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No synthesis, handling, or storage of CWAs occurred in this study. The work fully complies with international chemical weapon non-proliferation treaties (e.g., CWC) and aims solely to contribute to public safety, detection, and neutralization technologies. We emphasize that the insights gained from this research are intended solely for peaceful applications. Our ultimate goal aligns with global disarmament efforts: to eliminate the threat posed by chemical warfare agents through informed scientific understanding, improved safety protocols, and enhanced emergency response capabilities.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"87"}}