{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T14:31:49Z","timestamp":1784644309077,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/08330-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/08330-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/03339-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/03339-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/08433-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/08433-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Intell Robot Syst"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-025-02219-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T13:31:30Z","timestamp":1739539890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["CROW: A Self-Supervised Crop Row Navigation Algorithm for Agricultural Fields"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8888-1089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Affonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9638-4306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe Andrade G.","family":"Tommaselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5796-9846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Capezzuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7900-8061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus V.","family":"Gasparino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4657-307X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Girish","family":"Chowdhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7508-5817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2219_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"English, A., Ross, P., Ball, D., Corke, P.: Vision based guidance for robot navigation in agriculture, 1693\u20131698 (2014) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICRA.2014.6907079","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2014.6907079"},{"key":"2219_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11119-020-09773-9","volume":"22","author":"L Emmi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Emmi, L., Le Fl\u00e9cher, E., Cadenat, V., Devy, M.: A hybrid representation of the environment to improve autonomous navigation of mobile robots in agriculture. Precision Agric. 22, 1\u201326 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11119-020-09773-9","journal-title":"Precision Agric."},{"issue":"3","key":"2219_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21852","volume":"36","author":"V Higuti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Higuti, V., Velasquez, A., Magalhaes, D., Becker, M., Chowdhary, G.: Under canopy light detection and ranging-based autonomous navigation. Journal of Field Robotics. 36(3), 547\u2013567 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rob.21852","journal-title":"Journal of Field Robotics."},{"key":"2219_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mueller-Sim, T., Jenkins, M., Abel, J., Kantor, G.: The robotanist: A ground-based agricultural robot for high-throughput crop phenotyping. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 3634\u20133639 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICRA.2017.7989418","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2017.7989418"},{"key":"2219_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Velasquez, A., Higuti, V., Valverde\u00a0Gasparino, M., V\u00a0Sivakumar, A.N., Becker, M., Chowdhary, G.: Multi-sensor fusion based robust row following for compact agricultural robots. Field Robotics. 2, 1291\u20131319 (2022) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55417\/fr.2022043","DOI":"10.55417\/fr.2022043"},{"key":"2219_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McAllister, W., Whitman, J., Varghese, J., Axelrod, A., Davis, A., Chowdhary, G.: Agbots 2.0: Weeding denser fields with fewer robots. In: Toussaint, M., Bicchi, A., Hermans, T. (eds.) Robotics. Robotics: Science and Systems. MIT Press Journals, United States (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15607\/RSS.2020.XVI.062","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2020.XVI.062"},{"issue":"4","key":"2219_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.25165\/j.ijabe.20181104.4278","volume":"11","author":"RR Shamshiri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shamshiri, R.R., Weltzien, C., Hameed, I.A., Yule, I.J., Grift, T.E., Balasundram, S.K., et al.: Research and development in agricultural robotics: A perspective of digital farming. International Journal of Agricultural & Biological Engineering. 11(4), 1\u201314 (2018)","journal-title":"International Journal of Agricultural & Biological Engineering."},{"key":"2219_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pinto, F.A., Tommaselli, F.A.G., Gasparino, M.V., Becker, M.: Navigating with finesse: Leveraging neural network-based lidar perception and ilqr control for intelligent agriculture robotics. In: 2023 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS), 2023 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR), and 2023 Workshop on Robotics in Education (WRE), pp. 502\u2013507 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LARS\/SBR\/WRE59448.2023.10332981","DOI":"10.1109\/LARS\/SBR\/WRE59448.2023.10332981"},{"key":"2219_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sivakumar, A.N., Modi, S., Gasparino, M.V., Ellis, C., Velasquez, A.E.B., Chowdhary, G., Gupta, S.: Learned Visual Navigation for Under-Canopy Agricultural Robots. Preprint at https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2107.02792 (2021)","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2021.XVII.019"},{"issue":"7","key":"2219_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21794","volume":"35","author":"E Kayacan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kayacan, E., Young, S.N., Peschel, J.M., Chowdhary, G.: High-precision control of tracked field robots in the presence of unknown traction coefficients. Journal of Field Robotics. 35(7), 1050\u20131062 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rob.21794","journal-title":"Journal of Field Robotics."},{"issue":"1","key":"2219_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2014.2369292","volume":"22","author":"M Bergerman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bergerman, M., Maeta, S.M., Zhang, J., Freitas, G.M., Hamner, B., Singh, S., Kantor, G.: Robot farmers: Autonomous orchard vehicles help tree fruit production. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine. 22(1), 54\u201363 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MRA.2014.2369292","journal-title":"IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine."},{"key":"2219_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gasparino, M.V., Higuti, V.A.H., Sivakumar, A.N., Velasquez, A.E.B., Becker, M., Chowdhary, G.: Cropnav: a framework for autonomous navigation in real farms. In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 11824\u201311830 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICRA48891.2023.10160990","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA48891.2023.10160990"},{"issue":"3","key":"2219_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3390\/agriengineering1030029","volume":"1","author":"L Cantelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cantelli, L., Bonaccorso, F., Longo, D., Melita, C.D., Schillaci, G., Muscato, G.: A small versatile electrical robot for autonomous spraying in agriculture. AgriEngineering. 1(3), 391\u2013402 (2019)","journal-title":"AgriEngineering."},{"key":"2219_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Plancher, B., Manchester, Z., Kuindersma, S.: Constrained unscented dynamic programming. In: 2017 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 5674\u20135680 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IROS.2017.8206457","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2017.8206457"},{"key":"2219_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Howell, T.A., Jackson, B.E., Manchester, Z.: Altro: A fast solver for constrained trajectory optimization. In: 2019 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 7674\u20137679 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IROS40897.2019.8967788","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS40897.2019.8967788"},{"issue":"1","key":"2219_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036144504446096","volume":"47","author":"PE Gill","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gill, P.E., Murray, W., Saunders, M.A.: Snopt: An sqp algorithm for large-scale constrained optimization. SIAM Rev. 47(1), 99\u2013131 (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/S0036144504446096","journal-title":"SIAM Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2219_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10107-004-0559-y","volume":"106","author":"A W\u00e4chter","year":"2006","unstructured":"W\u00e4chter, A., Biegler, L.T.: On the implementation of an interior-point filter line-search algorithm for large-scale nonlinear programming. Math. Program. 106(1), 25\u201357 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10107-004-0559-y","journal-title":"Math. Program."},{"key":"2219_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-58603-925-7-363","volume":"184","author":"J Aulinas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aulinas, J., Petillot, Y., Salvi, J., Llado, X.: The slam problem: a survey 184, 363\u2013371 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/978-1-58603-925-7-363","journal-title":"The slam problem: a survey"},{"key":"2219_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Groves, P.D.: Principles of gnss, inertial, and multisensor integrated navigation systems, 2nd edition [book review]. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine. 30(2), 26\u201327 (2015) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MAES.2014.14110","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2014.14110"},{"key":"2219_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rovira-M\u00e1s, F., Chatterjee, I., S\u00e1iz-Rubio, V.: The role of gnss in the navigation strategies of cost-effective agricultural robots. Comput. Electron. Agric. 112, 172\u2013183 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2014.12.017. Precision Agriculture","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2014.12.017"},{"issue":"11","key":"2219_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/s40430-020-02673-z","volume":"42","author":"MV Gasparino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gasparino, M.V., Higuti, V.A.H., Velasquez, A.E.B., Becker, M.: Improved localization in a corn crop row using a rotated laser rangefinder for three-dimensional data acquisition. J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 42(11), 592 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40430-020-02673-z","journal-title":"J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"2219_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030797","volume":"20","author":"Y Gu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gu, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, Z., Li, J., Chen, L.: Path tracking control of field information-collecting robot based on improved convolutional neural network algorithm. Sensors. 20(3), 797 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20030797","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"key":"2219_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2021.106301","volume":"188","author":"J Gai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gai, J., Xiang, L., Tang, L.: Using a depth camera for crop row detection and mapping for under-canopy navigation of agricultural robotic vehicle. Comput. Electron. Agric. 188, 106301 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2021.106301","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"5","key":"2219_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2015.2463671","volume":"31","author":"R Mur-Artal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mur-Artal, R., Montiel, J.M.M., Tard\u00f3s, J.D.: Orb-slam: A versatile and accurate monocular slam system. IEEE Trans. Rob. 31(5), 1147\u20131163 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TRO.2015.2463671","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Rob."},{"issue":"8","key":"2219_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.161","volume":"32","author":"Y Furukawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Furukawa, Y., Ponce, J.: Accurate, dense, and robust multiview stereopsis. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 32(8), 1362\u20131376 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.161","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2219_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, J., Zhang, L., Grift, T.E.: Variable field-of-view machine vision based row guidance of an agricultural robot. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 84, 85\u201391 (2012) 10.1016\/j.compag.2012.02.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2012.02.009"},{"key":"2219_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malavazi, F.B.P., Guyonneau, R., Fasquel, J.-B., Lagrange, S., Mercier, F.: Lidar-only based navigation algorithm for an autonomous agricultural robot. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 154, 71\u201379 (2018) 10.1016\/j.compag.2018.08.034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2018.08.034"},{"issue":"2","key":"2219_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11020287","volume":"11","author":"M Corno","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corno, M., Furioli, S., Cesana, P., Savaresi, S.M.: Adaptive ultrasound-based tractor localization for semi-autonomous vineyard operations. Agronomy 11(2), 287 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agronomy11020287","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"2219_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xaud, M.F.S., Leite, A.C., From, P.J.: Thermal image based navigation system for skid-steering mobile robots in sugarcane crops. In: 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 1808\u20131814 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8794354","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8794354"},{"key":"2219_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu, R., Li, C.: A review of high-throughput field phenotyping systems: Focusing on ground robots. Plant Phenomics. 2022 (2022) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/2022\/9760269","DOI":"10.34133\/2022\/9760269"},{"key":"2219_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107584","volume":"205","author":"Y Bai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bai, Y., Zhang, B., Xu, N., Zhou, J., Shi, J., Diao, Z.: Vision-based navigation and guidance for agricultural autonomous vehicles and robots: A review. Comput. Electron. Agric. 205, 107584 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107584","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"3","key":"2219_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7942","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2022.3187275","volume":"7","author":"K Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, K., Deb, A., Cappelleri, D.J.: P-agbot: In-row & under-canopy agricultural robot for monitoring and physical sampling. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 7(3), 7942\u20137949 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LRA.2022.3187275","journal-title":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters."},{"issue":"1","key":"2219_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2093\/1\/012032","volume":"2093","author":"P Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, P.: Research on comparison of lidar and camera in autonomous driving. J. Phys: Conf. Ser. 2093(1), 012032 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2093\/1\/012032","journal-title":"J. Phys: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"2219_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nellithimaru, A.K., Kantor, G.A.: Rols : Robust object-level slam for grape counting. In: 2019 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), pp. 2648\u20132656 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00321","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00321"},{"key":"2219_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221975","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3043662","volume":"8","author":"W Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao, W., Wang, X., Qi, B., Runge, T.: Ground-level mapping and navigating for agriculture based on iot and computer vision. IEEE Access. 8, 221975\u2013221985 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3043662","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"issue":"14","key":"2219_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13142720","volume":"13","author":"S Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, S., Zhou, B., Jiang, C., Xue, W., Li, Q.: A lidar\/visual slam backend with loop closure detection and graph optimization. Remote Sensing. 13(14), 2720 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13142720","journal-title":"Remote Sensing."},{"issue":"2","key":"2219_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics10020052","volume":"10","author":"LFP Oliveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliveira, L.F.P., Moreira, A.P., Silva, M.F.: Advances in agriculture robotics: A state-of-the-art review and challenges ahead. Robotics 10(2), 52 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/robotics10020052","journal-title":"Robotics"},{"key":"2219_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V\u00a0Sivakumar, A.N., Valverde\u00a0Gasparino, M., McGuire, M., Higuti, V., Akcal, M., Chowdhary, G.: Demonstrating cropfollow++: Robust under-canopy navigation with keypoints. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15607\/RSS.2024.XX.023","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2024.XX.023"},{"issue":"1","key":"2219_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6221119","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6221119","volume":"2021","author":"P Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, P., Zhu, L., Zhang, Z., Yang, C.: An end-to-end learning-based row-following system for an agricultural robot in structured apple orchards. Math. Probl. Eng. 2021(1), 6221119 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6221119","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"2219_CR40","unstructured":"Howard, A.G., Zhu, M., Chen, B., Kalenichenko, D., Wang, W., Weyand, T., Andreetto, M., Adam, H.: Mobilenets: Efficient convolutional neural networks for mobile vision applications. CoRR. abs\/1704.04861 (2017) arXiv:1704.04861"},{"key":"2219_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Chowdhery, A., Kandula, S., Chaudhuri, S.: Accelerating machine learning inference with probabilistic predicates. SIGMOD \u201918, pp. 1493\u20131508. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3183713.3183751","DOI":"10.1145\/3183713.3183751"},{"key":"2219_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kar, A., Prakash, A., Liu, M.-Y., Cameracci, E., Yuan, J., Rusiniak, M., Acuna, D., Torralba, A., Fidler, S.: Meta-sim: Learning to generate synthetic datasets. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00465"},{"issue":"11","key":"2219_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8135","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3152527","volume":"34","author":"H Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song, H., Kim, M., Park, D., Shin, Y., Lee, J.-G.: Learning from noisy labels with deep neural networks: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. 34(11), 8135\u20138153 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3152527","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems."},{"key":"2219_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, J., Picek, S., Heuser, A., Bhasin, S., Hanjalic, A.: Make some noise. unleashing the power of convolutional neural networks for profiled side-channel analysis. IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems. 2019(3), 148\u2013179 (2019) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13154\/tches.v2019.i3.148-179","DOI":"10.13154\/tches.v2019.i3.148-179"},{"key":"2219_CR45","unstructured":"Goldberger, J., Ben-Reuven, E.: Training deep neural-networks using a noise adaptation layer. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2017). https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=H12GRgcxg"},{"key":"2219_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-018-0916-3","volume":"95","author":"E Kayacan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kayacan, E., Chowdhary, G.: Tracking error learning control for precise mobile robot path tracking in outdoor environment. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems. 95, 975\u2013986 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10846-018-0916-3","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems."},{"key":"2219_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Sierra, J., Aranda-Bricaire, E., Hern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez, E.G.: Trajectory tracking strategies with singularities avoidance for groups of unicycle-type robots. IFAC Proceedings Volumes. 44(1), 5926\u20135931 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3182\/20110828-6-IT-1002.01703. 18th IFAC World Congress","DOI":"10.3182\/20110828-6-IT-1002.01703"},{"issue":"9","key":"2219_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5354","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3165846","volume":"34","author":"J Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma, J., Cheng, Z., Zhang, X., Lin, Z., Lewis, F.L., Lee, T.H.: Local learning enabled iterative linear quadratic regulator for constrained trajectory planning. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. 34(9), 5354\u20135365 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3165846","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems."},{"issue":"1","key":"2219_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-1098(01)00174-1","volume":"38","author":"A Bemporad","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bemporad, A., Morari, M., Dua, V., Pistikopoulos, E.N.: The explicit linear quadratic regulator for constrained systems. Automatica 38(1), 3\u201320 (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-1098(01)00174-1","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"4","key":"2219_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036144502414942","volume":"44","author":"A Forsgren","year":"2002","unstructured":"Forsgren, A., Gill, P.E., Wright, M.H.: Interior methods for nonlinear optimization. SIAM Rev. 44(4), 525\u2013597 (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/S0036144502414942","journal-title":"SIAM Rev."},{"key":"2219_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koenig, N., Howard, A.: Design and use paradigms for gazebo, an open-source multi-robot simulator. In: 2004 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), vol. 3, pp. 2149\u201321543 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IROS.2004.1389727","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2004.1389727"},{"key":"2219_CR52","unstructured":"Barthel, J., Bier, J., Friedel, T., Ruigrok, T., Tuschla, L., Essen, R.: Virtual Maize Field. https:\/\/github.com\/FieldRobotEvent\/virtual_maize_field"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-025-02321-5","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10846-025-02219-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10846-025-02219-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10846-025-02219-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T21:02:35Z","timestamp":1763067755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10846-025-02219-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10846-025-02219-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-0409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-0409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2025","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised: This article requires several corrections.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2025","order":8,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":9,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10846-025-02321-5","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10846-025-02321-5","order":11,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Participant consented to the submission of this article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Open Access"}}],"article-number":"28"}}