{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:11:06Z","timestamp":1782742266418,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chateaubriand Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000893","name":"Simons Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["584960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["584960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007493","name":"Fondation Math\u00e9matique Jacques Hadamard","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Math Imaging Vis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10851-021-01053-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T06:28:59Z","timestamp":1632378539000},"page":"41-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Silhouette Vectorization by Affine Scale-Space"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5648-2940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchen","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Ha","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1053_CR1","unstructured":"Adobe Illustrator. https:\/\/www.adobe.com\/products\/illustrator.html"},{"key":"1053_CR2","unstructured":"Inkscape. https:\/\/inkscape.org"},{"key":"1053_CR3","unstructured":"SVG SILH. https:\/\/svgsilh.com. All contents are released under Creative Commons CC0"},{"key":"1053_CR4","unstructured":"Vector Magic. https:\/\/vectormagic.com"},{"key":"1053_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez, L.: Corner detection using the affine morphological scale space. In: International Conference on Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision, pp. 29\u201340. Springer (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58771-4_3"},{"key":"1053_CR6","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez, L., Guichard, F., Lions, P.L., Morel, J.M.: Axiomes et \u00e9quations fondamentales du traitement d\u2019images.(analyse multi\u00e9chelle et edp). Comptes rendus de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des sciences. S\u00e9rie 1, Math\u00e9matique 315(2), 135\u2013138 (1992)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1053_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007959616598","volume":"25","author":"L Alvarez","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alvarez, L., Morales, F.: Affine morphological multiscale analysis of corners and multiple junctions. International Journal of Computer Vision 25(2), 95\u2013107 (1997)","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"1053_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962492900002415","volume":"3","author":"L Alvarez","year":"1994","unstructured":"Alvarez, L., Morel, J.M.: Formalization and computational aspects of image analysis. Acta numerica 3, 1\u201359 (1994)","journal-title":"Acta numerica"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00011302","volume":"3","author":"L Ambrosio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ambrosio, L., Caselles, V., Masnou, S., Morel, J.M.: Connected components of sets of finite perimeter and applications to image processing. Journal of the European Mathematical Society 3(1), 39\u201392 (2001)","journal-title":"Journal of the European Mathematical Society"},{"issue":"5","key":"1053_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(79)90072-3","volume":"9","author":"A Andrew","year":"1979","unstructured":"Andrew, A.: Another efficient algorithm for convex hulls in two dimensions. Information Processing Letters 9(5), 216\u2013219 (1979)","journal-title":"Information Processing Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054663","volume":"61","author":"F Attneave","year":"1954","unstructured":"Attneave, F.: Some informational aspects of visual perception. Psychological review 61(3), 183 (1954)","journal-title":"Psychological review"},{"key":"1053_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Balarini, J.P., Nesmachnow, S.: A C++ Implementation of Otsu\u2019s Image Segmentation Method. Image Processing On Line 6, 155\u2013164 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5201\/ipol.2016.158","DOI":"10.5201\/ipol.2016.158"},{"key":"1053_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bay, H., Tuytelaars, T., Van\u00a0Gool, L.: Surf: Speeded up robust features. In: European conference on computer vision, pp. 404\u2013417. Springer (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11744023_32"},{"key":"1053_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, F.: Geometric curve evolution and image processing. Springer Science & Business Media (2003)","DOI":"10.1007\/b10404"},{"key":"1053_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, F., Lisani, J.L., Morel, J.M., Mus\u00e9, P., Sur, F.: A theory of shape identification. Springer Science & Business Media (2008)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68481-7"},{"key":"1053_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caselles, V., Monasse, P.: Geometric description of images as topographic maps. Springer (2009)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04611-7"},{"issue":"11","key":"1053_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(98)00045-4","volume":"31","author":"HH Chang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chang, H.H., Yan, H.: Vectorization of hand-drawn image using piecewise cubic bezier curves fitting. Pattern recognition 31(11), 1747\u20131755 (1998)","journal-title":"Pattern recognition"},{"key":"1053_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chetverikov, D.: A simple and efficient algorithm for detection of high curvature points in planar curves. In: International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, pp. 746\u2013753. Springer (2003)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45179-2_91"},{"issue":"9","key":"1053_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(98)00069-5","volume":"19","author":"L Cinque","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cinque, L., Levialdi, S., Malizia, A.: Shape description using cubic polynomial bezier curves. Pattern Recognition Letters 19(9), 821\u2013828 (1998)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"1053_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciomaga, A., Monasse, P., Morel, J.M.: Level lines shortening yields an image curvature microscope. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 4129\u20134132. IEEE (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2010.5649850"},{"key":"1053_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.5201\/ipol.2017.212","volume":"7","author":"A Ciomaga","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ciomaga, A., Monasse, P., Morel, J.M.: The image curvature microscope: Accurate curvature computation at subpixel resolution. Image Processing On Line 7, 197\u2013217 (2017)","journal-title":"Image Processing On Line"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8396(91)90007-X","volume":"8","author":"M Goldapp","year":"1991","unstructured":"Goldapp, M.: Approximation of circular arcs by cubic polynomials. Computer Aided Geometric Design 8(3), 227\u2013238 (1991)","journal-title":"Computer Aided Geometric Design"},{"key":"1053_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, C.G., Stephens, M., et\u00a0al.: A combined corner and edge detector. In: Alvey vision conference, vol.\u00a015, pp. 10\u20135244. Citeseer (1988)","DOI":"10.5244\/C.2.23"},{"key":"1053_CR24","unstructured":"Iijima, T.: Basis theory on the normalization of two-dimensionalvisual pattern, studies on information and control, pattern recognition issue. IEICE Japan 1,(1963)"},{"key":"1053_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirsanov, A., Vavilin, A., Jo, K.: Contour-based algorithm for vectorization of satellite images. In: International Forum on Strategic Technology 2010, pp. 241\u2013245. IEEE (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/IFOST.2010.5668109"},{"key":"1053_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lowe, D.G.: Object recognition from local scale-invariant features. In: Proceedings of the seventh IEEE international conference on computer vision, vol.\u00a02, pp. 1150\u20131157. Ieee (1999)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.790410"},{"issue":"10","key":"1053_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2004.02.006","volume":"22","author":"J Matas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matas, J., Chum, O., Urban, M., Pajdla, T.: Robust wide-baseline stereo from maximally stable extremal regions. Image and vision computing 22(10), 761\u2013767 (2004)","journal-title":"Image and vision computing"},{"key":"1053_CR28","volume-title":"Random sets and integral geometry [by] G","author":"G Matheron","year":"1974","unstructured":"Matheron, G.: Random sets and integral geometry [by] G. Matheron. Wiley, New York (1974)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1109\/83.661191","volume":"7","author":"L Moisan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moisan, L.: Affine plane curve evolution: A fully consistent scheme. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 7(3), 411\u2013420 (1998)","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"2","key":"1053_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1006\/jvci.1999.0441","volume":"11","author":"P Monasse","year":"2000","unstructured":"Monasse, P., Guichard, F.: Scale-space from a level lines tree. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 11(2), 224\u2013236 (2000)","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1145\/361953.361967","volume":"13","author":"U Montanari","year":"1970","unstructured":"Montanari, U.: A note on minimal length polygonal approximation to a digitized contour. Communications of the ACM 13(1), 41\u201347 (1970)","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"5","key":"1053_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2012.03.029","volume":"36","author":"AS Montero","year":"2012","unstructured":"Montero, A.S., Lang, J.: Skeleton pruning by contour approximation and the integer medial axis transform. Computers & Graphics 36(5), 477\u2013487 (2012)","journal-title":"Computers & Graphics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1053_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1137\/080732730","volume":"2","author":"JM Morel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morel, J.M., Yu, G.: Asift: A new framework for fully affine invariant image comparison. SIAM journal on imaging sciences 2(2), 438\u2013469 (2009)","journal-title":"SIAM journal on imaging sciences"},{"key":"1053_CR34","unstructured":"Mortenson, M.E.: Mathematics for computer graphics applications. Industrial Press Inc. (1999)"},{"key":"1053_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nadal, C., Legault, R., Suen, C.Y.: Complementary algorithms for the recognition of totally unconstrained handwritten numerals. In: [1990] Proceedings. 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol.\u00a01, pp. 443\u2013449. IEEE (1990)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1990.118143"},{"issue":"10","key":"1053_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2007.01.019","volume":"40","author":"S Pal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pal, S., Ganguly, P., Biswas, P.: Cubic b\u00e9zier approximation of a digitized curve. Pattern recognition 40(10), 2730\u20132741 (2007)","journal-title":"Pattern recognition"},{"key":"1053_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, W., Lian, Z., Tang, Y., Xiao, J.: Skeleton-guided vectorization of chinese calligraphy images. In: 2014 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), pp. 1\u20136. IEEE (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/MMSP.2014.6958805"},{"key":"1053_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plass, M., Stone, M.: Curve-fitting with piecewise parametric cubics. In: Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pp. 229\u2013239 (1983)","DOI":"10.1145\/964967.801153"},{"key":"1053_CR39","unstructured":"Preparata, F.P., Shamos, M.I.: Computational geometry: an introduction. Springer Science & Business Media (2012)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-664X(72)80017-0","volume":"1","author":"U Ramer","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ramer, U.: An iterative procedure for the polygonal approximation of plane curves. Computer graphics and image processing 1(3), 244\u2013256 (1972)","journal-title":"Computer graphics and image processing"},{"key":"1053_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosten, E., Drummond, T.: Fusing points and lines for high performance tracking. In: Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV\u201905) Volume 1, vol.\u00a02, pp. 1508\u20131515. Ieee (2005)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.104"},{"issue":"1","key":"1053_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01420591","volume":"11","author":"G Sapiro","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sapiro, G., Tannenbaum, A.: Affine invariant scale-space. International journal of computer vision 11(1), 25\u201344 (1993)","journal-title":"International journal of computer vision"},{"issue":"8","key":"1053_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1080\/00207160802452519","volume":"87","author":"M Sarfraz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sarfraz, M.: Vectorizing outlines of generic shapes by cubic spline using simulated annealing. International Journal of Computer Mathematics 87(8), 1736\u20131751 (2010)","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1053_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008199403446","volume":"37","author":"C Schmid","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schmid, C., Mohr, R., Bauckhage, C.: Evaluation of interest point detectors. International Journal of computer vision 37(2), 151\u2013172 (2000)","journal-title":"International Journal of computer vision"},{"key":"1053_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"TA Sorensen","year":"1948","unstructured":"Sorensen, T.A.: A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species content and its application to analyses of the vegetation on danish commons. Biol. Skar. 5, 1\u201334 (1948)","journal-title":"Biol. Skar."},{"key":"1053_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tombre, K., Tabbone, S.: Vectorization in graphics recognition: to thin or not to thin. In: Proceedings 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. ICPR-2000, vol.\u00a02, pp. 91\u201396. IEEE (2000)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2000.906024"},{"issue":"3","key":"1053_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008344623873","volume":"10","author":"J Weickert","year":"1999","unstructured":"Weickert, J., Ishikawa, S., Imiya, A.: Linear scale-space has first been proposed in japan. Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision 10(3), 237\u2013252 (1999)","journal-title":"Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision"},{"key":"1053_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witkin, A.P.: Scale-space filtering. In: Readings in Computer Vision, pp. 329\u2013332. Elsevier (1987)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-051581-6.50036-2"},{"key":"1053_CR49","unstructured":"Yang, H.M., Lu, J.J., Lee, H.J.: A bezier curve-based approach to shape description for chinese calligraphy characters. In: Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 276\u2013280. IEEE (2001)"},{"key":"1053_CR50","unstructured":"Zou, J.J., Yan, H.: Cartoon image vectorization based on shape subdivision. In: Proceedings. Computer Graphics International 2001, pp. 225\u2013231. IEEE (2001)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10851-021-01053-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10851-021-01053-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10851-021-01053-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T18:49:38Z","timestamp":1725821378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10851-021-01053-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10851-021-01053-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-9907","1573-7683"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-9907","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7683","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}