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While explainable AI (XAI) research has evolved to facilitate human interaction with such complex, black-box systems, research and practice lack clarity on the causal chain linking explanations, user perceptions, and real-world outcomes, a relationship that remains conceptually fragmented. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review of 107 experimental user studies on XAI. We developed a conceptual framework guided by the stimulus-organism-response-consequences (S-O-R-C) model to systematize current human-XAI research and examine how users respond to explanations. Our study contributes to the literature by clarifying how explanations shape user interactions and downstream effects in real-world settings. We propose five research directions to help navigate the challenges of emerging AI systems (e.g., LLMs, AI agents) and evolving human-AI delegation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-026-10716-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T07:12:14Z","timestamp":1777965134000},"page":"1233-1266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Explanations in Human-AI Interaction: A Systematic Review and Framework for Future Research on Explainable AI"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3207-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7171-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahei Manhai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8140-1516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1990-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Marco","family":"Leimeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"10716_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdul, A., von der Weth, C., Kankanhalli, M., & Lim, B. 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