{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T17:01:14Z","timestamp":1765040474599},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comput Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-013-0491-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,30]],"date-time":"2013-11-30T05:14:07Z","timestamp":1385788447000},"page":"49-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Model-based prediction of fusimotor activity and its effect on muscle spindle activity during voluntary wrist movements"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Bernard","family":"Grandjean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"491_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.2.325","volume":"113","author":"NA al-Falahe","year":"1990","unstructured":"al-Falahe, N. A., Nagaoka, M., & Vallbo, A. B. (1990). Response profiles of human muscle afferents during active finger movements. Brain, 113(Pt 2), 325\u2013346.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"491_CR2","unstructured":"Banks RW, Hulliger M, Scheepstra KA, Otten E (1997). Pacemaker activity in a sensory ending with multiple encoding sites: the cat muscle spindle primary ending. Journal of Physiology, 498 (Pt 1):177\u201399."},{"key":"491_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000471","volume":"134","author":"M Bergenheim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bergenheim, M., Ribot-Ciscar, E., & Roll, J. P. (2000). Proprioceptive population coding of two-dimensional limb movements in humans. I. Muscle spindle feedback during spatially oriented movements. Experimental Brain Research, 134, 301\u2013310.","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"491_CR4","unstructured":"Brown IE, Scott SH, Loeb GE. (1996). Mechanics of feline soleus: II. Design and validation of a mathematical model. Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 17(2):221\u201333."},{"key":"491_CR5","unstructured":"Brown MC, Goodwin GM, Matthews PB. (1969). After-effects of fusimotor stimulation on the response of muscle spindle primary afferent endings. Journal of Physiology, 205(3):677\u201394."},{"issue":"4","key":"491_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.20.4.367","volume":"20","author":"TS Buchanan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buchanan, T. S., Lloyd, D. G., Manal, K., & Besier, T. F. (2004). Neuromusculoskeletal modeling: Estimation of muscle forces and joint moments and movements from measurements of neural command. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 20(4), 367\u2013395.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics"},{"key":"491_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012265","volume":"277","author":"D Burke","year":"1978","unstructured":"Burke, D., Hagbarth, K.-E., & Lofstedt, L. (1978). Muscle spindle activity in man during shortening and lengthening contractions. Journal of Physiology (London), 277, 131\u2013142.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"key":"491_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1964.sp007476","volume":"174","author":"A Crowe","year":"1964","unstructured":"Crowe, A., & Matthews, P. B. (1964). The effects of stimulation of static and dynamic fusimotor fibres on the response to stretching of the primary endings of muscle spindles. Journal of Physiology (London), 174, 109\u2013131.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"issue":"Pt 22","key":"491_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5455","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.160036","volume":"586","author":"M Dimitriou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dimitriou, M., & Edin, B. (2008). Discharges in human muscle spindle afferents during a keypressing task. Journal of Physiology (London), 586(Pt 22), 5455\u20135470.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"issue":"6","key":"491_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.63.6.1297","volume":"63","author":"BB Edin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Edin, B. B., & Vallbo, A. B. (1990a). Dynamic response of human muscle spindle afferents to stretch. Journal of Neurophysiology, 63(6), 1297\u201306.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"491_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.63.6.1307","volume":"63","author":"BB Edin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Edin, B. B., & Vallbo, A. B. (1990b). Muscle afferent responses to isometric contractions and relaxations in humans. Journal of Neurophysiology, 63(6), 1307\u20131313.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"491_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp005017","volume":"122","author":"E Eldred","year":"1953","unstructured":"Eldred, E., Granit, R., & Merton, P. A. (1953). Supraspinal control of the muscle spindle and its significance. Journal of Physiology (London), 122, 498\u2013523.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"key":"491_CR13","unstructured":"Emonet-D\u00e9nand F, Hunt CC, Laporte Y. (1985). Effects of stretch on dynamic fusimotor after-effects in cat muscle spindles. Journal of Physiology 360:201\u201313."},{"key":"491_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62241-4","volume":"80","author":"EE Fetz","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fetz, E. E., Cheney, P. D., Mewes, K., & Palmer, S. (1990). Control of forelimb muscle activity by populations of corticomotoneuronal and rubromotoneuronal cells. Progress in Brain Research, 80, 437\u2013449.","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"491_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.60.4.1268","volume":"60","author":"D Flament","year":"1988","unstructured":"Flament, D., & Hore, J. (1988). Relations of motor cortex neural discharge to kinematics of passive and active elbow movements in the monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 60(4), 1268\u20131284.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"491_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.67.4.875","volume":"67","author":"D Flament","year":"1992","unstructured":"Flament, D., Fortier, P. A., & Fetz, E. E. (1992). Response patterns and post-spike effects of peripheral afferents in dorsal root ganglia of behaving monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 67, 875\u2013889.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"491_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1540105","volume":"31","author":"BA Garner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Garner, B. A., & Pandy, M. G. (2003). Estimation of musculotendon properties in the human upper limb. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 31(2), 207\u2013220.","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"491_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011186","volume":"253","author":"GM Goodwin","year":"1975","unstructured":"Goodwin, G. M., Hulliger, M., & Matthews, P. B. (1975). The effects of fusimotor stimulation during small amplitude stretching on the frequency-response of the primary ending of the mammalian muscle spindle. Journal of Physiology (London), 253(1), 175\u2013206.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"key":"491_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1975.38.3.560","volume":"38","author":"GM Goodwin","year":"1975","unstructured":"Goodwin, G. M., & Luschei, E. S. (1975). Discharge of spindle afferents from jaw-closing muscles during chewing in alert monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 38, 560\u2013571.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"491_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.49.4.989","volume":"49","author":"Z Hasan","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hasan, Z. (1983). A model of spindle afferent response to muscle stretch. Journal of Neurophysiology, 49(4), 989\u20131006.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"491_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.012756","volume":"539","author":"RD Herbert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Herbert, R. D., Moseley, A. M., Butler, J. E., & Gandevia, S. C. (2002). Change in length of relaxed muscle fascicles and tendons with knee and ankle movement in humans. Journal of Physiology (London), 539(Pt 2), 637\u2013645.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"key":"491_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0027694","volume":"101","author":"M Hulliger","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hulliger, M. (1984). The mammalian muscle spindle and its central control. Review of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, 101, 1\u2013110.","journal-title":"Review of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology"},{"key":"491_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62202-5","volume":"80","author":"M Hulliger","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hulliger, M., D\u00fcrm\u00fcller, N., Prochazka, A., & Trend, P. (1989). Flexible fusimotor control of muscle spindle feedback during a variety of natural movements. Progress in Brain Research, 80, 87\u2013101.","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"key":"491_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp011840","volume":"267","author":"M Hulliger","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hulliger, M., Matthews, P. B. C., & Noth, J. (1977a). Effects of combining static and dynamic fusimotor stimulation of the response of the muscle spindle primary ending to sinusoidal stretching. Journal of Physiology (London), 267, 839\u2013856.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"key":"491_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp011839","volume":"267","author":"M Hulliger","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hulliger, M., Matthews, P. B. C., & Noth, J. (1977b). Static and dynamic fusimotor action on the response of Ia fibres to low frequency sinusoidal stretching of widely ranging amplitudes. Journal of Physiology (London), 267, 811\u2013836.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"key":"491_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1985.sp015687","volume":"362","author":"M Hulliger","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hulliger, M., Nordh, E., & Vallbo, A. B. (1985). Discharge in muscle spindle afferents related to direction of slow precision movements in man. Journal of Physiology (London), 362, 437\u2013453.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"491_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0635c.xd","volume":"536","author":"KE Jones","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jones, K. E., Wessberg, J., & Vallbo, A. B. (2001). Directional tuning of human forearm muscle afferents during voluntary wrist movements. Journal of Physiology (London), 536(Pt 2), 635\u2013647.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"491_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00397.x","volume":"527","author":"N Kakuda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kakuda, N. (2000). Response of human muscle spindle afferents to sinusoidal stretching with a wide range of amplitudes. Journal of Physiology (London), 527(Pt 2), 397\u2013404.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"491_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.621bb.x","volume":"513","author":"N Kakuda","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kakuda, N., & Nagaoka, M. (1998). Dynamic response of human muscle spindle afferents to stretch during voluntary contraction. Journal of Physiology (London), 513(Pt 2), 621\u2013628.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"issue":"4","key":"491_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00431-9","volume":"76","author":"AI Kostyukov","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kostyukov, A. I., & Cherkassky, V. L. (1997). Interaction of the movement-dependent, extrafusal and fusimotor after-effects in the firing of the primary spindle endings. Neuroscience, 76(4), 1257\u20131266.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"491_CR31","first-page":"66","volume":"6","author":"N Lan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lan, N., & He, X. (2012). Fusimotor control of spindle sensitivity regulates central and peripheral coding of joint angles. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 6, 66.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience"},{"key":"491_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.1968.tb10866.x","volume":"73","author":"G Lennerstrand","year":"1968","unstructured":"Lennerstrand, G. (1968a). Position and velocity sensitivity of muscle spindles in the cat. I. Primary and secondary endings deprived of fusimotor activation. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia, 73, 281\u2013299.","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Scandinavia"},{"key":"491_CR33","first-page":"257","volume":"74","author":"G Lennerstrand","year":"1968","unstructured":"Lennerstrand, G. (1968b). Position and velocity sensitivity of muscle spindles in the cat. IV. Interaction between two fusimotor fibres converging on the same spindle ending. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia, 74, 257\u2013273.","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Scandinavia"},{"key":"491_CR34","first-page":"16","volume":"74","author":"G Lennerstrand","year":"1968","unstructured":"Lennerstrand, G., & Thoden, U. (1968a). Position and velocity sensitivity of muscle spindles in the cat. II. Dynamic fusimotor single-fiber activation of primary endings. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia, 74, 16\u201329.","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Scandinavia"},{"key":"491_CR35","first-page":"30","volume":"74","author":"G Lennerstrand","year":"1968","unstructured":"Lennerstrand, G., & Thoden, U. (1968b). Position and velocity sensitivity of muscle spindles in the cat. III. Static fusimotor single-fiber activation of primary and secondary endings. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia, 74, 30\u201349.","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Scandinavia"},{"issue":"2","key":"491_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90103-X","volume":"15","author":"RL Lieber","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lieber, R. L., Fazeli, B. M., & Botte, M. J. (1990). Architecture of selected wrist flexor and extensor muscles. Journal of Hand Surgery American, 15(2), 244\u2013250.","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery American"},{"issue":"1","key":"491_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1433488","volume":"30","author":"CC Lin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lin, C. C., & Crago, P. E. (2002). Structural model of the muscle spindle. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 30(1), 68\u201383.","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"491_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00942.2002","volume":"89","author":"MG Maltenfort","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maltenfort, M. G., & Burke, R. E. (2003). Spindle model responsive to mixed fusimotor inputs and testable predictions of beta feedback effects. Journal of Neurophysiology, 89(5), 2797\u20132809.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"491_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008719","volume":"200","author":"PB Matthews","year":"1969","unstructured":"Matthews, P. B., & Stein, R. B. (1969). The sensitivity of muscle spindle afferents to small sinusoidal changes of length. Journal of Physiology (London), 200(3), 723\u2013743.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"issue":"4","key":"491_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00868.2005","volume":"96","author":"MP Mileusnic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mileusnic, M. P., Brown, I. E., Lan, N., & Loeb, G. E. (2006). Mathematical models of proprioceptors. I. Control and transduction in the muscle spindle. Journal of Neurophysiology, 96(4), 1772\u20131788.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"491_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00869.2005","volume":"96","author":"MP Mileusnic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mileusnic, M. P., & Loeb, G. E. (2006). Mathematical models of proprioceptors. II. Structure and function of the Golgi tendon organ. Journal of Neurophysiology, 96(4), 1789\u20131802.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"491_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015477","volume":"356","author":"DL Morgan","year":"1984","unstructured":"Morgan, D. L., Prochazka, A., & Proske, U. (1984). The after-effects of stretch and fusimotor stimulation on the responses of primary endings of cat muscle spindles. Journal of Physiology (London), 356, 465\u2013477.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"issue":"2","key":"491_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1984.52.2.228","volume":"52","author":"PR Murphy","year":"1984","unstructured":"Murphy, P. R., Stein, R. B., & Taylor, J. (1984). Phasic and tonic modulation of impulse rates in gamma-motoneurons during locomotion in premammillary cats. Journal of Neurophysiology, 52(2), 228\u2013243.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"491_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1970.33.1.59","volume":"33","author":"RE Poppele","year":"1970","unstructured":"Poppele, R. E., & Bowman, R. J. (1970). Quantitative description of linear behavior of mammalian muscle spindles. Journal of Neurophysiology, 33(1), 59\u201372.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"491_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prochazka, A. (1996). Proprioceptive feedback and movement regulation. In: Handbook of Physiology. Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple Systems. Bethesda, MD: Am Physiol Soc, sect. 12, part I, p. 89 \u2013127.","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp120103"},{"issue":"1","key":"491_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90632-8","volume":"339","author":"A Prochazka","year":"1985","unstructured":"Prochazka, A., Hulliger, M., Zangger, P., & Appenteng, K. (1985). \u2018Fusimotor set\u2019: new evidence for alpha-independent control of gamma-motoneurones during movement in the awake cat. Brain Research, 339(1), 136\u2013140.","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"491_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(93)90032-N","volume":"41","author":"U Proske","year":"1993","unstructured":"Proske, U., Morgan, D. L., & Gregory, J. E. (1993). Thixotropy in skeletal muscle and in muscle spindles: a review. Progress in Neurobiology, 41(6), 705\u2013721.","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"491_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp018357","volume":"431","author":"JC Rothwell","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rothwell, J. C., Gandevia, S. C., & Burke, D. (1990). Activation of fusimotor neurones by motor cortical stimulation in human subjects. Journal of Physiology (London), 431, 743\u2013756.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"key":"491_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.6.1297","volume":"65","author":"A Schaafsma","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schaafsma, A., Otten, E., & Van Willigen, J. D. (1991). A muscle spindle model for primary afferent firing based on a simulation of intrafusal mechanical events. Journal of Neurophysiology, 65, 1297\u20131312.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"491_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(91)90361-P","volume":"24","author":"SH Scott","year":"1991","unstructured":"Scott, S. H., & Winter, D. A. (1991). A comparison of three muscle pennation assumptions and their effect on isometric and isotonic force. Journal of Biomechanics, 24(2), 163\u2013167.","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"2","key":"491_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00124243","volume":"17","author":"SH Scott","year":"1996","unstructured":"Scott, S. H., Brown, I. E., & Loeb, G. E. (1996). Mechanics of feline soleus: I. Effect of fascicle length and velocity on force output. Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 17(2), 207\u2013219.","journal-title":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility"},{"key":"491_CR52","unstructured":"Stark E, Drori R, Asher I, Ben-Shaul Y, Abeles M. (2007). Distinct movement parameters are represented by different neurons in the motor cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience, 26(4):1055\u201366."},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"491_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1139\/y04-053","volume":"82","author":"A Taylor","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taylor, A., Durbaba, R., & Ellaway, P. H. (2004). Direct and indirect assessment of gamma-motor firing patterns. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 82(8\u20139), 793\u2013802.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"491_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.101634","volume":"571","author":"A Taylor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Taylor, A., Durbaba, R., Ellaway, P. H., & Rawlinson, S. (2006). Static and dynamic \u03b3 -motor output to ankle flexor muscles during locomotion in the decerebrate cat. Journal of Physiology (London), 571, 711\u2013723.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"key":"491_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00825.x","volume":"529","author":"A Taylor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Taylor, A., Ellaway, P. H., Durbaba, R., & Rawlinson, S. (2000). Distinctive patterns of static and dynamic gamma motor activity during locomotion in the decerebrate cat. Journal of Physiology (London), 529, 825\u2013836.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"issue":"1","key":"491_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1531112","volume":"125","author":"DG Thelen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thelen, D. G. (2003). Adjustment of muscle mechanics model parameters to simulate dynamic contractions in older adults. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 125(1), 70\u201377.","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"491_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15A","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1971.tb05021.x","volume":"82","author":"\u00c5B Vallbo","year":"1971","unstructured":"Vallbo, \u00c5. B. (1971). Time difference between onset of spindle acceleration and skeletomotor activation in isometric voluntary contractions in man. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia, 82(3), 15A\u201316A.","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Scandinavia"},{"issue":"2","key":"491_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90443-7","volume":"237","author":"\u00c5B Vallbo","year":"1982","unstructured":"Vallbo, \u00c5. B., & Hulliger, M. (1982). The dependence of discharge rate of spindle afferent units on the size of the load during isotonic position holding in man. Brain Research, 237(2), 297\u2013307.","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"491_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp021015","volume":"488","author":"LR Wilson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wilson, L. R., Gandevia, S. C., & Burke, D. (1995). Increased resting discharge of human spindle afferents following voluntary contractions. Journal of Physiology (London), 488(Pt 3), 833\u2013840.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology (London)"},{"key":"491_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2007.03.010","volume":"73","author":"U Windhorst","year":"2007","unstructured":"Windhorst, U. (2007). Muscle proprioceptive feedback and spinal networks. Brain Research Bulletin, 73, 155\u2013202.","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"key":"491_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2007.11.009","volume":"75","author":"U Windhorst","year":"2008","unstructured":"Windhorst, U. (2008). Muscle spindles are multi-functional (Technical comment). Brain Research Bulletin, 75, 507\u2013508.","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"key":"491_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-9030-5_5","volume-title":"Multiple muscle systems: Biomechanics and movement organization","author":"JM Winters","year":"1990","unstructured":"Winters, J. M. (1990). Hill-based muscle models: a system engineering perspective. In J. M. Winters & S. Woo (Eds.), Multiple muscle systems: Biomechanics and movement organization (pp. 69\u201393). London: Springer."},{"issue":"4","key":"491_CR63","first-page":"359","volume":"17","author":"FE Zajac","year":"1989","unstructured":"Zajac, F. E. (1989). Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control. Critical Review in Biomedical Engineering, 17(4), 359\u2013411.","journal-title":"Critical Review in Biomedical Engineering"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computational Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10827-013-0491-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10827-013-0491-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10827-013-0491-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T03:30:37Z","timestamp":1647574237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10827-013-0491-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10827-013-0491-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-5313","1573-6873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-5313","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]}}}