{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:12:00Z","timestamp":1777637520951,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (TW)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC 101-2410-H-025-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 101-2410-H-025-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-016-0476-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T16:23:05Z","timestamp":1460132585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["An EEG-Based Fuzzy Probability Model for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Hsiu-Sen","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shun-Chi","family":"Pao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"476_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-012-0345-4","volume":"263","author":"SA Silva Da","year":"2013","unstructured":"Da Silva, S. A., Scazufca, M., and Menezes, P. R., Population impact of depression on functional disability in elderly: Results from \u201cS\u00e3o Paulo Ageing & Health Study\u201d (SPAH). Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 263(2):153\u2013158, 2013.","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"476_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00225-1","volume":"160","author":"RT Lin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lin, R. T., Lai, C. L., Tai, C. T., Liu, C. K., Yen, Y. Y., and Howng, S. L., Prevalence and subtypes of dementia in southern Taiwan: Impact of age, sex, education, and urbanization. J. Neurol. Sci. 160(1):67\u201375, 1998.","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"476_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.17.6.206","volume":"17","author":"J Leon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Leon, J., Cheng, C. K., and Neumann, P. J., Alzheimer\u2019s disease care: Costs and potential savings. Health Aff (Millwood). 17(6):206\u2013216, 1998.","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)."},{"issue":"1","key":"476_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.005","volume":"44","author":"C Babiloni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Babiloni, C., Frisoni, G. B., Pievani, M., et al., Hippocampal volume and cortical sources of EEG alpha rhythms in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. NeuroImage 44(1):123\u2013135, 2009.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"476_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.07.022","volume":"47","author":"AC Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, A. C., Wang, S. J., Lai, K. L., et al., Cognitive and neuropsychiatric correlates of EEG dynamic complexity in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 47:52\u201361, 2013.","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"476_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2014.01.019","volume":"114","author":"JC McBride","year":"2014","unstructured":"McBride, J. C., Zhao, X., Munro, N. B., et al., Spectral and complexity analysis of scalp EEG characteristics for mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Comput. Methods Prog. Biomed. 114(2):153\u2013163, 2014.","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Prog. Biomed."},{"key":"476_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2014.03.007","volume":"13","author":"K Fu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fu, K., Qu, J., Chai, Y., and Dong, Y., Classification of seizure based on the time-frequency image of EEG signals using HHT and SVM. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 13:15\u201322, 2014.","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"476_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2013.07.008","volume":"114","author":"CC Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, C. C., Hsu, C. Y., Chiu, H. W., Hu, C. J., and Lee, T. C., Frequency power and coherence of electroencephalography are correlated with the severity of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A multicenter analysis in Taiwan. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 114(8):729\u2013735, 2015.","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"476_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x","volume":"14","author":"G Waldemar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Waldemar, G., Dubois, B., Emre, M., et al., Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other disorders associated with dementia: EFNS guideline. Eur. J. Neurol. 14(1):e1\u2013e26, 2007.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"476_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2006.12.011","volume":"3","author":"MD Christensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Christensen, M. D., and White, H. K., Dementia assessment and management. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 3(8):e89\u2013e98, 2007.","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"476_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780195169782.001.0001","volume-title":"Practical Dementia Care","author":"PV Rabims","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rabims, P. V., Lyketsos, C. G., and Steele, C. D., Practical Dementia Care, 2nd edition. University Press, Oxford, 2006.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"476_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(85)90092-2","volume":"31","author":"DM Mann","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mann, D. M., The neuropathology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A review with pathogenetic, aetiological and therapeutic considerations. Mech. Ageing Dev. 31(3):213\u2013255, 1985.","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"issue":"2","key":"476_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1995.tb06379.x","volume":"43","author":"HC Liu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Liu, H. C., Lin, K. N., Teng, E. L., et al., Prevalence and subtypes of dementia in Taiwan: A community survey of 5297 individuals. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 43(2):144\u2013149, 1995.","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"476_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2014.06.003","volume":"57","author":"A Klich-R\u0105czka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klich-R\u0105czka, A., Piotrowicz, K., Mossakowska, M., et al., The assessment of cognitive impairment suspected of dementia in Polish elderly people: Results of the population-based PolSenior Study. Exp. Gerontol. 57:233\u2013242, 2014.","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"476_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.10.018","volume":"324","author":"BH Strand","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strand, B. H., Langballe, E. M., Hjellvik, V., et al., Midlife vascular risk factors and their association with dementia deaths: Results from a Norwegian prospective study followed up for 35years. J. Neurol. Sci. 324(1\u20132):124\u2013130, 2013.","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"476_CR16","first-page":"2033","volume":"2011","author":"T Staudinger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Staudinger, T., and Polikar, R., Analysis of complexity based EEG features for the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. IEEE Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 2011:2033\u20132036, 2011.","journal-title":"IEEE Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"476_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.08.019","volume":"119","author":"G Kramer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kramer, G., van der Flier, W. M., de Langen, C., Blankenstein, M. A., Scheltens, P., and Stam, C. J., EEG functional connectivity and ApoE genotype in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and controls. Clin. Neurophysiol. 119(12):2727\u20132732, 2008.","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"476_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.04.008","volume":"570","author":"M Chaudhry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chaudhry, M., Hasnain, S., Snitz, B. E., et al., Association of APOE polymorphisms and stressful life events with dementia in a Pakistani population. Neurosci. Lett. 570:42\u201346, 2014.","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"476_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.05.046","volume":"576","author":"CS Chu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chu, C. S., Lu, T., Tsai, S. J., et al., APOE \u03b54 polymorphism and cognitive deficit among the very old Chinese veteran men without dementia. Neurosci. Lett. 576:17\u201321, 2014.","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"476_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01797193","volume":"87","author":"H Berger","year":"1929","unstructured":"Berger, H., On the electroencephalogram of man. I. Arch. Psychiatr. Nervenkr. 87:527\u2013570, 1929.","journal-title":"I. Arch. Psychiatr. Nervenkr."},{"key":"476_CR21","first-page":"205","volume":"15","author":"WP Wilson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wilson, W. P., Musella, L., and Short, M. J., The electroencephalogram in dementia. Contemp. Neurol. Ser. 15:205\u2013221, 1977.","journal-title":"Contemp. Neurol. Ser."},{"issue":"5","key":"476_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(94)00290-2","volume":"94","author":"M Signorino","year":"1995","unstructured":"Signorino, M., Pucci, E., Belardinelli, N., Nolle, G., and Angeleri, F., EEG spectral analysis in vascular and Alzheimer dementia. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 94(5):313\u2013325, 1995.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"476_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.04.010","volume":"125","author":"M Cantone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cantone, M., Di Pino, G., Capone, F., et al., The contribution of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the diagnosis and in the management of dementia. Clin. Neurophysiol. 125(8):1509\u20131532, 2014.","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"476_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.04.014","volume":"36","author":"A Felice Del","year":"2014","unstructured":"Del Felice, A., Broggio, E., Valbusa, V., Gambina, G., Arcaro, C., and Manganotti, P., Transient epileptic amnesia mistaken for mild cognitive impairment? A high-density EEG study. Epilepsy Behav. 36:41\u201346, 2014.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"issue":"8","key":"476_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.8.711","volume":"45","author":"H Soininen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Soininen, H., Partanen, J. V., Puranen, M., et al., EEG and computed tomography in the investigation of patients with senile dementia. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 45(8):711\u2013714, 1982.","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"476_CR26","first-page":"314","volume":"7","author":"V Jelic","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jelic, V., Shigeta, M., Julin, P., Almkvist, O., Winblad, B., and Wahlund, L. O., Quantitative electroencephalography power and coherence in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Dementia 7(6):314\u2013323, 1996.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"2","key":"476_CR27","first-page":"106","volume":"26","author":"V Knott","year":"2001","unstructured":"Knott, V., Mohr, E., Mahoney, C., et al., Quantitative electroencephalography in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: comparison with a control group, population norms and mental status. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 26(2):106\u2013116, 2001.","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"476_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00345-6","volume":"115","author":"DV Moretti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moretti, D. V., Babiloni, C., Binetti, G., et al., Individual analysis of EEG frequency and band power in mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Clin. Neurophysiol. 115(2):299\u2013308, 2004.","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"476_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.10.023","volume":"161","author":"C Lehmanna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lehmanna, C., Koenig, T., Jelic, V., et al., Application and comparison of classification algorithms for recognition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in electrical brain activity (EEG). J. Neurosci. Methods 161(2):342\u2013350, 2007.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"476_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(98)00054-6","volume":"110","author":"E Pucci","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pucci, E., Belardinelli, N., Cacchio\u00c1, G., Signorino, M., and Angeleri, F., EEG power spectrum differences in early and late onset forms of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Clin. Neurophysiol. 110(4):621\u2013631, 1999.","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"476_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.09.008","volume":"122","author":"Z Sankari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sankari, Z., Adeli, H., and Adeli, A., Intrahemispheric, interhemispheric, and distal EEG coherence in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Clin. Neurophysiol. 122(5):897\u2013906, 2011.","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"476_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00129-3","volume":"113","author":"M Kikuchi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kikuchi, M., Wadac, Y., Takedaa, T., Oed, H., Hashimoto, T., and Koshino, Y., EEG harmonic responses to photic stimulation in normal aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Differences in interhemispheric coherence. Clin. Neurophysiol. 113(7):1045\u20131051, 2002.","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"476_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.01.001","volume":"115","author":"J Jeong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jeong, J., EEG dynamics in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Clin. Neurophysiol. 115(7):1490\u20131505, 2004.","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"90","key":"476_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1090\/S0025-5718-1965-0178586-1","volume":"19","author":"JW Cooley","year":"1965","unstructured":"Cooley, J. W., and Tukey, J. W., An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series. Math. Comput. 19(90):297\u2013301, 1965.","journal-title":"Math. Comput."},{"key":"476_CR35","volume-title":"Chebyshev polynomials in numerical analysis","author":"L Fox","year":"1968","unstructured":"Fox, L., and Parker, I. B., Chebyshev polynomials in numerical analysis. Oxford University Press, Oxford, London, 1968."},{"issue":"3","key":"476_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zadeh, L. A., Fuzzy sets. Inf. Control. 8(3):338\u2013353, 1965.","journal-title":"Inf. Control."},{"issue":"1","key":"476_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(89)90021-6","volume":"23","author":"DW O\u2019connor","year":"1989","unstructured":"O\u2019connor, D. W., Pollitt, P. A., Hyde, J. B., et al., The reliability and validity of the Mini-Mental State in a British community survey. J. Psychiatr. Res. 23(1):87\u201396, 1989.","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"476_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1109\/78.80892","volume":"39","author":"RA Haddad","year":"1991","unstructured":"Haddad, R. A., and Akansu, A. N., A class of fast gaussian binomial filters for speech and image processing. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 39(3):723\u2013727, 1991.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process."},{"key":"476_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119994374","volume-title":"Fuzzy logic with engineering applications","author":"TJ Ross","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ross, T. J., Fuzzy logic with engineering applications. Wiley, Hoboken, 2010."},{"issue":"9","key":"476_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.1068","volume":"19","author":"DH Shih","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shih, D. H., Chiang, H. S., and Lin, B., A generalized associative petri net for reasoning. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 19(9):1241\u20131251, 2007.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"476_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.08.062","volume":"35","author":"DH Shih","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shih, D. H., Chiang, H. S., and Lin, B., Collaborative spam filtering with heterogeneous agents. Expert Syst. Appl. 35(4):1555\u20131566, 2008.","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"476_CR42","unstructured":"Kohavi, R. A study of cross-validation and bootstrap for accuracy estimation and model selection. In International joint conference on artificial intelligence. Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence (IJCAI\u201995). 2:1137\u20131143, 1995."},{"issue":"1","key":"476_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2006.09.003","volume":"9","author":"R Polikar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Polikar, R., Topalis, A., Parikh, D., et al., An ensemble based data fusion approach for early diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Inf. Fusion 9(1):83\u201395, 2008.","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"issue":"7","key":"476_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.03.026","volume":"119","author":"PM Rossini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rossini, P. M., Buscema, M., Capriotti, M., et al., Is it possible to automatically distinguish resting EEG data of normal elderly vs. mild cognitive impairment subjects with high degree of accuracy? Clin. Neurophysiol. 119(7):1534\u20131545, 2008.","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-016-0476-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10916-016-0476-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-016-0476-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T04:51:03Z","timestamp":1559451063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10916-016-0476-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-016-0476-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-5598","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]]},"article-number":"125"}}