{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T11:25:31Z","timestamp":1772882731488,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Syst"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-025-02314-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:37:38Z","timestamp":1765154258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High Concordance Between GPT-4o and Multidisciplinary Tumor Board Decisions in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Decision Support Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6912-7737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre Utkan","family":"B\u00fcy\u00fckceran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8540-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u00e7a","family":"Seyfettin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8406-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andelib","family":"Babat\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4683-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat Bulut","family":"\u00d6zkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dil\u015fen","family":"\u00c7olak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1403-8064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130lhami","family":"\u00dcnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4127-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esin","family":"Kaymaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Esin","family":"Erg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5729-0406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa \u00d6zde\u015f","family":"Emer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7100-7750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fcsn\u00fc Hakan","family":"Mersin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(20)30615-x","volume":"21","author":"V Sorin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sorin V, Barash Y, Konen E, Klang E. Deep-learning natural language processing for oncological applications. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(12):1553\u20136. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045(20)30615-x.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2314_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2017-000101","volume":"2","author":"F Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang F, Jiang Y, Zhi H, Dong Y, Li H, Ma S, et al. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2017;2(4):230\u201343. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/svn-2017-000101.","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2314_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-023-04824-w","volume":"149","author":"V Sorin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sorin V, Barash Y, Konen E, Klang E. Large language models for oncological applications. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2023;149(11):9505\u20138. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-023-04824-w.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2314_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114132","volume":"206","author":"N Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu N, Zhang N, Shao Q, Cheng K, Wu H. OpenAI\u2019s GPT-4o in surgical oncology: Revolutionary advances in generative artificial intelligence. Eur J Cancer. 2024;206:114132. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114132.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"2314_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e243201","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.3201","volume":"7","author":"P Garcia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garcia P, Ma SP, Shah S, Smith M, Jeong Y, Devon-Sand A, et al. Artificial Intelligence-Generated Draft Replies to Patient Inbox Messages. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(3):e243201. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.3201.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2314_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2021-0471","volume":"18","author":"MS Mano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mano MS, \u00c7itaku FT, Barach P. Implementing multidisciplinary tumor boards in oncology: a narrative review. Future Oncol. 2022;18(3):375\u201384. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/fon-2021-0471.","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2314_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2343689","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.43689","volume":"6","author":"M Benary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benary M, Wang XD, Schmidt M, Soll D, Hilfenhaus G, Nassir M, et al. Leveraging Large Language Models for Decision Support in Personalized Oncology. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(11):e2343689. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.43689.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"2314_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2023.05.003","volume":"20","author":"A Rao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rao A, Kim J, Kamineni M, Pang M, Lie W, Dreyer KJ, et al. Evaluating GPT as an Adjunct for Radiologic Decision Making: GPT-4 Versus GPT-3.5 in a Breast Imaging Pilot. J Am Coll Radiol. 2023;20(10):990\u20137. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2023.05.003.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2314_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53387-y","volume":"15","author":"Y Oh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oh Y, Park S, Byun HK, Cho Y, Lee IJ, Kim JS, et al. LLM-driven multimodal target volume contouring in radiation oncology. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):9186. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-53387-y.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2314_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Griewing S, Gremke N, Wagner U, Lingenfelder M, Kuhn S, Boekhoff J. Challenging ChatGPT 3.5 in senology-an assessment of concordance with breast cancer tumor board decision making. J Pers Med. 2023;13(10). doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm13101502.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13101502"},{"issue":"6","key":"2314_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-023-07130-5","volume":"308","author":"S Lukac","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lukac S, Dayan D, Fink V, Leinert E, Hartkopf A, Veselinovic K, et al. Evaluating ChatGPT as an adjunct for the multidisciplinary tumor board decision-making in primary breast cancer cases. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2023;308(6):1831\u201344. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-023-07130-5.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2314_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08326-w","volume":"281","author":"JR Lechien","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Baudouin R, Hans S. Accuracy of ChatGPT in head and neck oncological board decisions: preliminary findings. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2024;281(4):2105\u201314. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08326-w.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2314_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-025-03905-1","author":"EC Erdat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Erdat EC, Yal\u00e7\u0131ner M, \u00d6r\u00fcnc\u00fc MB, \u00dcr\u00fcn Y, \u015eenler F\u00c7. Assessing the accuracy of the GPT-4 model in multidisciplinary tumor board decision prediction. Clinical and Translational Oncology. 2025. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12094-025-03905-1.","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Oncology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2314_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-023-00557-8","volume":"9","author":"V Sorin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sorin V, Klang E, Sklair-Levy M, Cohen I, Zippel DB, Balint Lahat N, et al. Large language model (ChatGPT) as a support tool for breast tumor board. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2023;9(1):44. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41523-023-00557-8.","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"2314_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31070284","volume":"31","author":"JL Stalp","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stalp JL, Denecke A, Jentschke M, Hillemanns P, Klapdor R. Quality of ChatGPT-Generated Therapy Recommendations for Breast Cancer Treatment in Gynecology. Curr Oncol. 2024;31(7):3845\u201354. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol31070284.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"2314_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.28121","author":"LA Hern\u00e1ndez-Flores","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Flores LA, L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez JB, Rosales-de-la-Rosa JJ, Aillaud-De-Uriarte D, Contreras-Gardu\u00f1o S, Cort\u00e9s-Gonz\u00e1lez R. Assessment of Challenging Oncologic Cases: A Comparative Analysis Between ChatGPT, Gemini, and a Multidisciplinary Tumor Board. J Surg Oncol. 2025. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.28121.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2314_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-15107-0","volume":"31","author":"R Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang R, Zhao A, Peng L, Xu X, Zhong J, Wu F, et al. Enhanced Artificial Intelligence Strategies in Renal Oncology: Iterative Optimization and Comparative Analysis of GPT 3.5 Versus 4.0. Ann Surg Oncol. 2024;31(6):3887\u201393. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-024-15107-0.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2314_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2024.108238","volume":"239","author":"G Kozel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kozel G, Gurses ME, Gecici NN, G\u00f6kalp E, Bahadir S, Merenzon MA, et al. Chat-GPT on brain tumors: An examination of Artificial Intelligence\/Machine Learning\u2019s ability to provide diagnoses and treatment plans for example neuro-oncology cases. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2024;239:108238. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2024.108238.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"2314_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2300258","DOI":"10.1200\/cci.23.00258","volume":"8","author":"M Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo M, Trivedi S, Kurian AW, Ward K, Keegan THM, Rubin D, et al. Automated Extraction of Patient-Centered Outcomes After Breast Cancer Treatment: An Open-Source Large Language Model-Based Toolkit. JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2024;8:e2300258. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/cci.23.00258.","journal-title":"JCO Clin Cancer Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"2314_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqae087","volume":"163","author":"T Laohawetwanit","year":"2025","unstructured":"Laohawetwanit T, Apornvirat S, Namboonlue C. Thinking like a pathologist: Morphologic approach to hepatobiliary tumors by ChatGPT. Am J Clin Pathol. 2025;163(1):3\u201311. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqae087.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2314_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-325053","volume":"108","author":"D Milad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Milad D, Antaki F, Milad J, Farah A, Khairy T, Mikhail D, et al. Assessing the medical reasoning skills of GPT-4 in complex ophthalmology cases. Br J Ophthalmol. 2024;108(10):1398\u2013405. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo-2023-325053.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02314-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02314-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02314-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:37:39Z","timestamp":1765154259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02314-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02314-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional scientific board of Ankara G\u00fcven Hospital (Approval No: 843, April 30, 2025). Due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data, informed consent was waived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design of the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Portions of the manuscript text were refined using the GPT-4o large language model (OpenAI) under the direct supervision of the authors. All clinical data, analysis, evaluations, and interpretations were performed solely by the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"AI Disclosure"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"179"}}