{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T04:02:27Z","timestamp":1751860947424,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"FedEx Institute of Technology Innovation Grant, The University of Memphis, TN","award":["2013-537908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013-537908"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-1036-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T06:04:22Z","timestamp":1535609062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["BRAINsens: Body-Worn Reconfigurable Architecture of Integrated Network Sensors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0284-7307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruhi","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bashir I.","family":"Morshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavin M.","family":"Bidelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1036_CR1","unstructured":"Malan, D., et al., Codeblue: An ad hoc sensor network infrastructure for emergency medical care. Int. Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks. 5, 2004."},{"key":"1036_CR2","first-page":"183","volume":"9","author":"K Lorincz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lorincz, K. et al., Mercury: a wearable sensor network platform for high-fidelity motion analysis. Sens. Syst. 9:183\u2013196, 2009.","journal-title":"Sens. Syst."},{"key":"1036_CR3","volume-title":"4th Int. conf. on Mobile systems, applications and services, pp. 110\u2013123","author":"R Ganti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ganti, R. et al., SATIRE: A Software Architecture for Smart Attire. In: 4th Int. conf. on Mobile systems, applications and services, pp. 110\u2013123, June 2006."},{"issue":"1","key":"1036_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1260\/2040-2295.4.1.145","volume":"4","author":"L Kejia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kejia, L., and Warren, S., GumPack: A Personal Health Assistant with Reconfigurable Surface Components. J. Healthcare Eng. 4(1):145\u2013166, 2013.","journal-title":"J. Healthcare Eng."},{"key":"1036_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhury, T., et al., The mobile sensing platform: An embedded system for capturing and recognizing activities. IEEE Pervasive Magazine, 2008.","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2008.39"},{"key":"1036_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. DeVaul, et al., MIThril 2003: applications and architecture. IEEE Int. Symposium of Wearable Computing. 4, 2003.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWC.2003.1241386"},{"key":"1036_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Otto, C. A., Jovanov, E., and Milenkovic, A., \u201cA WBAN-based system for health monitoring at home,\u201d 3rd IEEE EMBS Int. Summer School and Symposium on Medical Devices and Biosensors (ISSS-MDBS), pp. 20\u201323, 2006.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSMDBS.2006.360087"},{"key":"1036_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-2-17","volume":"2","author":"M Sung","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sung, M., Marci, C., and Pentland, A., Wearable feedback systems for rehabilitation. J. Neuro Eng. Rehabilitation 2:17, 2005.","journal-title":"J. Neuro Eng. Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"1036_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2004.837888","volume":"8","author":"U Anliker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anliker, U. et al., AMON: A wearable multi parameter medical monitoring and alert system. IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 8(4):415\u2013427, Dec. 2004.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed."},{"issue":"3","key":"1036_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2005.854509","volume":"9","author":"CW Mundt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mundt, C. W. et al., A multi parameter wearable physiological monitoring for space and terrestrial applications. IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 9(3):382\u2013391, Sep. 2005.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed."},{"key":"1036_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riley, D, and Younis, M., A modular and power-intelligent architecture for wireless sensor nodes. IEEE Conf. on Local Computer Networks. 304\u2013307, 2012.","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN.2012.6423635"},{"key":"1036_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gama, O., et al., Towards a reconfigurable wireless sensor network for biomedical applications. Sensors Technologies and Applications. 490\u2013495, 2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/SENSORCOMM.2007.4394968"},{"key":"1036_CR13","unstructured":"Mohseni, P., and Najafi, K., Wireless multichannel Biopotential recording using an integrated FM telemetry circuit. 26th IEEE EMBS Annual Int. Conf., San Francisco, CA, pp. 4083\u20134086, 2004."},{"key":"1036_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Mohseni and Najafi, K., A battery-powered 8-channel wireless FM IC for biopotential recording applications. In: Dig. Tech. Papers 2005 IEEE Int. Solid- State Circuits Conf., San Francisco, CA, pp. 560\u2013561. 2005.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2005.1494118"},{"key":"1036_CR15","first-page":"123","volume":"133","author":"I Obeid","year":"2004","unstructured":"Obeid, I., Nicolelis, M. A. L., and Wolf, P. D., A multichannel telemetry system for single unit neural recordings. J. Neurosci. Methods 133:123\u2013135, 2004.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"1036_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-008-9242-9","volume":"34","author":"H Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, H., Wu, W., and Lee, J., A WBAN-Based Real-Time Electroencephalogram Monitoring System: Design and Implementation. J. Med. Syst. 34(3):303\u2013311, 2010.","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"1036_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2007.06.016","volume":"40","author":"B Gyselinckx","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gyselinckx, B., Penders, J., and Vullers, R., Potential and challenges of body area networks for cardiac monitoring. J. Electrocardiol. 40:S165\u2013S168, 2007.","journal-title":"J. Electrocardiol."},{"key":"1036_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modarreszadeh, M., and Schmidt, R. N., Wireless, 32-channel, EEG and epilepsy monitoring system. In: 19th Int. Conf. IEEE\/EMBS, IL, pp. 1157\u20131160. 1997.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.1997.756559"},{"issue":"7","key":"1036_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.873760","volume":"53","author":"S Farshchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Farshchi, S. et al., A TinyOS- enabled MICA2-based wireless neural interface. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 53(7):1416\u20131424, 2006.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1036_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Farshchi, et al., \u201cBi-Fi: An embedded sensor\/system architecture for remote biological monitoring,\u201d IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed., vol. 11(6), pp. 611\u2013618, 2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2007.897600"},{"key":"1036_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R, Matthews, et al., \u201cA wearable physiological sensor suite for unobtrusive monitoring of physiological and cognitive state\u201d, 29th. IEEE EMBS Annual Int. Conf.:5276\u20135281, 2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2007.4353532"},{"key":"1036_CR22","unstructured":"Emotiv EPOC. Available online: https:\/\/emotiv.com\/epoc.php ."},{"key":"1036_CR23","unstructured":"Muse, the brain-sensing headband. Available online: http:\/\/www.choosemuse.com\/ . (Accessed: Dec. 2016)."},{"key":"1036_CR24","unstructured":"Neurosky EEG Hardware Platforms. Available online: http:\/\/neurosky.com\/biosensors\/eeg-sensor\/biosensors\/ (Acc.: Dec2016)."},{"key":"1036_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chi, Y. M., Deiss, S. R., and Cauwenberghs, G., Non-contact low power EEG\/ECG electrode for high density wearable biopotential sensor networks. In: 6th Int. Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, pp. 246\u2013250, 2009.","DOI":"10.1109\/BSN.2009.52"},{"key":"1036_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan, T. J., Deiss, S. R., and Cauwenberghs, G., A low-noise, non- contact EEG\/ECG sensor,\u201d IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conf. (BioCAS), pp. 154\u2013157, 2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOCAS.2007.4463332"},{"key":"1036_CR27","unstructured":"NXP Semiconductors. (2012). I2C-bus specification and user manual. Available: http:\/\/www.nxp.com\/documents\/user_manual\/UM10204.pdf"},{"key":"1036_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2016.04.040","volume":"90","author":"R Mahajan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahajan, R., and Morshed, B. I., Performance analysis of a DRL-less AFE for battery-powered wearable EEG. Measurement 90:583\u2013591, 2016.","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"1036_CR29","unstructured":"R. Mahajan et al., Design and Validation of a Wearable \u201cDRL-less\u201d EEG using a Novel Fully-Reconfigurable Architecture. 38th Annual Int. Conf. of the IEEE EMBC, pp. 4999\u20135002, 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"1036_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/MIM.2009.4762946","volume":"12","author":"F Leens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leens, F., An introduction to I2C and SPI protocols. IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 12(1):8\u201313, 2009.","journal-title":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine"},{"key":"1036_CR31","unstructured":"Hanabusa, R., Comparing JTAG, SPI, and I2C. Spansion\u2019s Application Note. pp. 1\u20137, 2007."},{"key":"1036_CR32","unstructured":"Myers, P., Interfacing using serial protocols: using SPI and I2C. In: Proc. ESP 2005, pp. 1\u20139, 2007."},{"key":"1036_CR33","unstructured":"Compumedics Lim., SynAmps RT, Detailed Overview of Functionality. http:\/\/compumedicsneuroscan.com\/synamps-rt-64-channel-eegeperp\/ (Accessed: March 2016)."},{"key":"1036_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., High-frequency brain activity and muscle artifacts in MEG\/EEG: a review and recommendations, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 7(138), 2013.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00138"},{"issue":"4700","key":"1036_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3992243","volume":"228","author":"WJ Ray","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ray, W. J., and Cole, H. W., EEG alpha activity reflects attentional demands, and beta activity reflects emotional and cognitive processes. Science 228(4700):750\u2013752, 1985.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1036_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahajan, R., et al., Reconfigurable Architecture of Neuro-Physiological Sensors for Mobile Health System. In: IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies, pp. 402\u2013409, 2017.","DOI":"10.1109\/CHASE.2017.124"},{"key":"1036_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majmudar, C. et al., Real-time hybrid ocular artifact detection and removal for single channel EEG. IEEE Int. Conf. on Electro\/Information Technology (EIT), IL, pp. 330\u2013334, 2015.","DOI":"10.1109\/EIT.2015.7293363"},{"key":"1036_CR38","unstructured":"Pacareu, S. C., Morshed, B. I., and Kozma, R., Hardware efficient seizure prediction algorithm. SPIE Proc on Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, pp. 8691:1\u201310, 2013."},{"key":"1036_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pacareu, S. C., and Morshed, B. I., Power optimization of NeuroMonitor EEG device: Hardware\/Software co-designed Interrupt Driven clocking. 6th Intl. EMBS Conf. Neural Eng. pp. 25\u201328, 2013.","DOI":"10.1109\/NER.2013.6695862"},{"key":"1036_CR40","unstructured":"BioCapture Research System, CleveMed, Available online: https:\/\/glneurotech.com\/docrepo\/user-guides\/BioCapture-392-0028.pdf"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10916-018-1036-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-018-1036-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-018-1036-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T17:50:50Z","timestamp":1751824250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10916-018-1036-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-018-1036-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-5598"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-689X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 May 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study involves the human participation and hence was pre-approved by the University of Memphis Institutional Review Board committee (Approval Number: 2289). The system\u2019s safety, deployment, acquisition protocol and recruitment process were evaluated by the committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"185"}}