{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T17:08:22Z","timestamp":1768583302102,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"The University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Syst"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Timely access to radiotherapy appointment information remains challenging in hospitals\u2014including many in Japan\u2014due to fragmented information systems and strict security policies restricting access to databases or application programming interfaces (API). We developed an offline robotic process automation (RPA) workflow that captures scheduling data directly from the graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of the electronic medical record (EMR) and radiology information system (RIS) consolidating new-patient consultations, computed tomography (CT) simulations, and first-fraction irradiation sessions into a color-coded, four-week Excel calendar. The robot, scripted using the no-code KEYENCE RK-10 environment, logs into each application, applies rule-based filters, exports comma-separated-values (CSV) files, and populates a pre-formatted template without requiring any back-end modifications. During a two-week deployment at a community radiotherapy center, each weekday run finished in a median 3.9\u00a0min [inter-quartile range, IQR 3.1\u20134.8\u00a0min] and listed 36 appointments (16 consultations, five CTs, and 15 first-fraction irradiations). Two discrepancies compared to a legacy whiteboard revealed manual omissions. A semi-structured survey of 12 staff members recorded the highest Likert score [median 5.0, IQR 4.0\u20135.0] for reductions in documentation time, perceived workload, and error frequency in favor of the RPA implementation. This lightweight GUI-level approach provides a secure and rapidly deployable solution for small- to medium-sized radiotherapy centers operating under stringent information-technology (IT) policies, enhancing scheduling accuracy and staff efficiency without database integration. EMR, RPA, Radiation Therapy, Automation, Visualization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-025-02238-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T01:44:04Z","timestamp":1754531044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Implementation and Evaluation of an Offline RPA-Based Scheduling Visualization Tool for Radiotherapy Under Security Constraints"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Takuya","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ryuhei","family":"Takeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2238_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrad085","volume":"65","author":"M Saito","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saito M, Tamamoto T, Kawashiro S, et al. (2024) Current status of remote radiotherapy treatment planning in Japan: findings from a national survey. J Radiat Res 65:127\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jrr\/rrad085","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"key":"2238_CR2","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) (2023) Roadmap for the Promotion of Healthcare DX (Digital Transformation). https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/english\/policy\/health-medical\/healthcare-dx\/index.html"},{"key":"2238_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3233\/SHTI210768","volume":"284","author":"N Nishida","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nishida N, Hikita T, Iida M, et al. (2021) Study of Sharing Patient Information by Nurses between Inpatient and Outpatient Wards in Japan. 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J Med Syst 49:4\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02173-4","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"2238_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2022.28.2.105","volume":"28","author":"K Nagoshi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nagoshi K, Watari T, Matsumura Y (2022) Prospects of Hospital Information Systems and Patient Safety in Japan. Healthc Inform Res 28:105\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4258\/hir.2022.28.2.105","journal-title":"Healthc Inform Res"},{"key":"2238_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2022.104752","volume":"162","author":"K Takeshita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takeshita K, Takao H, Imoto S, Murayama Y (2022) Improvement of the Japanese healthcare data system for the effective management of patients with COVID-19: A national survey. 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J Appl Clin Med Phys 23:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.13610","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02238-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02238-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02238-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T01:44:08Z","timestamp":1754531048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02238-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02238-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed and approved by the internal ethics committee of Tomei Atsugi Hospital (Approval No. 2025002, approved on May 22, 2025).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical Trial Number"}}],"article-number":"102"}}