach. Innov Lang Learn Teach. 2023;18(2):1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17501229.2023.2241436.","journal-title":"Innov Lang Learn Teach"},{"key":"9787_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kartal G, Yesil\u00e7\u0131nar S. Using movie trailers to enhance both face-to-face and online Language learning outcomes in an EFL speaking class. Porta Linguarum. 2023;39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30827\/portalin.vi39.22513.","DOI":"10.30827\/portalin.vi39.22513"},{"issue":"1","key":"9787_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40862-023-00220-6","volume":"8","author":"AFT Alazemi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alazemi AFT, Gheisari A, Patra I. The consequences of task-supported Language teaching via social media on academic engagement, emotion regulation, willingness to communicate, and academic well-being from the lens of positive psychology. Asian-Pacific J Second Foreign Lang Educ. 2023;8(1):1\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40862-023-00220-6.","journal-title":"Asian-Pacific J Second Foreign Lang Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"9787_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13381","volume":"55","author":"S Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin S. Speaking proficiency and affective effects in EFL: vlogging as a social media-integrated activity. Br J Edu Technol. 2023;55(2):586\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13381.","journal-title":"Br J Edu Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9787_CR19","first-page":"97","volume":"16","author":"P Chaisiri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chaisiri P. Promoting Thai EFL learners\u2019 willingness to communicate in the virtual classroom through technology-mediated oral tasks. LEARN Journal: Lang Educ Acquisition Res Netw. 2023;16(1):97\u2013120.","journal-title":"LEARN Journal: Lang Educ Acquisition Res Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"9787_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12804","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12804","volume":"59","author":"W Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu W, Wang Y. The effects of using AI tools on critical thinking in english literature classes among EFL learners: an intervention study. Eur J Educ. 2024;59(4):e12804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejed.12804.","journal-title":"Eur J Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"9787_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v25i3.7708","volume":"25","author":"H Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu H, Wang Y, Wang Y. To use or not to use? A mixed-methods study on the determinants of EFL college learners\u2019 behavioral intention to use AI in the distributed learning context. Int Rev Res Open Distrib Learn. 2024;25(3):158\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19173\/irrodl.v25i3.7708.","journal-title":"Int Rev Res Open Distrib Learn"},{"issue":"2","key":"9787_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.29252\/ijree.5.2.49","volume":"5","author":"R Rabbani Yekta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rabbani Yekta R, Kana\u2019ni MA. Using Google drive as the e-portfolio for the self-assessment of speaking fluency. Int J Res Engl Educ. 2020;5(2):49\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29252\/ijree.5.2.49.","journal-title":"Int J Res Engl Educ"},{"issue":"15","key":"9787_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6695","DOI":"10.3390\/app11156695","volume":"11","author":"C Tejedor-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tejedor-Garc\u00eda C, Carde\u00f1oso-Payo V, Escudero-Mancebo D. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems applied to pronunciation assessment of L2 Spanish for Japanese speakers. Appl Sci. 2021;11(15):6695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app11156695.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"9787_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1017\/S0958344023000113","volume":"36","author":"TTN Ngo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ngo TTN, Chen HHJ, Lai KKW. The effectiveness of automatic speech recognition in ESL\/EFL pronunciation: A meta-analysis. ReCALL. 2024;36(1):4\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0958344023000113.","journal-title":"ReCALL"},{"issue":"2","key":"9787_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.21070\/jees.v5i2.867","volume":"5","author":"E Junining","year":"2020","unstructured":"Junining E, Alif S, Setiarini N. Automatic speech recognition in computer-assisted Language learning for individual learning in speaking. JEES (Journal Engl Educators Society). 2020;5(2):219\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21070\/jees.v5i2.867.","journal-title":"JEES (Journal Engl Educators Society)"},{"key":"9787_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2021.102496","volume":"99","author":"M Bashori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bashori M, Van Hout R, Strik H, Cucchiarini C. Effects of ASR-based websites on EFL learners\u2019 vocabulary, speaking anxiety, and Language enjoyment. System. 2021;99:102496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.system.2021.102496.","journal-title":"System"},{"issue":"5","key":"9787_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/17501229.2024.2315101","volume":"18","author":"M Bashori","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bashori M, van Hout R, Strik H, Cucchiarini C. I can speak: improving english pronunciation through automatic speech recognition-based Language learning systems. Innov Lang Learn Teach. 2024;18(5):443\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17501229.2024.2315101.","journal-title":"Innov Lang Learn Teach"},{"key":"9787_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krashen SD. Principles and practice in second Language acquisition. Pergamon; 1982.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-971X.1982.tb00476.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"9787_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4781.1998.tb05543.x","volume":"82","author":"PD MacIntyre","year":"1998","unstructured":"MacIntyre PD, Cl\u00e9ment R, D\u00f6rnyei Z, Noels KA. Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: A situational model of L2 confidence and affiliation. Mod Lang J. 1998;82(4):545\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-4781.1998.tb05543.x.","journal-title":"Mod Lang J"},{"key":"9787_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2024.103490","volume":"126","author":"PP Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun PP, Zhang J, Zhao X. Modeling speaking performance in young learners of Chinese as a heritage language: the interplay of L2 grit, motivational intensity, and willingness to communicate. System. 2024;126:103490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.system.2024.103490.","journal-title":"System"},{"issue":"3","key":"9787_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","volume":"13","author":"FD Davis","year":"1989","unstructured":"Davis FD. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Q. 1989;13(3):319\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/249008.","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"key":"9787_CR32","unstructured":"Yusop FD. Research and theories of learning in A Technology-Enhanced learning environment. Universiti Malaya; 2024."},{"key":"9787_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70187","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.70187","volume":"60","author":"J Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang J, Chen Y, Wang Y. Exploring the interplay of motivation, engagement, and critical thinking among EFL learners: evidence from structural equation modelling. Eur J Educ. 2025;60:e70187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejed.70187.","journal-title":"Eur J Educ"},{"key":"9787_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2023.103116","volume":"117","author":"G Lan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lan G, Zhao X, Gong M. Motivational intensity and willingness to communicate in L2 learning: A moderated mediation model of enjoyment, boredom, and shyness. System. 2023;117:103116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.system.2023.103116.","journal-title":"System"},{"issue":"3","key":"9787_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1080\/14790718.2023.2202403","volume":"21","author":"X Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao X, Sun PP, Gong M. The merit of grit and emotions in L2 Chinese online Language achievement: a case of Arabian students. Int J Multiling. 2023;21(3):1653\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14790718.2023.2202403.","journal-title":"Int J Multiling"},{"issue":"3","key":"9787_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/ijal.12680","volume":"35","author":"X Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao X, Wang D. Unpacking the antecedents of boredom and its impact on university learners\u2019 engagement in languages other than english: A qualitative study in the distance online learning context. Int J Appl Linguistics. 2024;35(3):1121\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijal.12680.","journal-title":"Int J Appl Linguistics"},{"key":"9787_CR37","volume-title":"Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference","author":"TD Cook","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cook TD, Campbell DT, Shadish W. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin; 2002."},{"issue":"2","key":"9787_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","journal-title":"Qualitative Res Psychol"},{"key":"9787_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lichtman M. Qualitative research in education: A user\u2019s guide. Routledge; 2023.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003281917"},{"issue":"3","key":"9787_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1017\/S0272263101003035","volume":"23","author":"PD MacIntyre","year":"2001","unstructured":"MacIntyre PD, Baker SC, Cl\u00e9ment R, Conrod S. Willingness to communicate, social support, and language-learning orientations of immersion students. Stud Second Lang Acquisition. 2001;23(3):369\u201388.","journal-title":"Stud Second Lang Acquisition"},{"issue":"1","key":"9787_CR41","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"G \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2014","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk G, G\u00fcrb\u00fcz N. Speaking anxiety among Turkish EFL learners: the case at a state university. J Lang Linguistic Stud. 2014;10(1):1\u201317.","journal-title":"J Lang Linguistic Stud"},{"key":"9787_CR42","unstructured":"Gardner RC. Attitude\/Motivation test battery: international AMTB research project. The University of Western Ontario; 2004."},{"issue":"3","key":"9787_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"BA Hassan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hassan BA. Foreign Language self-esteem and the oral communicative ability of university students. Mansoura Fac Educ J. 1992;19(3):1\u201319.","journal-title":"Mansoura Fac Educ J"},{"issue":"7","key":"9787_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.30564\/fls.v7i7.9948","volume":"7","author":"W Bao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bao W, Yusop FD. Validation of adapted scales assessing affective filter hypothesis among second Language Chinese learners. Forum Linguistic Stud. 2025;7(7):158\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30564\/fls.v7i7.9948.","journal-title":"Forum Linguistic Stud"},{"key":"9787_CR45","unstructured":"Field A. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. 5th ed. Sage; 2018."},{"key":"9787_CR46","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988."},{"key":"9787_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao X, Wang Y. EFL teachers\u2019 perceptions of emotional exhaustion and associated regulation strategies: A phenomenological analysis. Innovation Lang Learn Teaching. 2024;1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17501229.2024.2391377.","DOI":"10.1080\/17501229.2024.2391377"},{"issue":"4","key":"9787_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9922.2010.00576.x","volume":"60","author":"JE Peng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peng JE, Woodrow L. Willingness to communicate in english: A model in the Chinese EFL classroom context. Lang Learn. 2010;60(4):834\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9922.2010.00576.x.","journal-title":"Lang Learn"},{"issue":"2","key":"9787_CR49","first-page":"53","volume":"4","author":"P Baghaei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baghaei P, Dourakhshan A. The relationship between willingness to communicate and success in learning english as a foreign Language. Mod J Appl Linguistics. 2012;4(2):53\u201362.","journal-title":"Mod J Appl Linguistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"9787_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40468-018-0065-4","volume":"8","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Cheng L. How does anxiety influence Language performance? From the perspectives of foreign Language classroom anxiety and cognitive test anxiety. Lang Test Asia. 2018;8(1):1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40468-018-0065-4.","journal-title":"Lang Test Asia"},{"issue":"1","key":"9787_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12667","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12667","volume":"38","author":"RF El Shazly","year":"2021","unstructured":"El Shazly RF. Effects of artificial intelligence on english speaking anxiety and speaking performance: A case study. Expert Syst. 2021;38(1):e12667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exsy.12667.","journal-title":"Expert Syst"},{"key":"9787_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lmot.2024.101978","volume":"86","author":"YS Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang YS, Xin Y, Chen L. Navigating the emotional landscape: insights into resilience, engagement, and burnout among Chinese high school EFL learners. Learn Motiv. 2024;86:101978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lmot.2024.101978.","journal-title":"Learn Motiv"},{"key":"9787_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/flan.12708","author":"M Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu M, Li S. The associations between foreign Language anxiety and the effectiveness of immediate and delayed corrective feedback. Foreign Lang Annals Adv Online Publication. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/flan.12708.","journal-title":"Foreign Lang Annals Adv Online Publication"}],"container-title":["Discover Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10791-025-09787-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10791-025-09787-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10791-025-09787-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T14:14:03Z","timestamp":1763043243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10791-025-09787-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10791-025-09787-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2948-2992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2948-2992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors confirm that all research involving human participants was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of Malaya Research Ethics Committee, which approved this study (Approval No. UM.TNC2.UMREC_4566; valid from May 2025 to May 2028), and complied with all relevant institutional and national regulations. This study was performed in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent prior to participation. They were informed about the overall objectives and aims of the study, the study procedures, potential risks and benefits, confidentiality of information, voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. All participants were over 18 years of age.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"265"}}