{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T03:05:21Z","timestamp":1772593521756,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12288201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12288201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GZB20230816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZB20230816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1240187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1240187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB0640000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0640000"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB0640100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0640100"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R & D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019YFA0709600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0709600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R & D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019YFA0709602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0709602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB0640000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0640000"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB0640100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0640100"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB0640000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0640000"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB0640300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0640300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Sci Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-025-03105-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T07:03:40Z","timestamp":1762239820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["P-Multigrid Method for the Discontinuous Galerkin Discretization of Elliptic Problems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Nuo","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donghang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3105_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amestoy, P.R., Buttari, A., L\u2019Excellent, J.-Y., Mary, T.: Performance and scalability of the block low-rank multifrontal factorization on multicore architectures, ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 45 (2019), pp 2:1\u20132:26","DOI":"10.1145\/3242094"},{"key":"3105_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1147","DOI":"10.1137\/18M1204383","volume":"42","author":"PF Antonietti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Antonietti, P.F., Melas, L.: Algebraic multigrid schemes for high-order nodal discontinuous Galerkin methods. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 42, A1147\u2013A1173 (2020)","journal-title":"SIAM J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"3105_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-018-0783-x","volume":"78","author":"PF Antonietti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Antonietti, P.F., Pennesi, G.: V-cycle multigrid algorithms for discontinuous Galerkin methods on non-nested polytopic meshes. J. Sci. Comput. 78, 625\u2013652 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"3105_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10092-017-0223-6","volume":"54","author":"PF Antonietti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antonietti, P.F., Houston, P., Hu, X., Sarti, M., Verani, M.: Multigrid algorithms for $$p$$-version interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin methods on polygonal and polyhedral meshes. Calcolo 54, 1169\u20131198 (2017)","journal-title":"Calcolo"},{"key":"3105_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-016-0259-9","volume":"70","author":"PF Antonietti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antonietti, P.F., Sarti, M., Verani, M., Zikatanov, L.T.: A uniform additive Schwarz preconditioner for high-order discontinuous Galerkin approximations of elliptic problems. J. Sci. Comput. 70, 608\u2013630 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"3105_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1137\/130947015","volume":"53","author":"PF Antonietti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Antonietti, P.F., Sarti, M., Verani, M.: Multigrid algorithms for hp-discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of elliptic problems. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 53, 598\u2013618 (2015)","journal-title":"SIAM J. Numer. Anal."},{"key":"3105_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-010-9390-1","volume":"46","author":"PF Antonietti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Antonietti, P.F., Houston, P.: A class of domain decomposition preconditioners for hp-discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods. J. Sci. Comput. 46, 124\u2013149 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"3105_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1137\/0719052","volume":"19","author":"D Arnold","year":"1982","unstructured":"Arnold, D.: An interior penalty finite element method with discontinuous elements. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 19, 742\u2013760 (1982)","journal-title":"SIAM J. Numer. Anal."},{"key":"3105_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036142901384162","volume":"02","author":"D Arnold","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arnold, D., Brezzi, F., Cockburn, B., Marini, L.D.: Unified analysis of discontinuous Galerkin methods for elliptic problems. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 02, 1749\u20131779 (2002)","journal-title":"SIAM J. Numer. Anal."},{"key":"3105_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babus\u0308ka, I.: The finite element method for elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients, Computing, 5 , 207-213 (1970)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02248021"},{"key":"3105_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/nla.1816","volume":"19","author":"P Bastian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bastian, P., Blatt, M., Scheichl, R.: Algebraic multigrid for discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of heterogeneous elliptic problems. Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 19, 367\u2013388 (2012)","journal-title":"Numer. Linear Algebra Appl."},{"key":"3105_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/anac.200410019","volume":"2","author":"SC Brenner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brenner, S.C., Zhao, J.: Convergence of multigrid algorithms for interior penalty methods. Applied Numerical Analysis & Computational Mathematics 2, 3\u201318 (2005)","journal-title":"Applied Numerical Analysis & Computational Mathematics"},{"key":"3105_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218202514500146","volume":"24","author":"A Cangiani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cangiani, A., Georgoulis, E.H., Houston, P.: hp-version discontinuous Galerkin methods on polygonal and polyhedral meshes. Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 24, 2009\u20132041 (2014)","journal-title":"Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci."},{"key":"3105_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s002110050336","volume":"79","author":"Z Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Zou, J.: Finite element methods and their convergence for elliptic and parabolic interface problems. Numer. Math. 79, 175\u2013202 (2008)","journal-title":"Numer. Math."},{"key":"3105_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00211-021-01243-2","volume":"149","author":"Z Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Li, K., Xiang, X.: An adaptive high-order unfitted finite element method for elliptic interface problems. Numer. Math. 149, 507\u2013548 (2021)","journal-title":"Numer. Math."},{"key":"3105_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2023.112384","volume":"491","author":"Z Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Liu, Y.: An arbitrarily high order unfitted finite element method for elliptic interface problems with automatic mesh generation. J. Comput. Phys. 491, 112384 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"3105_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.4208\/ijnam2024-1033","volume":"21","author":"Z Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Li, K., Lyu, M., Xiang, X.: A High Order Unfitted Finite Element Method for Time-Harmonic Maxwell Interface Problems. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model. 21, 822\u2013849 (2024)","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model."},{"key":"3105_CR18","first-page":"646","volume":"37","author":"B Ayuso de Dios","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ayuso de Dios, B., Hiptmair, R., Pagliantini, C.: Auxiliary space preconditioners for SIP-DG discretizations of H(curl)-elliptic problems with discontinuous coefficients. IMA J. Numer. Anal. 37, 646\u2013686 (2017)","journal-title":"IMA J. Numer. Anal."},{"key":"3105_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1090\/S0025-5718-2013-02760-3","volume":"83","author":"B Ayuso de Dios","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ayuso de Dios, B., Holst, M., Zhu, Y., Zikatanov, L.: Multilevel preconditioners for discontinuous Galerkin approximations of elliptic problems with jump coefficients. Math. Comp. 83, 1083\u20131120 (2014)","journal-title":"Math. Comp."},{"key":"3105_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-009-9293-1","volume":"40","author":"B Ayuso de Dios","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ayuso de Dios, B., Zikatanov, L.: Uniformly convergent iterative methods for discontinuous Galerkin discretizations. J. Sci. Comput. 40, 4\u201336 (2009)","journal-title":"J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"3105_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2006.08.029","volume":"206","author":"Y Epshteyn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Epshteyn, Y., Rivi\u00e8re, B.: Estimation of penalty parameters for symmetric interior penalty Galerkin methods. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 206, 843\u2013872 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Appl. Math."},{"key":"3105_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2022.08.019","volume":"124","author":"J Gunatilake","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gunatilake, J.: An improved multigrid solver for the $$p$$-hierarchical basis finite element method using a space decomposition smoother. Comput. Math. Appl. 124, 52\u201362 (2022)","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Appl."},{"key":"3105_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-7825(02)00524-8","volume":"191","author":"A Hansbo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hansbo, A., Hansbo, P.: An unfitted finite element method based on Nitsche\u2019s method for elliptic interface problems. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 191, 5537\u20135552 (2002)","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"3105_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnum.2009.01.002","volume":"59","author":"R Hartmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hartmann, R., Lukacova-Medvidova, M., Prill, F.: Efficient preconditioning for the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method by low-order elements. Appl. Numer. Math. 59, 1737\u20131753 (2009)","journal-title":"Appl. Numer. Math."},{"key":"3105_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2013.07.035","volume":"255","author":"L Haupt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haupt, L., Stiller, J., Nagel, W.E.: A fast spectral element solver combining static condensation and multigrid techniques. J. Comput. Phys. 255, 384\u2013395 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"3105_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.2514\/1.15497","volume":"44","author":"BT Helenbrook","year":"2006","unstructured":"Helenbrook, B.T., Atkins, H.L.: Application of $$p$$-multigrid to discontinuous Galerkin formulations of the Poisson equation. AIAA J. 44, 566\u2013575 (2006)","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"3105_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helenbrook, B.T., Mavriplis, D.J., Atkins, H.L.: Analysis of \u201cp\u201d-multigrid for continuous and discontinuous finite element discretizations, 16th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference, (2003)","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2003-3989"},{"key":"3105_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00211-015-0712-y","volume":"132","author":"Q Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong, Q., Kraus, J., Xu, J., Zikatanov, L.: A robust multigrid method for discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of Stokes and linear elasticity equations. Numer. Math. 132, 23\u201349 (2016)","journal-title":"Numer. Math."},{"key":"3105_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jco.2006.10.003","volume":"23","author":"RD Lazarov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lazarov, R.D., Margenov, S.D.: CBS constants for multilevel splitting of graph-Laplacian and application to preconditioning of discontinuous Galerkin systems. J. Complexity. 23, 498\u2013515 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Complexity."},{"key":"3105_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1002\/nla.504","volume":"13","author":"VA Dobrev","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dobrev, V.A., Lazarov, R.D., Vassilevski, P.S., Zikatanov, L.T.: Two-level preconditioning of discontinuous Galerkin approximations of second-order elliptic equations. Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 13, 753\u2013770 (2006)","journal-title":"Numer. Linear Algebra Appl."},{"key":"3105_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/nla.2518","volume":"30","author":"J Lottes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lottes, J.: Optimal polynomial smoothers for multigrid V-cycles. Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 30, 1\u201327 (2023)","journal-title":"Numer. Linear Algebra Appl."},{"key":"3105_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2005.06.019","volume":"211","author":"H Luo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Luo, H., Baum, J.D., Lohner, R.: A $$p$$-multigrid discontinuous Galerkin method for the Euler equations on unstructured grids. J. Comput. Phys. 211, 767\u2013783 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"3105_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01065177","volume":"3","author":"Y Maday","year":"1988","unstructured":"Maday, Y., Munoz, R.: Spectral element multigrid. II. Theoretical justification. J. Sci. Comput. 3, 323\u2013353 (1988)","journal-title":"J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"3105_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015118613130","volume":"17","author":"I Perugia","year":"2002","unstructured":"Perugia, I., Schotzau, D.: An $$hp$$-analysis of the local discontinuous Galerkin method for diffusion problems. J. Sci. Comput. 17, 561\u2013571 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"3105_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01061297","volume":"2","author":"EM Ronquist","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ronquist, E.M., Patera, A.T.: Spectral element multigrid. I. Formulation and numerical results. J. Sci. Comput. 2, 389\u2013406 (1987)","journal-title":"J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"3105_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1090\/S0025-5718-10-02335-5","volume":"79","author":"B Stamm","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stamm, B., Wihler, T.P.: hp-optimal discontinuous Galerkin methods for linear elliptic problems. Math. Comp. 79, 2117\u20132133 (2010)","journal-title":"Math. Comp."},{"key":"3105_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elman, H.C., Silvester, D.J., Wathen, A.J.: Finite elements and fast iterative solvers: with applications in incompressible fluid dynamics. Oxford university press, (2014)","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199678792.001.0001"},{"key":"3105_CR38","unstructured":"Stuben, K.: Algebraic Multigrid (AMG) : An Introduction With Applications,"},{"key":"3105_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2021.113815","volume":"402","author":"C Thiele","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thiele, C., Riviere, B.: $$p$$-multigrid with partial smoothing: An efficient preconditioner for discontinuous Galerkin discretizations with modal bases. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 402, 113815 (2022)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Appl. Math."},{"key":"3105_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2017.06.025","volume":"74","author":"C Thiele","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thiele, C., Araya-Polo, M., Alpak, F.O., Riviere, B., Frank, F.: Inexact hierarchical scale separation: A two-scale approach for linear systems from discontinuous Galerkin discretizations. Comput. Math. Appl. 74, 1769\u20131778 (2017)","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Appl."},{"key":"3105_CR41","unstructured":"Vassilevski, P.S.: Multilevel block factorization preconditioners: Matrix-based analysis and algorithms for solving finite element equations, Springer Science & Business Media, (2008)"},{"key":"3105_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S172","DOI":"10.1137\/18M1193505","volume":"41","author":"T Wildey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wildey, T., Muralikrishnan, S., Bui-Thanh, T.: Unified geometric multigrid algorithm for hybridized high-order finite element methods. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 41, S172\u2013S195 (2019)","journal-title":"SIAM J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"3105_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11075-023-01643-5","volume":"96","author":"F Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu, F., Wang, B., Xie, M.: Local and parallel multigrid method for semilinear Neumann problem with nonlinear boundary condition. Numer. Algorithms 96, 185\u2013210 (2024)","journal-title":"Numer. Algorithms"},{"key":"3105_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962492917000083","volume":"26","author":"J Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu, J., Zikatanov, L.: Algebraic multigrid methods. Acta Numer 26, 591\u2013721 (2017)","journal-title":"Acta Numer"},{"key":"3105_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1137\/1034116","volume":"34","author":"J Xu","year":"1992","unstructured":"Xu, J.: Iterative methods by space decomposition and subspace correction. SIAM Rev. 34, 581\u2013613 (1992)","journal-title":"SIAM Rev."},{"key":"3105_CR46","unstructured":"Zhang, L.: A Parallel Algorithm for Adaptive Local Refinement of Tetrahedral Meshes Using Bi-section, Numer. Math. Theor. Meth. Appl., 2 , pp. 65\u201389. (2009) (Version 0.9.7: http:\/\/lsec.cc.ac.cn\/phg)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Scientific Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10915-025-03105-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10915-025-03105-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10915-025-03105-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T15:56:13Z","timestamp":1764777373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10915-025-03105-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10915-025-03105-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-7474","1573-7691"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-7474","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7691","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"76"}}