{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T07:04:52Z","timestamp":1779692692166,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013690","name":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9conomie, de la Science et de l\u2019Innovation - Qu\u00e9bec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant number"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015273","name":"Provincia autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant number"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inf Syst Front"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Time and temporal constraints are implicit in most databases. To facilitate data analysis and quality assessment, a database should provide explicit operations to identify the violation of temporal constraints. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) we identify and provide a formal definition of five common anomalies in temporal databases, (2) we propose two new relational operations that allow, respectively, to label anomalous tuples in and to retrieve the anomalous tuples from a dataset, and (3) we provide three different SQL implementations of these operations for current relational database management systems. The healthcare domain is used to illustrate the usage and utility of the temporal anomalies. Finally, an experimental evaluation on real-world and synthetic data analyses the performance of the different implementations of the anomaly operators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-024-10495-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T01:01:36Z","timestamp":1717117296000},"page":"561-585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficiently Labeling and Retrieving Temporal Anomalies in Relational Databases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1186-0300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Khnaisser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8462-3085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hind","family":"Hamrouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8651-750X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David B.","family":"Blumenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7621-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Dign\u00f6s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7128-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johann","family":"Gamper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"10495_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Artale, A., & Franconi, E. (2009). Foundations of Temporal Conceptual Data Models (pp. 10\u201335). Springer Berlin, Heidelberg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-02463-4_2.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02463-4_2"},{"key":"10495_CR2","unstructured":"Ben-Gan, I., Sarka, D., Wolter, R., et\u00a0al. (2008). Inside Microsoft SQL Server 2008 T-SQL Programming, Microsoft Press, chap 12. Temporal Support in the Relational Model."},{"key":"10495_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6hlen, M. H., Dign\u00f6s, A., Gamper, J., et al. (2018). Temporal data management - an overview. In: E. Zim\u00e1nyi (Ed.), Business intelligence and big data (pp. 51\u201383). Cham: Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-96655-7_3"},{"issue":"4","key":"10495_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-020-00639-0","volume":"30","author":"P Bouros","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bouros, P., Mamoulis, N., Tsitsigkos, D., et al. (2021). In-memory interval joins. The VLDB Journal, 30(4), 667\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00778-020-00639-0","journal-title":"The VLDB Journal"},{"key":"10495_CR5","volume-title":"Logics for Databases and Information Systems","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chomicki, J., & Saake, G. (Eds.). (1998). Logics for Databases and Information Systems (1998th ed.). Netherlands: The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, Springer, Dordrecht.","edition":"1998"},{"key":"10495_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Combi, C., Degani, S., Jensen, C. S., et al. (2008). Capturing temporal constraints in temporal er models. In: Q. Li, S. Spaccapietra, & E. Yu (Eds.), Conceptual modeling - ER 2008 (pp. 397\u2013411). Berlin Heidelberg, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-87877-3_29"},{"key":"10495_CR7","volume-title":"Time and relational theory","author":"CJ Date","year":"2014","unstructured":"Date, C. J., Lorentzos, N., & Darwen, H. (2014). Time and relational theory (2nd ed.). Morgan Kaufmann, Oxford, England: The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Data Management Systems.","edition":"2"},{"key":"10495_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dign\u00f6s, A., B\u00f6hlen, M. H., & Gamper, J. (2014). Overlap interval partition join. In: International conference on management of data, SIGMOD 2014, Snowbird, UT, USA, June 22-27, 2014 (pp. 1459\u20131470). ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2588555.2612175.","DOI":"10.1145\/2588555.2612175"},{"issue":"4","key":"10495_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26:1","DOI":"10.1145\/2967608","volume":"41","author":"A Dign\u00f6s","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dign\u00f6s, A., B\u00f6hlen, M. H., Gamper, J., et al. (2016). Extending the kernel of a relational DBMS with comprehensive support for sequenced temporal queries. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 41(4), 26:1-26:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2967608","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10495_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-021-00692-3","volume":"31","author":"A Dign\u00f6s","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dign\u00f6s, A., B\u00f6hlen, M. H., Gamper, J., et al. (2021). Leveraging range joins for the computation of overlap joins. The VLDB Journal, 31(1), 75\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00778-021-00692-3","journal-title":"The VLDB Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10495_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.14778\/3311880.3311882","volume":"12","author":"A Dign\u00f6s","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dign\u00f6s, A., Glavic, B., Niu, X., et al. (2019). Snapshot semantics for temporal multiset relations. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 12(6), 639\u2013652.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10495_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1145\/3003665.3003671","volume":"45","author":"XL Dong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dong, X. L., Kementsietsidis, A., & Tan, W. (2016). A time machine for information: Looking back to look forward. SIGMOD Record, 45(2), 23\u201332.","journal-title":"SIGMOD Record"},{"key":"10495_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eder, J., Franceschetti, M., & Lubas, J. (2021). Time in data models. In: Future data and security engineering (pp. 23\u201335). Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-91387-8_2.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-91387-8_2"},{"key":"10495_CR14","unstructured":"Fisher, M. D., Gabbay, D. M., & Vila, L. (Eds.). (2005). Handbook of temporal reasoning in artificial intelligence (vol. 1). Elsevier Science, London, England: Foundations of artificial intelligence."},{"key":"10495_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao, Q., Lee, M. L., Ling, T. W., et\u00a0al. (2018). Analyzing temporal keyword queries for interactive search over temporal databases. In: Lecture notes in computer science (pp. 355\u2013371). Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-98809-2_22.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98809-2_22"},{"key":"10495_CR16","unstructured":"Gregersen, H., Mark, L., & Jensen, C. S. (1998). Mapping temporal er diagrams to relational schemas. Technical report TR-39. http:\/\/timecenter.cs.aau.dk\/TimeCenterPublications\/TR-39.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10495_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1109\/69.774104","volume":"11","author":"H Gregersen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gregersen, H., & Jensen, C. (1999). Temporal entity-relationship models-a survey. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 11(3), 464\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/69.774104","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"key":"10495_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gschwandtner, T., G\u00e4rtner, J., Aigner, W., et\u00a0al. (2012). A taxonomy of dirty time-oriented data. In: Lecture notes in computer science (pp. 58\u201372). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-32498-7_5.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32498-7_5"},{"key":"10495_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jensen, C. S., & Snodgrass, R. T. (2018). Timeslice operator. In L. Liu, & M. T. \u00d6zsu (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Database Systems (2nd ed.). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-8265-9_1426.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8265-9_1426"},{"key":"10495_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson, A., Bulgarelli, L., & Pollard, T., et\u00a0al. (2023). Mimic-iv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13026\/6MM1-EK67. https:\/\/physionet.org\/content\/mimiciv\/2.2\/.","DOI":"10.13026\/6MM1-EK67"},{"key":"10495_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Josko, J. M. B. (2019). A formal taxonomy of temporal data defects. In: Lecture notes in computer science (pp. 94\u2013110). Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-19143-6_7.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-19143-6_7"},{"key":"10495_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khnaisser, C., Hamrouni, H., Blumenthal, D. B., et\u00a0al. (2022). Querying temporal anomalies in\u00a0healthcare information systems and\u00a0beyond. In: Advances in databases and information systems (pp. 209\u2013222). Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15740-0_16.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15740-0_16"},{"issue":"3","key":"10495_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1145\/2380776.2380786","volume":"41","author":"K Kulkarni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kulkarni, K., & Michels, J. E. (2012). Temporal features in sql:2011. ACM SIGMOD Record, 41(3), 34\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2380776.2380786","journal-title":"ACM SIGMOD Record"},{"issue":"3","key":"10495_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1109\/69.599935","volume":"9","author":"N Lorentzos","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lorentzos, N., & Mitsopoulos, Y. (1997). SQL extension for interval data. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 9(3), 480\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/69.599935","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"key":"10495_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ozsoyoglu, G., & Snodgrass, R. (1995). Temporal and real-time databases: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 7(4), 513\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/69.404027","DOI":"10.1109\/69.404027"},{"key":"10495_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Piatov, D., Helmer, S., & Dign\u00f6s, A. (2016). An interval join optimized for modern hardware. In: 32nd IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, ICDE 2016, Helsinki, Finland, May 16-20, 2016 (pp. 1098\u20131109). IEEE Computer Society. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDE.2016.7498316.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2016.7498316"},{"key":"10495_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reif, M., & Neumann, T. (2022). A scalable and generic approach to range joins. Proceedings of the VLDB endowment,15(11), 3018\u20133030. https:\/\/www.vldb.org\/pvldb\/vol15\/p3018-reif.pdf.","DOI":"10.14778\/3551793.3551849"},{"key":"10495_CR28","volume-title":"Developing time-oriented database applications in SQL","author":"R Snodgrass","year":"2000","unstructured":"Snodgrass, R. (2000). Developing time-oriented database applications in SQL. San Francisco Calif: Kaufmann."},{"key":"10495_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Svinterikou, M., & Theodoulidis, B. (1999). TUML: A method for modelling temporal information systems. In: Notes on numerical fluid mechanics and multidisciplinary design (pp. 456\u2013461). Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-48738-7_38.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48738-7_38"},{"key":"10495_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thalheim, B. (2009). Extended entity-relationship model. In: L. Liu, & M. T. \u00d6zsu (Eds.), Encyclopedia of database systems (pp. 1083\u20131091). Springer US, Boston, MA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-39940-9_157.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-39940-9_157"},{"key":"10495_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., & Koru, G. (2019). Understanding and detecting defects in healthcare administration data: Toward higher data quality to better support healthcare operations and decisions. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 27(3), 386\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocz201","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocz201"},{"key":"10495_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Wang, F., & Zaniolo, C. (2006). Efficient temporal coalescing query support in relational database systems. In: S. Bressan, J. K\u00fcng, & R. Wagner (Eds.), Database and expert systems applications (pp. 676\u2013686). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/11827405_66"}],"container-title":["Information Systems Frontiers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10796-024-10495-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10796-024-10495-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10796-024-10495-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T06:36:56Z","timestamp":1779691016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10796-024-10495-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-024-10495-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-3326","1572-9419"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-3326","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9419","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Christina Khnaisser has no competing interests to declare. Hind Hamrouni has no competing interests to declare. Anton Dign\u00f6s has no competing interests to declare. David B. Blumenthal has no competing interests to declare. Johann Gamper has no competing interests to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}