{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T16:28:16Z","timestamp":1747153696919,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have previously demonstrated that clinical pathway completion helps reduce hospital stays. However, our previous results showed only a correlation, not causation. Therefore, the current study\u2019s aim was to analyze the causation between clinical pathway completion and reduced hospital stays for patients with lung cancer. Data were collected from April 2013 to March 2018 from the electronic medical records of the University of Miyazaki Hospital. We used propensity score matching to extract records from 227 patients. Patients were further divided into a pathway completed group and a pathway not completed group; 74 patients in each group were available for data analysis. Our main analysis involved estimating the discharge curve, which was comprised of the in-hospital rate and hospital stay. Additional analyzes were performed to compare the frequency of medical treatments registered in the clinical pathway but not implemented (termed deviated medical treatments). The occurrence of these treatments meant that the clinical pathway was not completed. The main results indicated a decrease in the in-hospital rate of the completion group, compared with the not completed group. The <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value of the log-rank test was &lt;0.001 for total patients and patients who underwent resection, and 0.017 for patients who did not undergo resection. Additional results indicated that a number of intravenous drips were not implemented, despite their registration on clinical pathways. Our results indicate that clinical pathway completion contributes to improved efficiency and safety. This simplified procedure is expected to be applicable to other diseases and clinical indicators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-020-01570-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T05:03:13Z","timestamp":1587445393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Causation between Pathway Completion and Reduced Hospital Stay in Patients with Lung Cancer: a Retrospective Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7514-0049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Furuhata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Taisuke","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1570_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-017-0857-6","volume":"41","author":"H Furuhata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Furuhata, H., Araki, K., Ogawa, T., Ikeda, M. Effect on completion of clinical pathway for improving clinical indicator: cases of hospital stay, mortality rate, and comprehensive-volume ratio. J Med Syst 41:206, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-017-0857-6","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"1570_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0465-8","volume":"17","author":"KF Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin, K. F., Wu, H. F., Huang, W. C., Tang, P. L., Wu, M. T., Wu, F. Z. Propensity score analysis of lung cancer risk in a population with high prevalence of non-smoking related lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med 17:120, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-017-0465-8","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"1570_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-017-0836-6","volume":"12","author":"S Wei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wei, S., Xie, M., Tian, J., Song, X., Wu, B., Liu, L. Propensity score-matching analysis of postoperative radiotherapy for stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Radiat Oncol 12:96, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-017-0836-6","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02913-8","volume":"7","author":"J Weberpals","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weberpals, J., Jansen, L., Haefeli, W. E., Hoffmeister, M., Wolkewitz, M., van Herk-Sukel, MP, Vissers, P. A., Brenner, H. Pre- and post-diagnostic \u03b2-blocker use and lung cancer survival: A population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 7:2911, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-02913-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1570_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4354","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1701","volume":"7","author":"D Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, D., Wang, H., Song, X., Yue, J., Yu, J. Preoperative radiation may improve the outcomes of resectable IIIA\/N2 non-small-cell lung cancer patients: A propensity score matching-based analysis from surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Cancer Med 7:4354-4360, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.1701","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"1570_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5061","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.11.08","volume":"9","author":"S Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan, S., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Lv, C., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Wu, N. Intermittent chest tube clamping may shorten chest tube drainage and postoperative hospital stay after lung cancer surgery: a propensity score matching analysis. J Thorac Dis 9:5061, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jtd.2017.11.08","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"1570_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.08.127","volume":"12","author":"H Adachi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adachi, H., Sakamaki, K., Nishii, T., Yamamoto, T., Nagashima, T., Ishikawa, Y., Ando, K., Yamanaka, K., Watanabe, K., Kumakiri, Y., Tsuboi, M. Lobe-specific lymph node dissection as a standard procedure in surgery for non\u2013small cell lung cancer: A propensity score matching study. J Thorac Oncol 12:85-93, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.08.127","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.12414","volume":"8","author":"MS Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu, M. S., Chen, M. F., Lin, C. C., Tseng, Y. H., Huang, Y. K., Liu, H. P., Tsai, Y. H. Is chronic kidney disease an adverse factor in lung cancer clinical outcome? A propensity score matching study. Thorac Cancer 8:106-113, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1759-7714.12414","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"1570_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.8762","volume":"32","author":"RJ Landreneau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Landreneau, R. J., Normolle, D. P., Christie, N. A., Awais, O., Wizorek, J. J., Abbas, G., Pennathur, A., Shende, M., Weksler, B., Luketich, J. D., Schuchert, M. J. Recurrence and survival outcomes after anatomic segmentectomy versus lobectomy for clinical stage I non\u2013small-cell lung cancer: a propensity-matched analysis. J Clin Oncol 32:2449-2455, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.8762","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.4270","volume":"33","author":"CD Corso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Corso, C. D., Rutter, C. E., Park, H. S., Lester-Coll, N. H., Kim, AW, Wilson, L. D., Husain, Z. A., Lilenbaum, R. C., Yu, J. B., Decker, R. H. Role of chemoradiotherapy in elderly patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 33:4240, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.4270","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.12224","volume":"6","author":"Q Cao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cao, Q., Zhang, B., Zhao, L., Wang, C., Gong, L., Wang, J., Pang, Q., Li, K., Liu, W., Li X., Wang, P. Reappraisal of the role of postoperative radiation therapy in patients with pIIIa-N2 non-small cell lung cancer: A propensity score matching analysis. Thorac Cancer 6:570-578, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1759-7714.12224","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"1570_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2017.06.10","volume":"29","author":"M Zhuo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhuo, M., Zheng, Q., Zhao, J., Wu, M., An, T., Wang, Y., Li, J., Wang, S., Zhong, J., Yang, X., Chen, H. Survival difference between EGFR Del19 and L858R mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving gefitinib: a propensity score matching analysis. Chin J Cancer Res 29:553, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2017.06.10","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"key":"1570_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vi99","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt178","volume":"24","author":"M Fr\u00fch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fr\u00fch, M., De Ruysscher, D., Popat, S., Crin\u00f2, L., Peters, S., Felip, E., ESMO Guidelines working group Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC): ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 24:vi99-vi105, 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdt178","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu089","volume":"25","author":"J Vansteenkiste","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vansteenkiste, J., Crin\u00f2, L., Dooms, C., Douillard, J. Y., Faivre-Finn, C., Lim, E., Rocco, G., Senan, S., Van Schil, P., Veronesi, G., Stahel, R. 2nd ESMO Consensus Conference on Lung Cancer: early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer consensus on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 25:1462-1474, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdu089","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv187","volume":"26","author":"WE Eberhardt.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eberhardt. W. E., De Ruysscher, D., Weder, W., Le P\u00e9choux, C, De Leyn, P., Hoffmann, H., Westeel, V., Stahel, R., Felip, E., Peters, S., Panel Members 2nd ESMO Consensus Conference in Lung Cancer: locally advanced stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 26:1573-1588, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdv187","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv1","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx222","volume":"28","author":"PE Postmus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Postmus, P. E., Kerr, K. M., Oudkerk, M., Senan, S., Waller, D. A., Vansteenkiste, J., Escriu, C., Peters, S. Early and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 28:iv1-iv21, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdx222","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv192","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy275","volume":"29","author":"D Planchard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Planchard, D., Popat, S., Kerr, K., Novello, S., Smit, E. F., Faivre-Finn, C., Mok, T. S., Reck, M., Van Schil, P. E., Hellmann, MD, Peters, S. Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 29:iv192-iv237, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdy275","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i851","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i851","volume":"352","author":"CJ Wallis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wallis, C. J., Mahar, A. L., Choo, R., Herschorn, S., Kodama, R. T., Shah, P. S., Danjoux, C., Narod, S. A., Nam, R. K. Second malignancies after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 352:i851, 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i851","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1570_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7010.899","volume":"311","author":"Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group","year":"1995","unstructured":"Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis using updated data on individual patients from 52 randomised clinical trials. BMJ 311:899-909, 1995.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1570_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.673","volume":"5","author":"T Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang, T., Min, W., Li, Y., Yue, Z., Wu, C., Zhou, C. Radiotherapy plus EGFR TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases: an update meta-analysis. Cancer Med 5:1055-1065, 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.673","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"1570_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212033272302","volume":"327","author":"JP Pignon","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pignon, J. P., Arriagada, R., Ihde, D. C., Johnson, D. H., Perry, M. C., Souhami, R. L., Brodin, O., Joss, R. A., Kies, M. S., Lebeau, B., Onoshi, T. A meta-analysis of thoracic radiotherapy for small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 327:1618-1624, 1992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199212033272302","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1570_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.05.007","volume":"23","author":"A Chi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chi, A., Chen, H., Wen, S., Yan, H., Liao, Z. Comparison of particle beam therapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and hypothesis-generating meta-analysis. Radiother Oncol 23:346-354, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.05.007","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41670","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16471","volume":"8","author":"C P\u00f6ttgen","year":"2017","unstructured":"P\u00f6ttgen, C., Eberhardt, W., Stamatis, G., Stuschke, M. Definitive radiochemotherapy versus surgery within multimodality treatment in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) - a cumulative meta-analysis of the randomized evidence. Oncotarget 8:41670, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.16471","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"1570_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181b9ecca","volume":"4","author":"E Lim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lim, E., Harris, G., Patel, A., Adachi, I., Edmonds, L., Song, F. Preoperative versus postoperative chemotherapy in patients with resectable non-small cell Lung cancer systematic review and indirect comparison meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Thorac Oncol 4:1380-1388, 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181b9ecca","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0157455","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157455","volume":"11","author":"J Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Xia, Y., Kaminski, J, Hao, Z., Mott, F., Campbell, J., Sadek, R., Kong, F. M. Treatment-related death during concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. PLoS ONE 11:e0157455, 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0157455","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1570_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.41.6677","volume":"30","author":"A Mauguen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mauguen, A., Le P\u00e9choux, C., Saunders, M. I., Schild, S. E., Turrisi, A. T., Baumann, M, Sause, W. T., Ball, D., Belani, C. P., Bonner, J. A., Zajusz, A. Hyperfractionated or accelerated radiotherapy in lung cancer: an individual patient data meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol 30:2788, 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2012.41.6677","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1570_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318219c171","volume":"128","author":"PB Burns","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burns, P. B., Rohrich, R. J., Chung, K. C. The Levels of Evidence and their role in Evidence-Based Medicine. Plast Reconstr Surg 128:305\u2013310, 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318219c171.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"1570_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.12-1-107","volume":"12","author":"EP Rock","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rock, E. P., Goodman, V., Jiang, J. X., Mahjoob, K., Verbois, S. L., Morse, D., Dagher, R., Justice, R., Pazdur, R. Food and Drug Administration drug approval summary: Sunitinib malate for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and advanced renal cell carcinoma. Oncologist 12:107-113, 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.12-1-107","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"1570_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2009-0178","volume":"15","author":"VE Kwitkowski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kwitkowski, V. E., Prowell, T. M., Ibrahim, A., Farrell, A. T., Justice, R., et al. DA approval summary: temsirolimus as treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Oncologist 15:428-435, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2009-0178","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"1570_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0241","volume":"19","author":"D Kazandjian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kazandjian, D., Blumenthal, G. M., Chen, H. Y., He, K., Patel, M., Justice, R., Keegan, P., Pazdur, R. FDA approval summary: crizotinib for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements. Oncologist 19:e5-e11, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0241","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"1570_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.984","volume":"20","author":"Z Li","year":"2001","unstructured":"Li, Z., Meredith, M. P., Hoseyni, M. S. A method to assess the proportion of treatment effect explained by a surrogate endpoint. Statist Med 20:3175-3188, 2001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.984","journal-title":"Statist Med"},{"key":"1570_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2018.4.38383","volume":"19","author":"CH McCoy","year":"2018","unstructured":"McCoy, C. H. Understanding the use of composite endpoints in clinical trials. West J Emerg Med 19:631-634, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/westjem.2018.4.38383","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"1570_CR33","volume-title":"Microeconomic Analysis","author":"HR Varian","year":"1992","unstructured":"Varian, H. R. Microeconomic Analysis 3rd edn. W. W. Norton & Company Inc., New York, 1992.","edition":"3"},{"key":"1570_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6404","volume":"362","author":"D Silver","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silver, D., Hubert, T., Schrittwieser, J., Antonoglou, I., Lai, M., Guez, A., Lanctot, M., Sifre, L., Kumaran, D., Graepel, T., Lillicrap, T. A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play. Science 362:1140-1144, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aar6404","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-020-01570-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10916-020-01570-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-020-01570-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T23:55:55Z","timestamp":1618962955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10916-020-01570-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-020-01570-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-5598"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-689X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in line with the ethical standards of Committee of Medical Ethics, University of Miyazaki (Ethics approval number: O-0383) and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained by opt-out method. Concretely, the authors noticed details of this study on their website and asked participants to offer the authors not to use their information until the specified date. After this date, the authors could use information without patients who asked us not to use.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"105"}}