{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:40:47Z","timestamp":1767339647504,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020J01500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020J01500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fujian Province Digital Economy Alliance, the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. U1905211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. U1905211"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Electron Test"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10836-024-06103-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T18:08:53Z","timestamp":1709834933000},"page":"87-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reactant and Waste Minimization during Sample Preparation on Micro-Electrode-Dot-Array Digital Microfluidic Biochips using Splitting Trees"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7546-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhenyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"6103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1109\/ISED.2013.22","volume":"5","author":"S Bhattacharjee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee S, Banerjee A, Ho TY et al (2013) On producing linear dilution gradient of a sample with a digital microfluidic biochip. IEEE Comput Soc USA 5:77\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISED.2013.22","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Soc USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2018.2834413","volume":"38","author":"S Bhattacharjee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee S, Banerjee A, Ho TY et al (2019) Efficient generation of dilution gradients with digital microfluidic biochips. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 38(5):874\u2013887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCAD.2018.2834413","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2016.2597225","volume":"36","author":"S Bhattacharjee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee S, Poddar S, Roy S et al (2016) Dilution and mixing algorithms for flow-based microfluidic biochips. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 36(4):614\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCAD.2016.2597225","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst"},{"key":"6103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dong C, Liu L, Liu H et\u00a0al (2020) A survey of dmfbs security: State-of-the-art attack and defense. In: 2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED), p 14\u201320.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISQED48828.2020.9137016","DOI":"10.1109\/ISQED48828.2020.9137016"},{"key":"6103_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.04.041","volume":"193\u2013194","author":"D Friedrich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Friedrich D, Please CP, Melvin T (2012) Design of novel microfluidic concentration gradient generators suitable for linear and exponential concentration ranges. Chem Eng J 193\u2013194:296\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2012.04.041","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/3494697","volume":"27","author":"W Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo W, Lian S, Dong C et al (2022) A survey on security of digital microfluidic biochips: Technology, attack, and defense. ACM Trans Des Autom Electron Syst 27(4):33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3494697","journal-title":"ACM Trans Des Autom Electron Syst"},{"key":"6103_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang X, Liang CC, Li J et\u00a0al (2019) Open-source incubation ecosystem for digital microfluidics \u2013 status and roadmap: Invited paper. In: 2019 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD), p 1\u20136.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCAD45719.2019.8942172","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD45719.2019.8942172"},{"key":"6103_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang HC, Liang CC, Wang Q et\u00a0al (2022) Nr-router: Non-regular electrode routing with optimal pin selection for electrowetting-on-dielectric chips. In: 2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), p 56\u201361.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712567","DOI":"10.1109\/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712567"},{"key":"6103_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang JD, Liu CH, Chiang TW (2012) Reactant minimization during sample preparation on digital microfluidic biochips using skewed mixing trees. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 7, p 377\u2013383.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2429384.2429464","DOI":"10.1145\/2429384.2429464"},{"issue":"10","key":"6103_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2013.2263035","volume":"32","author":"JD Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang JD, Liu CH, Lin HS (2013) Reactant and waste minimization in multitarget sample preparation on digital microfluidic biochips. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 32(10):1484\u20131494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCAD.2013.2263035","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst"},{"key":"6103_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, Juinn-Dar, Liu et\u00a0al (2015) Reactant minimization in sample preparation on digital microfluidic biochips. p 1429\u20131440.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCAD.2015.2418286","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2015.2418286"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2013.2284010","volume":"33","author":"YL Hsieh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hsieh YL, Ho TY, Chakrabarty K (2014) Biochip synthesis and dynamic error recovery for sample preparation using digital microfluidics. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 33(2):183\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCAD.2013.2284010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1021\/ac8021554","volume":"81","author":"MJ Jebrail","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jebrail MJ, Wheeler AR (2009) Digital microfluidic method for protein extraction by precipitation. Anal Chem 81(1):330\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac8021554","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12053263","volume":"12","author":"CY Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee CY, Chang CL, Wang YN et al (2011) Microfluidic mixing: A review. Int J Mol Sci 12(5):3263\u20133287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms12053263","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6103_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02964-7","volume-title":"Micro-Electrode-Dot-Array Digital Microfluidic Biochips: Design Automation, Optimization, and Test Techniques","author":"Z Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Z, Chakrabarty K, Ho TY et al (2019) Micro-Electrode-Dot-Array Digital Microfluidic Biochips: Design Automation, Optimization, and Test Techniques. Design Automation, Optimization, and Test Techniques, Micro-Electrode-Dot-Array Digital Microfluidic Biochips"},{"issue":"6","key":"6103_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2017.2742548","volume":"11","author":"Z Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Z, Lai KYT, Chakrabarty K et al (2017) Droplet size-aware and error-correcting sample preparation using micro-electrode-dot-array digital microfluidic biochips. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 11(6):1380\u20131391","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst"},{"issue":"99","key":"6103_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"PP","author":"Z Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Z, Lai YT, Chakrabarty K et al (2017) Droplet size-aware and error-correcting sample preparation using micro-electrode-dot-array digital microfluidic biochips. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst PP(99):1\u201312","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst"},{"key":"6103_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Z, Lai KYT, Yu PH et\u00a0al (2016) High-level synthesis for micro-electrode-dot-array digital microfluidic biochips. In: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Design Automation Conference. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 146, p\u00a06.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2897937.2898028","DOI":"10.1145\/2897937.2898028"},{"key":"6103_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang TC, Chan YS, Ho TY et\u00a0al (2019) Sample preparation for multiple-reactant bioassays on micro-electrode-dot-array biochips. In: Proceedings of the 24th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 6, p 468\u2013473.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3287624.3287708","DOI":"10.1145\/3287624.3287708"},{"issue":"10","key":"6103_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2019.2942002","volume":"39","author":"TC Liang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang TC, Chan YS, Ho TY et al (2020) Multitarget sample preparation using meda biochips. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 39(10):2682\u20132695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCAD.2019.2942002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst"},{"issue":"8","key":"6103_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2014.2323200","volume":"33","author":"D Mitra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mitra D, Roy S, Bhattacharjee S et al (2014) On-chip sample preparation for multiple targets using digital microfluidics. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 33(8):1131\u20131144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCAD.2014.2323200","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst"},{"key":"6103_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill AT, Monteiro-Riviere N, Walker GM (2006) A serial dilution microfluidic device for cytotoxicity assays. In: 2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, New York, NY, USA, p 2836\u20132839.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IEMBS.2006.259270","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2006.259270"},{"issue":"5804","key":"6103_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1131370","volume":"314","author":"EA Ottesen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ottesen EA, Hong JW, Quake SR et al (2006) Microfluidic digital PCR enables multigene analysis of individual environmental bacteria. Lab on a Chip 314(5804):1464\u20131467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1131370","journal-title":"Lab on a Chip"},{"key":"6103_CR24","unstructured":"Poddar S, Bhattarcharjee S, Nandy SC et\u00a0al (2018) Optimization of multi-target sample preparation on-demand with digital microfluidic biochips. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst, p 1\u20131"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041271","volume":"18","author":"PL Quan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quan PL, Sauzade M, Brouzes E (2018) dpcr: a technology review. Sensors 18(4):1271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18041271","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"6103_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ren H, Srinivasan V, Fair RB (2003) Design and testing of an interpolating mixing architecture for electrowetting-based droplet-on-chip chemical dilution. In: TRANSDUCERS\u201903. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No. 03TH8664), p 619\u2013622.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SENSOR.2003.1215549","DOI":"10.1109\/SENSOR.2003.1215549"},{"issue":"11","key":"6103_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2010.2061790","volume":"29","author":"S Roy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roy S, Bhattacharya BB, Chakrabarty K (2010) Optimization of dilution and mixing of biochemical samples using digital microfluidic biochips. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 29(11):1696\u20131708","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst"},{"key":"6103_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roy S, Bhattacharya BB, Chakrabarty K (2011) Waste-aware dilution and mixing of biochemical samples with digital microfluidic biochips. In: 2011 Design, Automation & Test in Europe. IEEE, Grenoble, France, p 1\u20136.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/DATE.2011.5763174","DOI":"10.1109\/DATE.2011.5763174"},{"issue":"4839","key":"6103_CR29","first-page":"487","volume":"239","author":"RK Saiki","year":"1988","unstructured":"Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S et al (1988) Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable. DNA polymerase 239(4839):487\u2013491","journal-title":"DNA polymerase"},{"issue":"23","key":"6103_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3949","DOI":"10.1039\/c1lc20709a","volume":"11","author":"M Sun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sun M, Bithi SS, Vanapalli SA (2011) Microfluidic static droplet arrays with tuneable gradients in material composition. Lab on a Chip 11(23):3949\u20133952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c1lc20709a","journal-title":"Lab on a Chip"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-006-9032-6","volume":"7","author":"W Thies","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thies W, Urbanski JP, Amarasinghe TS (2008) Abstraction layers for scalable microfluidic biocomputing. Nat Comput 7(2):255\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11047-006-9032-6","journal-title":"Nat Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1039\/B608990A","volume":"7","author":"GM Walker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walker GM, Monteiro-Riviere N, Rouse J et al (2007) A linear dilution microfluidic device for cytotoxicity assays. Lab on A Chip 7(2):226\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/B608990A","journal-title":"Lab on A Chip"},{"issue":"21","key":"6103_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4212","DOI":"10.1039\/C6LC00758A","volume":"16","author":"J Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang J, Brisk P, Grover WH (2016) Random design of microfluidics. Lab on A Chip 16(21):4212\u20134219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C6LC00758A","journal-title":"Lab on A Chip"},{"issue":"10","key":"6103_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3236","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2023.3244524","volume":"42","author":"L Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li Z, Huang X et al (2023) Enhanced built-in self-diagnosis and self-repair techniques for daisy-chain design in meda digital microfluidic biochips. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 42(10):3236\u20133249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCAD.2023.3244524","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst"},{"issue":"13","key":"6103_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1039\/c1lc20126c","volume":"11","author":"Q Zhong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhong Q, Bhattacharya S, Kotsopoulos S et al (2011) Multiplex digital PCR: breaking the one target per color barrier of quantitative. PCR 11(13):2167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c1lc20126c","journal-title":"PCR"}],"container-title":["Journal of Electronic Testing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10836-024-06103-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10836-024-06103-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10836-024-06103-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T06:15:15Z","timestamp":1715148915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10836-024-06103-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["6103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10836-024-06103-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0923-8174","1573-0727"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0923-8174"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-0727"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}