{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:08:29Z","timestamp":1768313309723,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Syst"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-024-02073-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T07:01:54Z","timestamp":1717225314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Generalized Confidence Intervals for Ratios of Standard Deviations Based on Log-Normal Distribution when Times Follow Weibull Distributions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-5377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Fu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5897-2484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franklin","family":"Dexter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2073_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-023-01935-2","volume":"47","author":"F Dexter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dexter F, Ledolter J. Exceedance probabilities of log-normal distributions for one group, two groups, and meta-analysis of multiple two-group studies, with application to analyses of prolonged times to tracheal extubation. J Med Syst 2023;47:49.","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"2073_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9519-1","volume":"58","author":"RE Wachtel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wachtel RE, Dexter F, Epstein RH, Ledolter J. Meta-analysis of desflurane and propofol average times and variability in times to extubation and following commands. Can J Anesth 2011;58:714-24.","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"2073_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcorm.2021.100165","volume":"23","author":"F Dexter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dexter F, Epstein RH. Implications of the log-normal distribution for updating estimates of the time remaining until ready for phase I post-anesthesia care unit discharge. Periop Care Oper Room Manag 2021;23:100165.","journal-title":"Periop Care Oper Room Manag"},{"key":"2073_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31828b3813","volume":"116","author":"F Dexter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dexter F, Epstein RH, Bayman EO, Ledolter J. Estimating surgical case durations and making comparisons among facilities: identifying facilities with lower anesthesia professional fees. Anesth Analg 2013;116:1103-15.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2073_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dexter F, Pinho RH, Pang DS. Modeling daily veterinary anesthetist patient care hours and probabilities of exceeding critical thresholds. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2024;85:ajvr.23.09.0196.","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.09.0196"},{"key":"2073_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200004000-00035","volume":"92","author":"DP Strum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Strum DP, May JH, Vargas LG. Modeling the uncertainty of surgical procedure times: comparison of the log-normal and normal models. Anesthesiology 2000;92:1160-67.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2073_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181b5dcb7","volume":"110","author":"F Dexter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dexter F, Bayman EO, Epstein RH. Statistical modeling of average and variability of time to\u00a0extubation for meta-analysis comparing desflurane to sevoflurane. Anesth Analg 2010;110:570-80.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2073_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318227518f","volume":"113","author":"J Ledolter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ledolter J, Dexter F, Epstein RH. Analysis of variance of communication latencies in\u00a0anesthesia: Comparing means of multiple log-normal distributions. Anesth Analg 2011;113:888-96.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2073_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002882","volume":"126","author":"LG Glance","year":"2018","unstructured":"Glance LG, Dutton RP, Feng C, Li Y, Lustik SJ, Dick AW. Variability in case durations for common surgical procedures. Anesth Analg 2018;126:2017-24.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2073_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2015.0564","volume":"18","author":"A Ozen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ozen A, Marmor Y, Rohleder T, Balasubramanian H, Huddleston J, Huddleston P. Optimization and simulation of orthopedic spine surgery cases at Mayo Clinic. Manuf Serv Oper Manag 2016;18:157-75.","journal-title":"Manuf Serv Oper Manag"},{"key":"2073_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2008.08.012","volume":"53","author":"JS Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim JS, Yum BJ. Selection between Weibull and lognormal distributions: A comparative simulation study. Comput\u00a0Stat\u00a0Data\u00a0Anal 2008;53:477-85.","journal-title":"Comput Stat Data Anal"},{"key":"2073_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2023.111210","volume":"90","author":"F Dexter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dexter F, Hindman BJ. Systematic review with meta-analysis of relative risk of prolonged times to tracheal extubation with desflurane versus sevoflurane or isoflurane. J Clin Anesth 2023; 90:111210.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"2073_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3758(02)00153-2","volume":"115","author":"K Krishnamoorthy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Krishnamoorthy K, Mathew T. Inferences on the means of lognormal distributions using generalized p-values and generalized confidence intervals. J Stat Plan Infer 2003;115:103-21.","journal-title":"J Stat Plan Infer"},{"key":"2073_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1198\/TECH.2010.09189","volume":"53","author":"K Krishnamoorthy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krishnamoorthy K, Mallick A, Mathew T. Inference for the lognormal mean and quantiles based on samples with left and right type I censoring. Technometrics 2011;53:72-83.","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"2073_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-015-1022-8","volume":"29","author":"SK Powar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Powar SK, Kulkarni HV. Estimation of confidence interval for hydrological design value for some continuous distributions under complete and censored samples. Stoch\u00a0Environ\u00a0Res\u00a0Risk\u00a0Assess 2015;29:1691-1708.","journal-title":"Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess"},{"key":"2073_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200105000-00026","volume":"92","author":"F Dexter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dexter F, Traub RD, Penning DH. Statistical analysis by Monte-Carlo simulation of the impact of administrative and medical delays in discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit on total patient care hours. Anesth\u00a0Analg 2001; 92: 1222-5.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-024-02073-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10916-024-02073-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-024-02073-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T07:29:43Z","timestamp":1736839783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10916-024-02073-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-024-02073-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"All computer code used is accessible on GitHub:Code finding Weibull two parameters having population mean in time scale and variance in\u00a0time scale approximate the log-normal distributions with difference below 1E-6 hours:Code without multithreading, runs slowly, but easier to read and obtain our results:Code with multithreading, runs quickly (about 10 min for each 100,000 simulations) and obtains results identical to at least 16 digits as the one without multithreading:There is no data used in this article, only computer code.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Computer Code Accessibility"}},{"value":"We have not used artificial intelligence technologies in the generation of the paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Use of Artificial Intelligence"}}],"article-number":"58"}}