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While digital technologies can support this goal, our understanding of energy practices in a private household context remains nascent. This challenge is amplified by the \u2018invisible\u2019 nature of users\u2019 interaction with energy systems and the impact of unconscious habits. Our objective is to explore how touchpoints embedded in digital sustainability platforms shape energy-efficiency behaviours among users. Building on data from semi-structured interviews and a two-hour co-creation workshop with 25 energy experts in the ECO2 project, we first identify three user representations of relevance to such platforms: <jats:italic>energy-unaware<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>living in denial<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>energy-aware and active<\/jats:italic>. Our findings suggest that \u2018static\u2019 user representations (based on user demographics and average consumption) are giving way to socio-cognitive representations that follow users\u2019 journeys in energy efficiency. We then develop a set of design principles to promote sustainable energy behaviours through digital sustainability platforms across <jats:italic>user-owned<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>social\/external<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>brand-owned<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>partner-owned<\/jats:italic> touchpoints. An analysis of user feedback from the ECO2 project shows support for our design principles across users\u2019 journeys. Of 62 respondents covering all three representations, 76% of them intended to \u201cimplement changes in terms of energy consumption and energy efficiency\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-024-10509-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T07:02:10Z","timestamp":1720422130000},"page":"2077-2101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Digital Sustainability for Energy-Efficient Behaviours: A User Representation and Touchpoint Model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5761-7162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3833-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Titiana","family":"Erti\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7433-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciara","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9057-0909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Kahma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10509_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-022-10250-z","volume":"24","author":"MN Alraja","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alraja, M. 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Informed consent was received from all participants. Consent for publication has also been received from all relevant parties. Supporting data and materials are available upon request. The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest concerning the research, authorship, and publication of this article. This project has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 784988. The lead author\u2019s contribution included conceptualisation, writing, methodology, data collection and analysis. The second author\u2019s contribution included writing, data collection, review and editing. The third author\u2019s contribution included funding acquisition, supervision, and review. The fourth author\u2019s contribution included conceptualisation, writing, data collection, and funding acquisition.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors would like to acknowledge the reviewers and editorial team for their constructive suggestions and invaluable feedback on our article. We are also grateful for the feedback received at the 2024 IEEE ISTAS Conference which helped shape an earlier version of our manuscript. The authors would also like to thank all partners in the ECO2 consortium for their support and contribution to the ACT4ECO platform.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}