{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T05:17:39Z","timestamp":1768972659666,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008628","name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IITM\/DeitY- MLA \/ASO\/77"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITM\/DeitY- MLA \/ASO\/77"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-019-1490-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T09:02:39Z","timestamp":1578042159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cortical Excitability through Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: a Computational Approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Yashika","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1878-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubhajit Roy","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.03.002","volume":"5","author":"AR Brunoni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brunoni, A. R., Nitsche, M. A., Bolognini, N., Bikson, M., Wagner, T., Merabet, L., Edwards, D. J., Valero-Cabre, A., Rotenberg, A., Pascual-Leone, A., Ferrucci, R., Priori, A., Boggio, P. S., and Fregni, F., Clinical research with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): Challenges and future directions. Brain stimulation 5(3):175\u2013195, 2012.","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"1490_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2011-0618","volume":"29","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nitsche, M. A., and Paulus, W., Transcranial direct current stimulation\u2013update 2011. Restorative neurology and neuroscience 29(6):463\u2013492, 2011.","journal-title":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"1490_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.42.9.687","volume":"42","author":"C Terzuolo","year":"1956","unstructured":"Terzuolo, C., and Bullock, T., Measurement of imposed voltage gradient adequate to modulate neuronal firing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 42(9):687\u2013694, 1956.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","volume":"527","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nitsche, M. A., and Paulus, W., Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. The Journal of physiology 527(3):633\u2013639, 2000.","journal-title":"The Journal of physiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1490_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11071091","volume":"169","author":"J Brunelin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brunelin, J., Mondino, M., Gassab, L., Haesebaert, F., Gaha, L., Suaud-Chagny, M. F., Saoud, M., Mechri, A., and Poulet, E., Examining transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) as a treatment for hallucinations in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 169(7):719\u2013724, 2012.","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"1490_CR6","first-page":"611","volume":"46","author":"C Freitas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freitas, C., Mondrag\u00f3n-Llorca, H., and Pascual-Leone, A., Noninvasive brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review and perspectives for the future. Experimental gerontology 46(8):611\u2013627, 2011.","journal-title":"Experimental gerontology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059412444976","volume":"43","author":"C Miniussi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miniussi, C., Brignani, D., and Pellicciari, M. C., Combining transcranial electrical stimulation with electroencephalography: A multimodal approach. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 43(3):184\u2013191, 2012.","journal-title":"Clinical EEG and Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"1490_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-0949-y","volume":"42","author":"MA Fuentes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fuentes, M. A. et al., Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Virtual Reality-Based Paradigm for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Individuals with Restricted Movements. A Feasibility Study with a Chronic Stroke Survivor with Severe Hemiparesis. Journal of medical systems 42(5):87, 2018.","journal-title":"Journal of medical systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.07.001","volume":"13","author":"JJ Borckardt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borckardt, J. J. et al., A pilot study of the tolerability and effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on pain perception. The Journal of Pain 13(2):112\u2013120, 2012.","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"6972","key":"1490_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/427311a","volume":"427","author":"B Draganski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Draganski, B., Gaser, C., Busch, V., Schuierer, G., Bogdahn, U., and May, A., Neuroplasticity: changes in grey matter induced by training. Nature 427(6972):311, 2004.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1490_CR11","unstructured":"Brem, S., Abdullah, K. G., Glioblastoma E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences, (2016)."},{"key":"1490_CR12","unstructured":"Datta, A., Elwassif, M., Bikson, M., Bio-heat transfer model of transcranial DC stimulation: comparison of conventional pad versus ring electrode, in Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009. EMBC 2009. Annual International Conference of the IEEE, pp. 670\u2013673: IEEE, (2009)."},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049916","volume":"553","author":"M Nitsche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nitsche, M. et al., Pharmacological modulation of cortical excitability shifts induced by transcranial direct current stimulation in humans. The Journal of physiology 553(1):293\u2013301, 2003.","journal-title":"The Journal of physiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"1490_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00235-9","volume":"114","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nitsche, M. A., Liebetanz, D., Lang, N., Antal, A., Tergau, F., and Paulus, W., Safety criteria for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in humans. Clinical Neurophysiology 114(11):2220\u20132222, 2003.","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1800-2","volume":"156","author":"N Lang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lang, N., Nitsche, M., Paulus, W., Rothwell, J., and Lemon, R., Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation over the human motor cortex on corticospinal and transcallosal excitability. Experimental brain research 156(4):439\u2013443, 2004.","journal-title":"Experimental brain research"},{"issue":"12","key":"1490_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.020","volume":"121","author":"M Bikson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bikson, M., Datta, A., Rahman, A., and Scaturro, J., Electrode montages for tDCS and weak transcranial electrical stimulation: Role of \u201creturn\u201d electrode\u2019s position and size. Clinical Neurophysiology 121(12):1976\u20131978, 2010.","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"1490_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2015.00089","volume":"9","author":"AF DaSilva","year":"2015","unstructured":"DaSilva, A. F., Truong, D. Q., DosSantos, M. F., Toback, R. L., Datta, A., and Bikson, M., State-of-art neuroanatomical target analysis of high-definition and conventional tDCS montages used for migraine and pain control. Frontiers in neuroanatomy 9:89, 2015.","journal-title":"Frontiers in neuroanatomy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.02.004","volume":"7","author":"V L\u00f3pez-Alonso","year":"2014","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Alonso, V., Cheeran, B., R\u00edo-Rodr\u00edguez, D., and Fern\u00e1ndez-del-Olmo, M., Inter-individual variability in response to non-invasive brain stimulation paradigms. Brain stimulation 7(3):372\u2013380, 2014.","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"1490_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.05.002","volume":"8","author":"I Laakso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Laakso, I., Tanaka, S., Koyama, S., De Santis, V., and Hirata, A., Inter-subject variability in electric fields of motor cortical tDCS. Brain stimulation 8(5):906\u2013913, 2015.","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059412445138","volume":"43","author":"M Bikson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bikson, M., Rahman, A., and Datta, A., Computational models of transcranial direct current stimulation. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 43(3):176\u2013183, 2012.","journal-title":"Clinical EEG and Neuroscience"},{"key":"1490_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00091","volume":"3","author":"A Datta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Datta, A., Inter-individual variation during transcranial direct current stimulation and normalization of dose using MRI-derived computational models. Frontiers in psychiatry 3:91, 2012.","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychiatry"},{"key":"1490_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oostendorp, T. F., Hengeveld, Y. A., Wolters, C. H., Stinstra, J., van Elswijk, G., Stegeman, D. F., Modeling transcranial DC stimulation, (2008).","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2008.4650142"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.03.009","volume":"7","author":"DQ Truong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Truong, D. Q., H\u00fcber, M., Xie, X., Datta, A., Rahman, A., Parra, L. C., Dmochowski, J. P., and Bikson, M., Clinician accessible tools for GUI computational models of transcranial electrical stimulation: BONSAI and SPHERES. Brain stimulation 7(4):521\u2013524, 2014.","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"key":"1490_CR24","unstructured":"Y. Huang, A. Datta, M. Bikson, and L. C. Parra, \"Realistic vOlumetric-Approach to Simulate Transcranial Electric Stimulation--ROAST--a fully automated open-source pipeline,\" bioRxiv, p. 217331, 2017."},{"key":"1490_CR25","unstructured":"Saturnino, G., Antunes, A., Stelzer, J., Thielscher, A., \"SimNIBS: A versatile toolbox for simulating fields generated by transcranial brain stimulation,\" in 21st Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM 2015), (2015)."},{"key":"1490_CR26","unstructured":"Cocosco, C. A., Kollokian, V., Kwan, R. K.-S., Pike, G. B., Evans, A. C., Brainweb: Online interface to a 3D MRI simulated brain database, in NeuroImage, Citeseer, (1997)."},{"key":"1490_CR27","unstructured":"McGill University. (10 December). BrainWeb: Simulated Brain Database. Available: http:\/\/brainweb.bic.mni.mcgill.ca\/brainweb\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.033","volume":"54","author":"V Fonov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fonov, V., Evans, A. C., Botteron, K., Almli, C. R., McKinstry, R., Collins, D. L., and Brain Development Cooperative Group, Unbiased average age-appropriate atlases for pediatric studies. Neuroimage 54(1):313\u2013327, 2011.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1490_CR29","unstructured":"McAuliffe, M. J., Lalonde, F. M., McGarry, D., Gandler, W., Csaky, K., Trus, B. L., Medical image processing, analysis and visualization in clinical research, in Computer-Based Medical Systems, 2001. CBMS 2001. Proceedings. 14th IEEE Symposium on, pp. 381\u2013386: IEEE, (2001)."},{"key":"1490_CR30","unstructured":"Solidworks. (2018). 3D CAD Design Software. Available: https:\/\/www.solidworks.com\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.024","volume":"34","author":"V Jurcak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jurcak, V., Tsuzuki, D., and Dan, I., 10\/20, 10\/10, and 10\/5 systems revisited: Their validity as relative head-surface-based positioning systems. Neuroimage 34(4):1600\u20131611, 2007.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.09.010","volume":"6","author":"H-I Kuo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuo, H.-I., Bikson, M., Datta, A., Minhas, P., Paulus, W., Kuo, M. F., and Nitsche, M. A., Comparing cortical plasticity induced by conventional and high-definition 4\u00d7 1 ring tDCS: A neurophysiological study. Brain stimulation 6(4):644\u2013648, 2013.","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00412-1","volume":"114","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nitsche, M. A., Nitsche, M. S., Klein, C. C., Tergau, F., Rothwell, J. C., and Paulus, W., Level of action of cathodal DC polarisation induced inhibition of the human motor cortex. Clinical Neurophysiology 114(4):600\u2013604, 2003.","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1490_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.10.1899","volume":"57","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nitsche, M. A., and Paulus, W., Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans. Neurology 57(10):1899\u20131901, 2001.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1490_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67692","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067692","volume":"8","author":"Y Petrov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Petrov, Y., and Sridhar, S., Electric Field Encephalography as a tool for functional brain research: a modeling study. PloS one 8(7):e67692, 2013.","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"046027","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aac3f9","volume":"15","author":"C Versek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Versek, C., Frasca, T., Zhou, J., Chowdhury, K., and Sridhar, S., Electric field encephalography for brain activity monitoring. Journal of neural engineering 15(4):046027, 2018.","journal-title":"Journal of neural engineering"},{"key":"1490_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Zhang, D. Yan, S. Zhu, and B. He, \"Noninvasive imaging of head-brain conductivity profiles,\" IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, vol. 27, no. 5, 2008.","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2008.923953"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-015-0205-7","volume":"39","author":"A Dutta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dutta, A., Jacob, A., Chowdhury, S. R., Das, A., and Nitsche, M. A., EEG-NIRS based assessment of neurovascular coupling during anodal transcranial direct current stimulation-a stroke case series. Journal of medical systems 39(4):36, 2015.","journal-title":"Journal of medical systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"1490_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2012.2189885","volume":"59","author":"C Schmidt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmidt, C., and van Rienen, U., Modeling the field distribution in deep brain stimulation: The influence of anisotropy of brain tissue. IEEE Transactions on biomedical engineering 59(6):1583\u20131592, 2012.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on biomedical engineering"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-019-1490-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10916-019-1490-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-019-1490-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]],"date-time":"2021-01-02T01:06:46Z","timestamp":1609549606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10916-019-1490-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-019-1490-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-5598","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}],"article-number":"48"}}