{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T19:49:49Z","timestamp":1772912989229,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]],"date-time":"2013-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Intell Robot Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-013-9959-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T12:49:33Z","timestamp":1380631773000},"page":"513-527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":311,"title":["Networking Models in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs): Concepts and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Ozgur Koray","family":"Sahingoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"9959_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, F., Swindlehurst, A.L.: Dynamic UAV Relay Positioning for the Ground-to-Air Uplink. IEEE Globecom Workshops (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2010.5700245"},{"key":"9959_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahingoz, O.K.: Multi-level dynamic key management for scalable wireless sensor networks with UAV. In: The 7th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Technologies & Applications (CUTE 2012). Ubiquitous Information Technologies and Applications. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 214, pp. 11\u201319 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5857-5_2"},{"key":"9959_CR3","author":"OK Sahingoz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sahingoz, O.K.: Large scale wireless sensor networks with multi-level dynamic key management scheme. J. Syst. Archit. Available online 5 June 2013. ISSN 1383-7621. doi: 10.1016\/j.sysarc.2013.05.022 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Syst. Archit."},{"issue":"1","key":"9959_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-010-9439-2","volume":"62","author":"J Manathara","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manathara, J., Sujit, P.B., Beard, R.: Multiple UAV coalitions for a search and prosecute mission. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 62(1), 125\u2013158 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Intell. Robot. Syst."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"9959_CR5","first-page":"595","volume":"70","author":"P Cevik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cevik, P., Kocaman, I., Akgul, A., Akca, B.: The small and silent force multiplier: a swarm UAV\u2014electronic attack. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 70(1\u20134), 595\u2013608 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Intell. Robot. Syst."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"9959_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-011-9590-4","volume":"65","author":"G York","year":"2012","unstructured":"York, G., Pack, D.: Ground target detection using cooperative unmanned aerial systems. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 65(1\u20134), 473\u2013478 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Intell. Robot. Syst."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"9959_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-012-9737-y","volume":"69","author":"S Zhu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhu, S., Wang, D., Low, C.: Ground target tracking using UAV with input constraints. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 69(1\u20134), 417\u2013429 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Intell. Robot. Syst."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"9959_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-011-9560-x","volume":"65","author":"L Merino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Merino, L., Caballero, F., Mart\u00ednez-de-Dios, J.R., Maza, I., Ollero, A.: An unmanned aircraft system for automatic forest fire monitoring and measurement. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 65(1\u20134), 533\u2013548 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Intell. Robot. Syst."},{"key":"9959_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2011.5705663","volume":"47","author":"A Cho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cho, A., Kim, J., Lee, S., Kee, C.: Wind estimation and airspeed calibration using a UAV with a single-antenna GPS receiver and pitot tube. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 47, 109\u2013117 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"9959_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-010-9497-5","volume":"61","author":"I Maza","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maza, I., Caballero, F., Capitan, J., Martinez-De-Dios, J.R., Ollero, A.: Experimental results in multi-UAV coordination for disaster management and civil security applications. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 61(1\u20134), 563\u2013585 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Intell. Robot. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"9959_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2010.11.010","volume":"108","author":"H Xiang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xiang, H., Tian, L.: Development of a low-cost agricultural remote sensing system based on an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle. Biosyst. Eng. 108(2), 174\u2013190 (2011)","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"9959_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2011.5705663","volume":"47","author":"A Cho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cho, A., Kim, J., Lee, S., Kee, C.: Wind estimation and airspeed calibration using a UAV with a single-antenna GPS receiver and pitot tube. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 47(1), 109\u2013117 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"9959_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2010.11.010","volume":"108","author":"H Xiang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xiang, H., Tian, L.: Development of a low-cost agricultural remote sensing system based on an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Biosyst. Eng. 108(2), 174\u2013190 (2011)","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"9959_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2012.12.004","volume":"11","author":"I Bekmezci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bekmezci, I., Sahingoz, O.K., Temel, S.: Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs): a survey. Ad Hoc Netw. 11(3), 1254\u20131270 (2013)","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"9959_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, B.N., Moore, S.: A comparison of MANET routing protocols on airborne tactical networks. In: Military Communications Conference\u2014MILCOM 2012, pp. 1\u20136 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2012.6415798"},{"issue":"12","key":"9959_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2008.2006127","volume":"96","author":"EW Frew","year":"2008","unstructured":"Frew, E.W., Brown, T.X.: Airborne communication networks for small unmanned aircraft systems. Proc. IEEE 96(12), 2008\u20132027 (2008)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"9959_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-72788-0_35","volume":"4501","author":"FA Aloul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aloul, F.A., Kandasamy, N.: Sensor deployment for failure diagnosis in networked aerial robots: a satisfiability-based approach, theory and applications of satisfiability testing, SAT 2007. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 4501, 369\u2013376 (2007)","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Comput. Sci."},{"key":"9959_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shirani, R., St-Hilaire, M., Kunz, T., Zhou, Y., Li, J., Lamont, L.: Combined reactive-geographic routing for unmanned aeronautical ad-hoc networks. In: 8th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC-2012), pp. 820\u2013826 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2012.6314310"},{"key":"9959_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., St-Hilaire, M., Kunz, T.: Enhancements to reduce the overhead of the reactive-greedy-reactive routing protocol for unmanned aeronautical ad-hoc networks. In: 8th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), pp. 1\u20134 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/WiCOM.2012.6478515"},{"issue":"1","key":"9959_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2012.2211905","volume":"62","author":"Y Cai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cai, Y., Yu, F.R., Li, J., Zhou, Y., Lamont, L.: Medium access control for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) ad-hoc networks with full-duplex radios and multipacket reception capability. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 62(1), 390\u2013394 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"9959_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynaud, L., Rasheed, T.: Deployable aerial communication networks: challenges for futuristic applications. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad-Hoc, Sensor, and Ubiquitous Networks (PE-WASUN \u201812), pp. 9\u201316 (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2387027.2387030"},{"key":"9959_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6k, P.-B., Tuchelmann, Y.: Context-aware QoS control for wireless mesh networks of UAVs. In: International Conference Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), pp. 1\u20136 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN.2011.6005806"},{"key":"9959_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., St-Hilaire, M., Kunz, T.: Improving routing in networks of UAVs via scoped flooding and mobility prediction. In: IFIP Wireless Days (WD), pp. 1\u20136 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/WD.2012.6402827"},{"key":"9959_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rohde, S., Goddemeier, N., Daniel, K., Wietfeld, C.: Link quality dependent mobility strategies for distributed aerial sensor networks. In: GLOBECOM Workshops, pp. 1783\u20131787 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2010.5700248"},{"key":"9959_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahingoz, O.K.: Mobile networking with UAVs: opportunities and challenges. In: International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS-2013), pp. 933\u2013941 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUAS.2013.6564779"},{"key":"9959_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Namuduri, K., Wan, Y., Gomathisankaran, M., Pendse, R.: Airborne network: a cyber-physical system perspective. In: Proceedings of the First ACM MobiHoc Workshop on Airborne Networks and Communications (Airborne \u201812), pp. 55\u201360 (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2248326.2248340"},{"key":"9959_CR27","unstructured":"Clapper, J., Young, J., Cartwright, J., Grimes, J.: Unmanned systems roadmap 2007\u20132032. Technical Report, Department of Defense (2007)"},{"key":"9959_CR28","unstructured":"Winnefeld, J.A., Kendall, F.: Unmanned systems integrated roadmap FY 2011-2036. Technical Report, Department of Defense (2011)"},{"key":"9959_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyland, M.T.: Performance evaluation of ad hoc routing protocols in a swarm of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles. PhD Thesis, Air Force Institute of Technology (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/AINAW.2007.336"},{"key":"9959_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, D.L., Pei, G., Ly, H., Gerla, M., Zhang, B., Hong, X.: UAV aided intelligent routing for ad-hoc wireless network in single-area theater. In: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference-(WCNC 2000), vol.\u00a03, pp. 1220\u20131225 (2000)","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2000.904805"},{"issue":"3","key":"9959_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2012.2205625","volume":"19","author":"A Franchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Franchi, A., Secchi, C., Ryll, M., Bulthoff, H.H., Giordano, P.R.: Shared control: balancing autonomy and human assistance with a group of Quadrotor UAVs. IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. 19(3), 57\u201368 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"key":"9959_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, C.M., Hsiao, P.H., Kung, H.T., Vlah, D.: Maximizing throughput of UAV-relaying networks with the load-carry-and-deliver paradigm. In: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2007) (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2007.805"},{"key":"9959_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, M., Park, J.S., Gerla, M.: UAV Assisted disruption tolerant routing. In: Military Communications Conference, MILCOM 2006, pp. 1\u20135 (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2006.302310"},{"key":"9959_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonson, T., Pezeshki, J., Chao, V., Smith, K., Fazio, J.: Application of Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) in airborne networks. In: IEEE Military Communications Conference-(MILCOM 2008), pp. 1\u20137 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2008.4753464"},{"key":"9959_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamont, G.B., Slear, J.N., Melendez, K.: UAV swarm mission planning and routing using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. In: IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multicriteria Decision Making, pp. 10\u201320 (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/MCDM.2007.369410"},{"issue":"3","key":"9959_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2010.09.008","volume":"9","author":"Z Sun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sun, Z., Wang, P., Vuran, M.C., Al-Rodhaan, M.A., Al-Dhelaan, A.M., Akyildiz, I.F.: BorderSense: border patrol through advanced wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Netw. 9(3), 468\u2013477 (2011)","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"9959_CR37","unstructured":"Ko, J., Mahajan, A., Sengupta, R.: A network-centric UAV organization for search and pursuit operations. In: IEEE Aerospace Conference, pp. 2697\u20132713 (2002)"},{"key":"9959_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez, J., Royo, P., Pastor, E., Barrado, C., Santamaria, E.: A middleware architecture for unmanned aircraft avionics. In: ACM\/IFIP\/ USENIX International Conference on Middleware companion (MC \u201807) (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1377943.1377962"},{"key":"9959_CR39","unstructured":"de Jong, E.: Flexible data-centric UAV platform eases mission adaptation. White paper, Available online. http:\/\/www.rti.com\/whitepapers\/RTI_Data-Driven_Approach_to_UAV.pdf (2011). Accessed 3 Aug 2013"},{"key":"9959_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koller, A.A., Johnson, E.N.: Design, implementation, and integration of a publish\/subscribe-like Multi-UAV communication architecture. In: AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit, pp.\u00a01\u201317 (2005)","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2005-6309"},{"key":"9959_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/11758532_27","volume":"3993","author":"OK Sahingoz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sahingoz, O.K., Sonmez, A.C.: Fault tolerance mechanism of agent-based distributed event system. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 3993, 192\u2013199 (2006)","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Comput. Sci."},{"key":"9959_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39737-3_44","volume":"2869\/2003","author":"OK Sahingoz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sahingoz, O.K., Erdogan, N.: MAPSEC: mobile-agent based publish\/subscribe platform for electronic commerce. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 2869\/2003, 348\u2013355 (2003)","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Comput. Sci."},{"key":"9959_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clausen, T., Jacquet, P.: Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) RFC 3626. http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc3626 (2003). Accessed 3 Aug 2013","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc3626"},{"key":"9959_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perkins, C.E., Bhagwat, P.: Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for mobile computers. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications (SIGCOMM\u00a0\u201894), pp.\u00a0234\u2013244 (1994)","DOI":"10.1145\/190314.190336"},{"key":"9959_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, D.B., Maltz, D.A.: Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks. In: Mobile Computing, Chapter 5, pp. 153\u2013181. Kluwer Academic Publishers (1996)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-585-29603-6_5"},{"key":"9959_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, T.X., Argrow, B., Dixon, C., Doshi, S., Thekkekunel, R.G., Henkel, D.: Ad hoc UAV ground network (AUGNet). In: 3rd AIAA Unmanned Unlimited Technical Conference, pp. 29\u201339 (2004)","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2004-6321"},{"key":"9959_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murthy, S., Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.J.: An efficient routing protocol for wireless networks. In: ACM Mobile Networks and Applications, pp. 183\u2013197 (1996)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01193336"},{"key":"9959_CR48","unstructured":"Haas, Z.J., Pearlman, M.R.: Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) a hybrid framework for routing in ad hoc networks, 2nd edn. Ad hoc Networking, vol. 1, chapter 7, pp. 221\u2013253. Addison-Wesley (2001)"},{"key":"9959_CR49","unstructured":"Park, V., Corson, S.: Temporarily-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) Version 1. Internet draft, IETF MANET working group. http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/draft-ietf-manet-tora-spec-04 . Accessed 3 Aug 2013"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Robotic Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10846-013-9959-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10846-013-9959-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10846-013-9959-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T15:07:27Z","timestamp":1746025647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10846-013-9959-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["9959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10846-013-9959-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0921-0296","1573-0409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0921-0296","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,2]]}}}