{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T09:08:18Z","timestamp":1784884098443,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014718","name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61972029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61972029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inf Syst Front"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-025-10676-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T09:16:40Z","timestamp":1772443000000},"page":"1087-1107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How to Come Up with AI Use Cases Ideas? \u2014An Ideation Technique Development Based on Analysis of Shadow IT Usage"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1482-4548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingyu","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1996-3600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Crowston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4445-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juanqiong","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10676_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.17705\/1CAIS.05017","volume":"50","author":"P \u00c5gerfalk","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c5gerfalk, P., Conboy, K., Crowston, K., Eriksson Lundstr\u00f6m, J., Jarvenpaa, S., Mikalef, P., & Ram, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence in information systems: State of the art and research roadmap. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 50(1), 420\u2013438.","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"10676_CR2","volume-title":"Prediction machines: The simple economics of artificial intelligence","author":"A Agrawal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agrawal, A., Gans, J., & Goldfarb, A. (2018). Prediction machines: the simple economics of artificial intelligence. Harvard Business Press."},{"key":"10676_CR3","unstructured":"Alsheibani, S. A., Cheung, D., & Messom, D. (2019). Factors inhibiting the adoption of artificial intelligence at organizational-level: a preliminary investigation. In Proceedings of the 25th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), Cancun, Mexico"},{"key":"10676_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alter, S. (2023). How can you verify that i am using AI? complementary frameworks for describing and evaluating AI-based digital agents in their usage contexts. In Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Hyatt Regency Maui, Hawaii, USA","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2023.643"},{"key":"10676_CR5","unstructured":"Altshuller, G. S. (1999). The innovation algorithm: TRIZ, systematic innovation and technical creativity. technical innovation center."},{"key":"10676_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Auernhammer, J. (2020). Human-centered AI: the role of human-centered design research in the development of AI. In Proceedings of DRS 2020 Brisbane, Australia. 1315\u20131333.","DOI":"10.21606\/drs.2020.282"},{"key":"10676_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baran, B. E., & Woznyj H.M. (2020). Managing VUCA: the human dynamics of agility. Organizational Dynamics.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgdyn.2020.100787"},{"issue":"2","key":"10676_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1145\/1461928.1461960","volume":"52","author":"S Behrens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Behrens, S. (2009). Shadow systems: The good, the bad and the ugly. Communications of the ACM, 52(2), 124\u2013129.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10676_CR9","unstructured":"Behrens, S., & Sedera, W. (2004). Why do shadow systems exist after an ERP implementation? Lessons from a case study. In Proceedings of the Pacific Asian Conference of Information Systems (PACIS), Shanghai, China. 1713\u20131726."},{"key":"10676_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briggs, R. O., & Reinig, B. A. (2007). Bounded ideation theory: a new model of the relationship between ideaquantity and idea-quality during Ideation. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2007.108"},{"key":"10676_CR11","unstructured":"Brunnbauer, M., Piller, G., & Rothlauf, F. (2021). Idea-AI: developing a method for the systematic identification of AI use cases. In Proceedings of the 27th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), Montreal."},{"key":"10676_CR12","unstructured":"Brunnbauer, M., Piller, G., & Rothlauf, F. (2022). Top-down or explorative? a case study on the identification of AI use cases. In Proceedings of the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS), Taipei-Sydney."},{"key":"10676_CR13","unstructured":"Bughin, J., & Hazan, E. (2017). The new spring of artificial intelligence: A few early economies. VoxEU Org."},{"key":"10676_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-016-0685-0","volume":"32","author":"A Bundy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bundy, A. (2017). Preparing for the future of artificial intelligence. AI and Society, 32, 285\u2013287.","journal-title":"AI and Society"},{"key":"10676_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capel, T., & Brereton, M. (2023). What is human-centered about human-centered AI? a map of the research landscape. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Hamburg, Germany.\u00a0pp. 1\u201323","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580959"},{"key":"10676_CR16","unstructured":"Chui, M. (2017). Artificial intelligence the next digital frontier. McKinsey and Company Global Institute, 47(3.6)."},{"key":"10676_CR17","unstructured":"Chui, M., Manyika, J., Miremadi, M., Henke, N., Chung, R., Nel, P., & Malhotra, S. (2018). Notes from the AI frontier: Insights from hundreds of use cases. McKinsey Global Institute, p.28."},{"key":"10676_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crowston, K., & Bolici, F. (2019). Impacts of machine learning on work. In Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Maui, Hawaii, USA.\u00a05961\u20135970.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2019.719"},{"key":"10676_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, W. S. (2019). HIPO (hierarchy plus input-process-output). The information system consultant\u2019s handbook. CRC.\u00a0pp. 503\u2013510.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420049107-64"},{"key":"10676_CR20","unstructured":"Davison, R. M., Wong, L. H., Alter, S., & Ou, C. (2019). Adopted globally but unusable locally: what workarounds reveal about adoption, resistance, compliance and non-compliance. In Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Information Systems, (ECIS), Stockholm & Uppsala, Sweden."},{"key":"10676_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102317","volume":"58","author":"Q Demlehner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Demlehner, Q., Schoemer, D., & Laumer, S. (2021). How can artificial intelligence enhance car manufacturing? A Delphi study-based identification and assessment of general use cases. International Journal of Information Management, 58, 102317.","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"10676_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.021","volume":"48","author":"Y Duan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duan, Y., Edwards, J. S., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2019). Artificial intelligence for decision making in the era of big data\u2013evolution, challenges and research agenda. International Journal of Information Management, 48, 63\u201371.","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"10676_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.08.002","author":"YK Dwivedi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Ismagilova, E., Aarts, G., Coombs, C., Crick, T., Williams, M. D. (2021). Artificial Intelligence (AI): Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.08.002","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"10676_CR24","unstructured":"Eberle, B. (1972). SCAMPER: games for imagination. Development. DOK."},{"issue":"5","key":"10676_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2013.09.006","volume":"43","author":"T Felin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Felin, T., & Zenger, T. R. (2014). Closed or open innovation? Problem solving and the governance choice. Research Policy, 43(5), 914\u2013925.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10676_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4018\/joeuc.2007010104","volume":"19","author":"EH Ferneley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ferneley, E. H. (2007). Covert end user development: A study of success. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 19(1), 62\u201371.","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational and End User Computing"},{"key":"10676_CR27","unstructured":"F\u00fcrstenau, D., & Rothe, H. (2014). Shadow IT systems: discerning the good and the evil. In Proceedings of the 22nd European Conference on Information Systems, Tel Aviv, Israel, 1\u201314."},{"issue":"2","key":"10676_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-020-00635-2","volume":"63","author":"D F\u00fcrstenau","year":"2021","unstructured":"F\u00fcrstenau, D., Rothe, H., & Sandner, M. (2021). Leaving the shadow: A configurational approach to explain post-identification outcomes of shadow IT systems. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 63(2), 97\u2013111.","journal-title":"Business & Information Systems Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"10676_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.12.3.322.9710","volume":"12","author":"MJ Garfield","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garfield, M. J., Taylor, N. J., Dennis, A. R., & Satzinger, J. W. (2001). Modifying paradigms\u2014Individual differences, creativity techniques, and exposure to ideas in group idea generation. Information Systems Research, 12(3), 322\u2013333.","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"key":"10676_CR30","unstructured":"Ghosh, B., Daugherty, P. R., Wilson, H. J., & Burden, A. (2019). Taking a systems approach to adopting AI. Harvard Business Review."},{"issue":"5","key":"10676_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00129","volume":"8","author":"S Gregor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gregor, S., & Jones, D. (2007). The anatomy of a design theory. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 8(5), 312\u2013335.","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"10676_CR32","volume":"21","author":"S Gregor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gregor, S., Chandra Kruse, L., & Seidel, S. (2020). Research perspectives: The anatomy of a design principle. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 21(6), Article 2.","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"10676_CR33","unstructured":"Gy\u00f6ry, A., Cleven, A., Uebernickel, F., & Brenner, W. (2012). Exploring shadows: IT governance approaches to user-driven innovation. In Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Barcelona, Spain."},{"key":"10676_CR34","unstructured":"Haag, S., & Eckhardt, A. (2015). Justifying shadow IT usage. In Proceedings of the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS). Singapore."},{"key":"10676_CR35","unstructured":"Haag, S., Eckhardt, A., & Bozoyan, C. (2015). Are shadow system users the better IS users? \u2013insights of a lab experiment. In Proceedings of the Thirty Sixth International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), Fort Worth."},{"issue":"2","key":"10676_CR36","volume":"19","author":"AR Hevner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hevner, A. R. (2007). A three cycle view of design science research. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, 19(2), Article 4.","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"10676_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hevner, A. R., & Chatterjee, S. (2010). Design science research in information systems. In A. R. Hevner, & S. Chatterjee (Eds.), Design research in information systems: Theory and practice. Springer US. pp. 9\u201322","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5653-8_2"},{"key":"10676_CR38","unstructured":"Higgins, J. M. (1994). 101 creative problem solving techniques: the handbook of new ideas for business. New Management Publishing Company."},{"key":"10676_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofmann, P., J\u00f6hnk, J., Protschky, D., & Urbach, N. (2020). Developing purposeful AI use cases-A structured method and its application in project management. In Wirtschaftsinformatik (Zentrale Tracks) , Potsdam, Germany. pp. 33\u201349","DOI":"10.30844\/wi_2020_a3-hofmann"},{"key":"10676_CR40","unstructured":"Jones, D., Behrens, S., Jamieson, K., & Tansley, E. (2004). The rise and fall of a shadow system: Lessons for enterprise system implementation. In Proceeding of the 15th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS), Hobart."},{"issue":"1","key":"10676_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.12821\/ijispm070102","volume":"7","author":"S Klotz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klotz, S., Kopper, A., Westner, M., & Strahringer, S. (2019). Causing factors, outcomes, and governance of shadow IT and business-managed IT: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management, 7(1), 15\u201343.","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10676_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222280104","volume":"28","author":"SW Knoll","year":"2011","unstructured":"Knoll, S. W., & Horton, G. (2011a). Changing the perspective: Using a cognitive model to improve thinklets for ideation. Journal of Management Information Systems, 28(1), 85\u2013114.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"10676_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knoll, S. W., & Horton, G. (2011b). The impact of stimuli characteristics on the ideation process: an evaluation of the change of perspective \/ 'analogy '. In Proceedings of the 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE.\u00a0pp. 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2011.416"},{"key":"10676_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larsen, K., Lukyanenko, R., Mueller, R. M., Storey, V., Parsons, J., VanderMeer, D., & Hovorka, D. (2025). Validity in design science. MIS Quarterly, 49(4), 1267\u20131294.\u00a0","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2024\/18064"},{"issue":"1","key":"10676_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222260108","volume":"26","author":"JM Leimeister","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leimeister, J. M., Huber, M., Bretschneider, U., & Krcmar, H. (2009). Leveraging crowdsourcing: Activation-supporting components for IT-based ideas competition. Journal of Management Information Systems, 26(1), 197\u2013224.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"10676_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Q., & Gou, J. (2021). A conceptual framework of human-system interaction under uncertainty-based on shadow system perspective. In Proceedings of the Doctoral Conference on Computing, Electrical and Industrial Systems (DoCEIS),\u00a0Springer, Cham.\u00a0151\u2013160.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-78288-7_15"},{"key":"10676_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nijstad, B. A., & Stroebe, W. (2006). How the group affects the mind: cognitive model of idea generation in groups.Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(3), 186\u2013213.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr1003_1"},{"issue":"3","key":"10676_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240302","volume":"24","author":"K Peffers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., & Chatterjee, S. (2007). A design science research methodology for information systems research. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(3), 45\u201377.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10676_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2014.0462","volume":"42","author":"JE Perry-Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perry-Smith, J. E., & Mannucci, P. V. (2017). From creativity to innovation: The social network drivers of the four phases of the Idea journey. Academy of Management Review, 42(1), 53\u201379.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"10676_CR50","unstructured":"Pumplun, L., Tauchert, C., & Heidt, M. (2019). A new organizational chassis for artificial intelligence-exploring organizational readiness factors. In Proceedings of the Twenty seventh European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Stockholm & Uppsala, Sweden."},{"issue":"1","key":"10676_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2019\/431E0","volume":"43","author":"A Rai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rai, A., Constantinides, P., & Sarker, S. (2019). Next-generation digital platforms: Toward human-ai hybrids. MIS Quarterly, 43(1), iii\u2013ix.","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10676_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5755\/j01.itc.49.1.23801","volume":"49","author":"L Rakovi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rakovi\u0107, L., Sakal, M., Matkovi\u0107, P., & Mari\u0107, M. (2020). Shadow IT\u2013systematic literature review. Information Technology and Control, 49(1), 144\u2013160.","journal-title":"Information Technology and Control"},{"key":"10676_CR53","unstructured":"Ransbotham, S., Gerbert, P., Reeves, M., Kiron, D., & Spira, M. (2018). Artificial intelligence in business gets real. MIT Sloan Management Review."},{"key":"10676_CR54","unstructured":"Rentrop, C., & Zimmermann, S. (2012). Shadow IT evaluation model. In Proceedings of the 2012 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS). IEEE.\u00a0pp. 1023\u20131027."},{"key":"10676_CR55","volume-title":"Design principles for tools to support creative thinking","author":"M Resnick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Resnick, M., Myers, B., Nakakoji, K., Shneiderman, B., Pausch, R., Selker, T., & Eisenberg, M. (2005). Design principles for tools to support creative thinking. In Creativity suppport tools: Report from a USNational Science Foundation sponsored workshop."},{"key":"10676_CR56","unstructured":"Rhea, D. (2005). Bringing clarity to the fuzzy front end, a predictable process for innovation, design research. The MIT Press. Cambridge."},{"issue":"1","key":"10676_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551508092269","volume":"35","author":"J Rowley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rowley, J., & Slack, F. (2009). Conceptions of wisdom. Journal of Information Science, 35(1), 110\u2013119.","journal-title":"Journal of Iinformation Science"},{"key":"10676_CR58","volume-title":"Artificial intelligence: a modern approach","author":"S Russell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (1995). Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"10676_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandkuhl, K. (2019). Putting AI into context-method support for the introduction of artificial intelligence into organizations. In Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Business Informatics (CBI), IEEE.\u00a01, 157\u2013164","DOI":"10.1109\/CBI.2019.00025"},{"key":"10676_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santanen, E. L., Briggs, R. O., & de Vreede, G. J. (2003). The impact of stimulus diversity on creative solution generation: an evaluation of the cognitive network model of creativity. In Proceedings of the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE Computer Society Press.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2003.1174598"},{"issue":"4","key":"10676_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2004.11045783","volume":"20","author":"EL Santanen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Santanen, E. L., Briggs, R. O., & Vreede, G. J. D. (2004). Causal relationships in creative problem solving: Comparing facilitation interventions for ideation. Journal of Management Information Systems, 20(4), 167\u2013198.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10676_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2017.1393303","volume":"34","author":"I Seeber","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seeber, I., De Vreede, G. J., Maier, R., & Weber, B. (2017). Beyond brainstorming: Exploring convergence in teams. Journal of Management Information Systems, 34(4), 939\u2013969.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"10676_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.1741118","volume":"36","author":"B Shneiderman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shneiderman, B. (2020). Human-centered artificial intelligence: Reliable, safe & trustworthy. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 36(6), 495\u2013504.","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"10676_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2014.06.007","volume":"45","author":"M Silic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Silic, M., & Back, A. (2014). Shadow IT\u2013a view from behind the curtain. Computers & Security, 45, 274\u2013283.","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"10676_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.7250\/csimq.2016-8.06","volume":"8","author":"M Silic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silic, M., Silic, D., & Oblakovic, G. (2016). Influence of shadow IT on innovation in organizations. Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, 8, 68\u201380.","journal-title":"Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly"},{"issue":"8","key":"10676_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2017.02.007","volume":"54","author":"M Silic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silic, M., Barlow, J. B., & Back, A. (2017). A new perspective on neutralization and deterrence: Predicting shadow IT usage. Information & Management, 54(8), 1023\u20131037.","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"10676_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2162-6057.1998.tb00810.x","volume":"32","author":"GF Smith","year":"1998","unstructured":"Smith, G. F. (1998). Idea-generation techniques: A formulary of active ingredients. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 32(2), 107\u2013134.","journal-title":"The Journal of Creative Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10676_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2307\/2390603","volume":"3","author":"DW Taylor","year":"1958","unstructured":"Taylor, D. W., Berry, P. C., & Block, C. H. (1958). Does group participation when using brainstorming facilitate or inhibit creative thinking? Administrative Science Quarterly, 3(1), 23\u201347.","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"10676_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2023\/16700","volume":"48","author":"T Tuunanen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tuunanen, T., Winter, R., & Vom Brocke, J. (2024). Dealing with complexity in design science research. MIS Quarterly, 48(2), 427\u2013458.","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"10676_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2014.36","volume":"25","author":"J Venable","year":"2016","unstructured":"Venable, J., Pries-Heje, J., & Baskerville, R. (2016). FEDS: A framework for evaluation in design science research. European Journal of Information Systems, 25, 77\u201389.","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"10676_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weber, M., Limmer, N., & Weking, J. (2022). Where to Start with AI?\u2014identifying and prioritizing use cases for health insurance. In Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), IEEE.\u00a03962\u20133971.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2022.482"},{"key":"10676_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, M. (2023). Workarounds\u2013the challenges of AI. In M. White (Ed.) Workarounds: the benefits and the risks.","DOI":"10.1093\/combul\/bwad045"},{"key":"10676_CR73","unstructured":"Zimmermann, S., Rentrop, C., & Felden, C. (2014). Managing shadow IT instances\u2013a method to control autonomous IT solutions in the business departments. In Proceedings of the 20th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), Savannah."}],"container-title":["Information Systems Frontiers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10796-025-10676-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10796-025-10676-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10796-025-10676-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T08:57:56Z","timestamp":1784883476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10796-025-10676-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-025-10676-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-3326","1572-9419"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-3326","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9419","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted within a corporate setting, with prior authorization obtained from the organization. All data utilized in this research were anonymized to ensure confidentiality and comply with ethical guidelines.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors confirm that the participating enterprise has granted consent to publish anonymized data derived from this study. All data were processed to ensure confidentiality, and no identifiable information is disclosed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}