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Truth, however, is not always attainable, and in many cases we are forced to reason only with whatever information is available to us. In this paper, we will explore a four-valued epistemic logic designed to deal with these situations, where agents have only knowledge about the available information (or evidence), which can be incomplete or conflicting, but not explicitly about facts. This layer of available information or evidence, which is the object of the agents\u2019 knowledge, can be seen as a database. By adopting this sceptical posture in our semantics, we prepare the ground for logics where the notion of knowledge\u2014or more appropriately, belief\u2014is entirely based on evidence. The technical results include a set of reduction axioms for public announcements, correspondence proofs, and a complete tableau system. In summary, our contributions are twofold: on the one hand we present an intuition and possible application for many-valued modal logics, and on the other hand we develop a logic that models the dynamics of evidence in a simple and intuitively clear fashion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10849-020-09313-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T16:02:41Z","timestamp":1581350561000},"page":"451-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Four-Valued Dynamic Epistemic Logic"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8957-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri David","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9313_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00215626","volume":"5","author":"O Arieli","year":"1996","unstructured":"Arieli, O., & Avron, A. 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