{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T02:16:56Z","timestamp":1775873816675,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japanese Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for scientific research","award":["19K12167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K12167"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Intell Robot Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Socially interactive robots are being introduced in daily life as common objects that facilitate people\u2019s life. A wide range of possibilities are offered and the trends show a growing market. In this survey 40 commercial robots were analysed to evaluate the state of the art from a design space perspective, aspects like embodiment, task, social role, context of use, DOF (Degrees of Freedom) and user studies performed on the robot are included. As a result, a clear design pattern was identified: an egg-shaped, white plastic robot with a rendered face that displays expression of emotions and a speech interface is the common base of the majority of the social robots available in the market. The preference for this kind of embodiment is not even studied nor documented in the literature and varies according to the target group and culture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-022-01624-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T11:03:33Z","timestamp":1652785413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Design Space Survey on Social Robotics in the Market"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2121-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Deuff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xela","family":"Indurkhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gentiane","family":"Venture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1624_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-006-0052-7","volume":"21","author":"C Bartneck","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bartneck, C., et al: The in uence of people\u2019s culture and prior experiences with Aibo on their attitude towards robots. AI and Soc.; J. Human-Centred Syst. 21(1), 217\u2013230 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-006-0052-7","journal-title":"AI and Soc.; J. Human-Centred Syst."},{"key":"1624_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chu, L., Fung, H.H.: Curiosity towards robot: the role of age and personal relevance. Innovation in Aging 3. S876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geroni\/igz038.3212 (2019)","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igz038.3212"},{"issue":"4","key":"1624_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1159\/000494881","volume":"65","author":"L Chu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chu, L., et al: Identifying features that enhance older adults\u2019 acceptance of robots: A mixed methods study. Gerontol. 65(4), 441 (2019). ID:medline30844813, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000494881https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000494881","journal-title":"Gerontol."},{"key":"1624_CR4","unstructured":"Costa, A., et al: Attitudes of children with autism towards robots: An exploratory study. In: arXiv.org. ID:proquest2073333189 (2018)"},{"key":"1624_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dautenhahn, K., et al: What is a robot companion - friend assistant or butler?. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IROS.2005.1545189 (2005)","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2005.1545189"},{"key":"1624_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deng, E., Mutlu, B., Mataric, M.: Embodiment in Socially Interactive Robots, vol 23. 4. ID: proquest2321040898. Ithaca: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org. isbn: 19358253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1561\/2300000056 (2019)","DOI":"10.1561\/2300000056"},{"key":"1624_CR7","unstructured":"Dereshev, D.: Smart wonder : cute, helpful, secure domestic social robots. English. PhD thesis. http:\/\/ethos.bl.uk\/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.779881 (2018)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1624_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/mti1020012","volume":"1","author":"D Dereshev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dereshev, D., Kirk, D.: Form, function and etiquette-potential users\u2019 perspectives on social domestic robots. Multimodal Technol. Interact. 1(2), 12 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mti1020012","journal-title":"Multimodal Technol. Interact."},{"key":"1624_CR9","unstructured":"Derwin, J.: Sex tech is now a us 30 billion industry. An expert talked us through 10 gadgets with very different uses. https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gUbjFY (Feb. 2020)"},{"key":"1624_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, E., Mutlu, B., Mataric, M.J.: Formalizing the design space and product development cycle for socially interactive robots. In: HRI (2018)","DOI":"10.1561\/9781680835472"},{"key":"1624_CR11","unstructured":"Global Household Robots Market (2020 to 2025): Growth, Trends, Forecasts. https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20201221005436\/en\/Global-Household-Robots-Market-2020-to-2025%E2%80%94Growth-Trends-Forecasts%E2%80%94ResearchAndMarkets.com (Dec. 2020)"},{"key":"1624_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goetz, J., Kiesler, S., Powers, A.: Matching robot appearance and behavior to tasks to improve human-robot cooperation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ROMAN.2003.1251796 (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2003.1251796"},{"key":"1624_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hegel, F., et al: Understanding Social Robots. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACHI.2009.51https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACHI.2009.51 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACHI.2009.51 10.1109\/ACHI.2009.51"},{"key":"1624_CR14","unstructured":"Yukai Engineering Inc: Qoobo. https:\/\/www.ux-xu.com\/news\/20190325 (Aug. 2018)"},{"key":"1624_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeong, K., et al: Fribo: a social networking robot for increasing social connectedness through sharing daily home activities from living noise data. ID: acm3171254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3171221.3171254 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3171221.3171254"},{"key":"1624_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kalegina, A., et al: Characterizing the design space of rendered robot faces. ID: acm3171286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3171221.3171286 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3171221.3171286"},{"key":"1624_CR17","unstructured":"Kolstad, M.: Robots in service and nursing care-an investigation into japan\u2019s robot use and development (2019)"},{"key":"1624_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lacey, C., Caudwell, C.B.: The robotic archetype: character animation and social robotics. ID: scopus2-s2.0-85058272745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-05204-1\u2216_3 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-05204-1\u2216_3"},{"issue":"3","key":"1624_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000080","volume":"13","author":"GW Lane","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lane, G.W. , et al: Effectiveness of a social robot, \u201cParo\u201d, in a VA long-term care setting. Psychol. Serv. 13(3), 292\u2013299 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ser0000080","journal-title":"Psychol. Serv."},{"issue":"10","key":"1624_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2006.05.002","volume":"64","author":"Lee K.M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee K.M., et al: Are physically embodied social agents better than disembodied social agents?: The effects of physical embodiment, tactile interaction, and people\u2019s loneliness in human robot interaction. English. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 64(10), 962\u2013973 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2006.05.002","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"1624_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.5465\/19416520802211628","volume":"2","author":"JC Magee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Magee, J.C., Galinsky, A.D.: Social hierarchy: the self-reinforcing nature of power and status. The academy of management annals 2(1), 351 (2008)","journal-title":"The academy of management annals"},{"key":"1624_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mcglynn, S.A., et al: Understanding older adults\u2019 perceptions of usefulness for the paro robot. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1541931214581400 (2014)","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931214581400"},{"key":"1624_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al Moubayed, S., et al: Furhat: A back-projected human-like robot head for multiparty human-machine interaction. ID: scopus2-s2.0-84870382387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-34584-5\u2216_9 (2012)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34584-5\u2216_9"},{"issue":"7","key":"1624_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1145\/176789.176796","volume":"37","author":"D Norman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Norman, D.: How might people interact with agents. Commun. of the ACM 37(7), 68\u201371 (1994). ID: acm176796, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/176789.176796","journal-title":"Commun. of the ACM"},{"key":"1624_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aguiar Noury, G, et al: User-defined challenges and desiderata for robotics and autonomous systems in health and social care settings. In: Advanced robotics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01691864.2019.1599728, vol. 33.7-8, pp 309\u2013324 (2019)","DOI":"10.1080\/01691864.2019.1599728"},{"issue":"32","key":"1624_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11087","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805664105","volume":"105","author":"NN Oosterhof","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oosterhof, N.N., Todorov, A.: The functional basis of face evaluation. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america 105(32), 11087\u201311092 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0805664105","journal-title":"Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america"},{"issue":"1","key":"1624_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-020-00409-y","volume":"78","author":"C Papadopoulos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papadopoulos, C., et al: The caresses study protocol: testing and evaluating culturally competent socially assistive robots among older adults0 residing in long term care homes through a controlled experimental trial. Arch. Public Health 78(1), 1\u201310 (2020). ID: proquest2389148444, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13690-020-00409-y","journal-title":"Arch. Public Health"},{"key":"1624_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rivoire, C., Lim, A.: Habit detection within a long-term interaction with a social robot: an exploratory study. ID: acm3005342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3005338.3005342 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/3005338.3005342"},{"key":"1624_CR29","unstructured":"Hanson Robotics: Sophia. https:\/\/www.hansonrobotics.com\/sophia\/ (2016)"},{"key":"1624_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rossi, A., et al: Getting to know pepper: Effects of people\u2019s awareness of a robot\u2019s capabilities on their trust in the robot. ID: acm3284464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3284432.3284464 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3284432.3284464"},{"key":"1624_CR31","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6holm, T., Karlbom, D.: Emotions of a facial expression on a furhat robot face using a kinect input (2013)"},{"key":"1624_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tamai, T., et al: Development and practical evaluation of dementia prevention program by communication robot. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IIAI-AAI.2019.00038 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/IIAI-AAI.2019.00038"},{"key":"1624_CR33","unstructured":"Utekhin, I.: Learning to talk with robots: Turn-Taking in children\u2019s talk to artificial partner june (2018)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1624_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10514-007-9058-3","volume":"24","author":"M Walters","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walters, M., et al: Avoiding the uncanny valley: robot appearance, personality and consistency of behavior in an attention-seeking home scenario for a robot companion. Auton. Robot 24(2), 159\u2013178 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10514-007-9058-3","journal-title":"Auton. Robot"},{"issue":"1","key":"1624_CR35","first-page":"28","volume":"32","author":"S Wolpin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wolpin, S.: Home robots growing into new large ce category. Twice 32(1), 28 (2017)","journal-title":"Twice"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Robotic Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10846-022-01624-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10846-022-01624-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10846-022-01624-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T13:13:24Z","timestamp":1656076404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10846-022-01624-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10846-022-01624-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0921-0296","1573-0409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0921-0296","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"25"}}