{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T09:52:34Z","timestamp":1773481954015,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002666","name":"Aalto University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Intell Inf Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this work was to develop a technique to speed up complex joins in an incremental visual query system. When designing a visual, highly interactive interface for ad-hoc (read-only) queries, fast response times are of paramount importance. While a column-oriented DBMS reduces the inherent latency found in relational DBMS, there is still the question of how to index the data, especially so as to support complex joins. Equi-joins that involve a many-to-many relationship are an example of complex joins that arise frequently and whose efficient processing is essential for fast query processing. We present OVI-3, a NoSQL visual query system based on incremental querying that uses a simple directory-based indexing scheme for faster processing of such complex joins. The system has been piloted using real data from a student database at Aalto University. The results demonstrated that for certain complex joins the presented indexing scheme outperforms SQL queries from a data server, especially for queries involving anti-joins (negation), where OVI-3 provided an orders of magnitude speed improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10844-022-00742-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T15:10:07Z","timestamp":1663773007000},"page":"777-801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["OVI-3: A NoSQL visual query system supporting efficient anti-joins"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sami","family":"El-Mahgary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eljas","family":"Soisalon-Soininen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Orponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petri","family":"R\u00f6nnholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Hyypp\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"742_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abadi, D.J., Madden, S.R., & Hachem, N. (2008). Column-stores vs. row-stores: How different are they really? . In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (pp. 967\u2013980). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/1376616.1376712"},{"issue":"11","key":"742_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.14778\/3236187.3236195","volume":"11","author":"D Agrawal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agrawal, D., Chawla, S., Contreras-Rojas, B., & et al. (2018). RHEEM: Enabling Cross-platform data processing: May the big data be with you!. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 11(11), 1414\u20131427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/3236187.3236195.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"742_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahlberg, C., & Shneiderman, B. (1994). Visual information seeking: Tight coupling of dynamic query filters with starfield displays. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 313\u2013317). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/191666.191775"},{"key":"742_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, T., Pedersen, T.B., & Lu, H. (2013). A data warehouse solution for analyzing RFID-based baggage tracking data. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 14th International Conference on Mobile Data Management (pp. 283\u2013292). Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society.","DOI":"10.1109\/MDM.2013.42"},{"issue":"13","key":"742_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.14778\/2733004.2733061","volume":"7","author":"Z Alavi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alavi, Z., Zhou, L., Powers, J., & et al. (2014). RASP-QS: Efficient And confidential query services in the cloud. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 7(13), 1685\u20131688.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"2","key":"742_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1145\/1131342.1131344","volume":"53","author":"A Atserias","year":"2006","unstructured":"Atserias, A., Dawar, A., & Kolaitis, P.G. (2006). On preservation under homomorphisms and unions of conjunctive queries. Journal of the ACM, 53(2), 208\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1131342.1131344.","journal-title":"Journal of the ACM"},{"key":"742_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakke, E., & Karger, D.R. (2016). Expressive query construction through direct manipulation of nested relational results. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data (pp. 1377\u20131392). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/2882903.2915210"},{"issue":"11","key":"742_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.14778\/2350229.2350250","volume":"5","author":"V B\u00e1r\u00e1ny","year":"2012","unstructured":"B\u00e1r\u00e1ny, V, ten Cate, B., & Otto, M. (2012). Queries with guarded negation. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 5(11), 1328\u20131339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/2350229.2350250.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"742_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bellatreche, L., & Boukhalfa, K. (2005). An evolutionary approach to schema partitioning selection in a data warehouse. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery (pp. 115\u2013125). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11546849_12","DOI":"10.1007\/11546849_12"},{"key":"742_CR10","unstructured":"Benzi, F., Maio, D., & Rizzi, S. (1996). Visionary: A visual query language based on the user viewpoint approach. In J. Kennedy P. Barclay (Eds.) Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Interfaces to Databases, 8-10 July 1996 (pp. 6\u20131\u20136\u201313). Edinburgh, IDS-3: Springer, Napier University."},{"issue":"4","key":"742_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.164.0363","volume":"16","author":"MW Blasgen","year":"1977","unstructured":"Blasgen, M.W., & Eswaran, K.P. (1977). Storage and access in relational data bases. IBM Systems Journal, 16(4), 363\u2013377.","journal-title":"IBM Systems Journal"},{"key":"742_CR12","unstructured":"Bouchez, A. (2010). mORMot Open Source Benchmarks. https:\/\/synopse.info\/forum\/viewtopic.php?pid=1011, [Online; accessed 09-May-2022]."},{"key":"742_CR13","unstructured":"Bouchez, A. (2018). Synopse mORMot Framework v.1.18. https:\/\/synopse.info\/files\/html\/Synopse18.html, [Online; accessed 7-Jan-2018]."},{"key":"742_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1006\/jvlc.1997.0037","volume":"8","author":"T Catarci","year":"1997","unstructured":"Catarci, T., Costabile, M.F., Levialdi, S., & et al. (1997). Visual query systems for databases: a survey. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, 8, 215\u2013260.","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Languages and Computing"},{"issue":"1","key":"742_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1109\/69.43410","volume":"1","author":"S Ceri","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ceri, S., Gottlob, G., & Tanca, L. (1989). What you always wanted to know about datalog (and never dared to ask). IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1(1), 146\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/69.43410.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"key":"742_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Culpepper, J.S., & Moffat, A. (2007). Compact set representation for information retrieval. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval (pp. 137\u2013148). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-75530-2_13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75530-2_13"},{"key":"742_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derthick, M., Harrison, J., Moore, A., & et al. (1999). Efficient multi-object dynamic query histograms. In Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (pp. 84\u201391). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.1999.801862"},{"key":"742_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eichmann, P., Zgraggen, E., Binnig, C., & et al. (2020). Idebench: A benchmark for interactive data exploration. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (pp. 1555\u20131569).","DOI":"10.1145\/3318464.3380574"},{"issue":"C","key":"742_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvlc.2015.03.001","volume":"29","author":"S El-Mahgary","year":"2015","unstructured":"El-Mahgary, S., & Soisalon-Soininen, E. (2015). A form-based query interface for complex queries. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, 29(C), 15\u201353.","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Languages and Computing"},{"key":"742_CR20","unstructured":"Embarcadero Technologies. (2018). Delphi Homepage. https:\/\/www.embarcadero.com\/products\/delphi, [Online; accessed 4-Jan-2018]."},{"key":"742_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00450-016-0334-3","volume":"32","author":"F Gessert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gessert, F., Wingerath, W., Friedrich, S., & et al. (2017). NoSQL database systems: a survey and decision guidance. Computer Science - Research and Development, 32, 353\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00450-016-0334-3.","journal-title":"Computer Science - Research and Development"},{"key":"742_CR22","unstructured":"Goodman, J.R. (1980). An investigation of multiprocessor structures and algorithms for data base management. PhD thesis, University of California, Berkeley."},{"key":"742_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Greco, S., & Molinaro, C. (2016). In Z. Meral \u00d6zsoyo\u011flu (Ed.) Datalog and Logic Databases. Synthesis Lectures on Data Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2200\/S00648ED1V01Y201505DTM041. Morgan & Claypool Publishers.","DOI":"10.2200\/S00648ED1V01Y201505DTM041"},{"key":"742_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2015.06.002","volume":"35","author":"V Guti\u00e9rrez-Basulto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Basulto, V, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-garc\u00eda, Y., Kontchakovc, R., & et al. (2015). Queries with negation and inequalities over lightweight ontologies. Journal of Web Semantics, 35, 184\u2013202.","journal-title":"Journal of Web Semantics"},{"key":"742_CR25","unstructured":"Hamdi, M., Yu, F., Alswedani, S., & et al. (2017). An efficient data structure for fast join query processing. In IEEE Technically sponsored future technologies conference (FTC) 2017 (pp. 483\u2013492)."},{"key":"742_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Idreos, S., Kersten, M.L., & Manegold, S. (2009). Self-organizing tuple reconstruction in column-stores. In Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (pp. 297\u2013308). ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/1559845.1559878"},{"key":"742_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilyas, I.F., Aref, W.G., & Elmagarmid, A.K. (2004). Supporting top-k join queries in relational databases. The VLDB Journal, 13(3), 207\u2013221.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-004-0128-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"742_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1986.1663255","volume":"19","author":"JA Larson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Larson, J.A. (1986). A visual approach to browsing in a database environment. Computer, 19(6), 62\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MC.1986.1663255.","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"742_CR29","unstructured":"Lazarus. (2018). Lazarus homepage. https:\/\/www.lazarus-ide.org\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"742_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s007780050071","volume":"8","author":"Z Li","year":"1999","unstructured":"Li, Z., & Ross, K.A. (1999). Fast joins using join indices. The VLDB Journal, 8(1), 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s007780050071.","journal-title":"The VLDB Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"742_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346452","volume":"20","author":"Z Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu, Z., & Heer, J. (2014). The effects of interactive latency on exploratory visual analysis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 20 (12), 2122\u20132131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346452.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"issue":"1","key":"742_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10844-009-0087-6","volume":"35","author":"A Lo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lo, A., \u00d6zyer, T., Kianmehr, K., & et al. (2010). VIREX and VRXQuery: Interactive approach for visual querying of relational databases to produce XML. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, 35(1), 21\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10844-009-0087-6.","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems"},{"key":"742_CR33","unstructured":"Minock, M. (2003). Knowledge representation using schema tuple queries. In Proc. of KRDB 2003, Hamburg, Germany, September 15-16, 2003, Vol. 79. IEEE Computer Society Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"742_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1145\/128762.128764","volume":"24","author":"P Mishra","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mishra, P., & Eich, M.H. (1992). Join processing in relational databases. ACM Computing Surveys, 24(1), 63\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/128762.128764.","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"742_CR35","unstructured":"Molina, H.G., Ullman, J.D., & Widom, J. (2009). Database Systems, 2nd edn. Pearson Prentice Hall."},{"key":"742_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morfonios, K., & Ioannidis, Y. (2008). Supporting the data cube lifecycle: the power of ROLAP. The VLDB Journal, 17(4), 729\u2013764.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-006-0036-8"},{"issue":"12","key":"742_CR37","first-page":"1466","volume":"4","author":"A Nandi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nandi, A., & Jagadish, H.V. (2011). Guided interaction: Rethinking the query-result paradigm. PVLDB, 4(12), 1466\u20131469.","journal-title":"PVLDB"},{"key":"742_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schweikardt, N., Schwentick, T., & Segoufin, L. (2010). Database Theory: Query Languages, 2nd edn., CRC Press, pp 1\u201348.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781584888215-c19"},{"issue":"6","key":"742_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1145\/235809.235814","volume":"43","author":"S Sippu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sippu, S., & Soisalon-Soininen, E. (1996). An analysis of magic sets and related optimization strategies for logic queries. Journal of the ACM, 43(6), 1046\u20131088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/235809.235814.","journal-title":"Journal of the ACM"},{"key":"742_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-015-0404-5","volume":"15","author":"A Soylu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soylu, A., Giese, M., Jim\u00e9nez-Ruiz, E., & et al. (2016). Experiencing optiquevqs: A multi-paradigm and ontology-based visual query system for end users. Universal Access in the Information Society, 15, 129\u2013152.","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"742_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.981851","volume":"8","author":"C Stolte","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stolte, C., Tang, D., & Hanrahan, P. (2002). Polaris: A system for query, analysis, and visualization of multidimensional relational databases. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 8(1), 52\u201365.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"key":"742_CR42","unstructured":"Stonebraker, M., Abadi, D.J., Batkin, A., & et al. (2005). C-store: A column-oriented DBMS. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Very Large Data Bases. VLDB Endowment (pp. 553\u2013564)."},{"issue":"4","key":"742_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1145\/245882.245891","volume":"25","author":"E Tanin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tanin, E., Beigel, R., & Shneiderman, B. (1996). Incremental data structures and algorithms for dynamic query interfaces. SIGMOD Rec, 25(4), 21\u201324.","journal-title":"SIGMOD Rec"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10844-022-00742-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10844-022-00742-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10844-022-00742-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T11:12:35Z","timestamp":1687950755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10844-022-00742-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10844-022-00742-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-9902","1573-7675"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-9902","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7675","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2022","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Acknowledgement section should reads exactly as \"We are grateful for Academy of Finland\u2019s grants as listed below in Funding. Besides the academic counsellors who tested OVI-3, we also gratefully acknowledge the following key people at Aalto University\u2019s School of Engineering for their kind support for OVI-36: Ms. Soile Koukkari (Development Manager), Mr. Harri L\u00e5ngstedt (Coordinator) and Dr. Kirsi Virrantaus (Vice-Dean).","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal Ethics"}},{"value":"The included screenshots refer to imaginary students. There are no references to real life persons or to their opinions.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"There are no references or identifiable details to any participants in this work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}