{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T04:16:25Z","timestamp":1766376985348,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007041","name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Syst"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A health equity movement is underway, in which broad sectors of society must work together to create solutions to the complex interwoven problems that undermine equal opportunities for good health and well-being. Yet, addressing health inequity is a complex and challenging problem. Health inequity manifests through complex disparities that overload healthcare services and penetrate (all) other sectors of society. The aim of this study is to reach consensus on health equity related topics to be included in European health and social care study programmes by using the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To identify such topics, a Delphi method was designed and performed in an expert panel comprising nine academics, clinicians, and members of a non-governmental organization. Using the Sustainable Development Goals as a framework, three rounds of surveys were conducted. The response rate was 100% across all rounds. In the first round, participants selected relevant SDG targets and indicators; 183 indicators were shortlisted. In the second round, participants rated the relevance of each indicator, leading to the endorsement of 142 indicators. In the third round, 162 out of 247 total indicators were endorsed. None of the Sustainable Development Goals were considered irrelevant to health and social care study programmes. We argue that to address health inequities effectively, health and social care professionals should liaise with a wide range of stakeholders in non-health sectors to design appropriate strategies to improve health and well-being. This implies that health and social care curricula should integrate competencies and capabilities that allow future professionals to work outside their traditional spheres of practice, communicating health information to a broad range of audiences, advocating and translating data for intersectoral action, and negotiating strategies and approaches to attain health equity in collaboration with stakeholders from different social sectors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-025-02328-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T04:11:53Z","timestamp":1766376713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sustainable Development Goals as a Framework for Teaching and Learning about Health Equity in European Health and Social Care Study Programmes: A Modified Delphi Approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8206-4803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Ant\u00f3n-Solanas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7049-8295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Urcola-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5676-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana B.","family":"Subir\u00f3n-Valera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6330-6419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Ziveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2312-3612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Wikstr\u00f6m-Grotell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0800-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Aresu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8857-2032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joost","family":"van Wijchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4164-4497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djenana","family":"Jalovcic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cia","family":"T\u00f6rnblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Nyberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0113-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0469-771X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Nordheim","family":"Alme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2328_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1956781","volume-title":"Access to medical care in the U.S.: who has it, who doesn\u2019t","author":"LA Aday","year":"1984","unstructured":"Aday LA, Fleming GV, Andersen R (1984) Access to medical care in the U.S.: who has it, who doesn\u2019t. Pluribus Press\/University of Chicago, Chicago. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1956781"},{"issue":"3","key":"2328_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2190\/986L-LHQ6-2VTE-YRRN","volume":"22","author":"M Whitehead","year":"1992","unstructured":"Whitehead M (1992) The concepts and principles of equity and health. Int J Health Serv 22(3):429\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2190\/986L-LHQ6-2VTE-YRRN","journal-title":"Int J Health Serv"},{"issue":"4","key":"2328_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.4.254","volume":"57","author":"P Braveman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braveman P, Gruskin S (2003) Defining equity in health. J Epidemiol Community Health 57(4):254\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.57.4.254","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2328_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (n.d.) Health equity. World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/health-equity\u00a0(Accessed 20 Dec 2022)"},{"key":"2328_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Givens ML, Kindig D, Inzeo PT, Faust V (2018) Power: the most fundamental cause of health inequity? Health Aff Forefront. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/forefront.20180129.731387","DOI":"10.1377\/forefront.20180129.731387"},{"key":"2328_CR6","volume-title":"Communities in action: pathways to health equity","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering","year":"2017","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017) Communities in action: pathways to health equity. National Academies Press, Washington DC. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK425853\/"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"2328_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S249","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001297","volume":"27","author":"CA G\u00f3mez","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez CA, Kleinman DV, Pronk N, Wrenn Gordon GL, Ochiai E, Blakey C, Johnson A, Brewer KH (2021) Addressing health equity and social determinants of health through Healthy People 2030. J Public Health Manag Pract 27(Suppl 6):S249\u2013S257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001297","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract"},{"key":"2328_CR8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) What is health equity? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/healthequity\/index.html"},{"issue":"1","key":"2328_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2018.103","volume":"8","author":"MJ Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith MJ, Weinstock D (2018) Reducing health inequities through intersectoral action: balancing equity in health with equity for other social goods. Int J Health Policy Manag 8(1):1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15171\/ijhpm.2018.103","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manag"},{"issue":"12","key":"2328_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e551","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30270-9","volume":"4","author":"A Munro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Munro A, Boyce T, Marmot M (2020) Sustainable health equity: achieving a net-zero UK. Lancet Planet Health 4(12):e551\u2013e553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30270-9","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"issue":"10358","key":"2328_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01544-6","volume":"400","author":"S Friel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Friel S, Arthur M, Frank N (2022) Power and the planetary health equity crisis. Lancet 400(10358):1085\u20131087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01544-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2328_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102103","volume":"27","author":"P Braveman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braveman P (2006) Health disparities and health equity: concepts and measurement. Annu Rev Public Health 27:167\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102103","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"2328_CR13","volume-title":"Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A\/RES\/70\/1)","author":"United Nations General Assembly","year":"2015","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A\/RES\/70\/1). United Nations, New York. https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/2030agenda"},{"issue":"1","key":"2328_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000773","volume":"29","author":"M Marmot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marmot M, Bell R (2018) The Sustainable Development Goals and health equity. Epidemiology 29(1):5\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000773","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"7441","key":"2328_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/495305a","volume":"495","author":"D Griggs","year":"2013","unstructured":"Griggs D, Stafford-Smith M, Gaffney O, Rockstr\u00f6m J, \u00d6hman MC, Shyamsundar P, Steffen W, Glaser G, Kanie N, Noble I (2013) Sustainable development goals for people and planet. Nature 495(7441):305\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/495305a","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2328_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldx031","volume":"124","author":"S Morton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morton S, Pencheon D, Squires N (2017) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and their implementation: a national global framework for health, development and equity needs a systems approach at every level. Br Med Bull 124(1):81\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bmb\/ldx031","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"2328_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-01029-4","volume":"20","author":"R Veugelers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Veugelers R, Gaakeer MI, Patka P, Huijsman R (2020) Improving design choices in Delphi studies in medicine: the case of an exemplary physician multi-round panel study with 100% response. BMC Med Res Methodol 20(1):156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-020-01029-4","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2328_CR18","volume-title":"Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A\/RES\/71\/313)","author":"United Nations General Assembly","year":"2017","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly (2017) Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A\/RES\/71\/313). United Nations, New York. https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/sdgs\/indicators\/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf"},{"key":"2328_CR19","volume-title":"Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development","author":"Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations","year":"2015","unstructured":"Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations, New York.\u00a0https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/2030agenda"},{"key":"2328_CR20","unstructured":"SDG Services (n.d.) SDG Services. https:\/\/www.sdg.services\/principles.html. Accessed 31 Jul 2023"},{"key":"2328_CR21","volume-title":"The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Accra Agenda for Action","author":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)","year":"2015","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2015) The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Accra Agenda for Action. OECD, Paris."},{"key":"2328_CR22","volume-title":"Transforming and scaling up health professionals\u2019 education and training: WHO guidelines 2013","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2013) Definition and list of health professionals. In: Transforming and scaling up health professionals\u2019 education and training: WHO guidelines 2013. World Health Organization, Geneva. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK298950\/"},{"key":"2328_CR23","volume-title":"Adelaide Statement II on Health in All Policies: implementing the Sustainable Development Agenda through good governance for health and well-being","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017) Adelaide Statement II on Health in All Policies: implementing the Sustainable Development Agenda through good governance for health and well-being. World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"issue":"4","key":"2328_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e291","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00068-8","volume":"7","author":"The Lancet Public Health","year":"2022","unstructured":"The Lancet Public Health (2022) No public health without planetary health. Lancet Public Health 7(4):e291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00068-8","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2328_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-31125-4","volume-title":"Health of people, health of planet and our responsibility: climate change, air pollution and health","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Delaimy WK, Ramanathan V, S\u00e1nchez Sorondo M (eds) (2020) Health of people, health of planet and our responsibility: climate change, air pollution and health. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-31125-4"},{"issue":"5","key":"2328_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e253","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00110-8","volume":"5","author":"CAF Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guzm\u00e1n CAF, Aguirre AA, Astle B, Barros E, Bayles B, Chimbari M, El-Abbadi N, Evert J, Hackett F, Howard C, Jennings J, Krzyzek A, LeClair J, Maric F, Martin O, Osano O, Patz J, Potter T, Redvers N, Zylstra M (2021) A framework to guide planetary health education. Lancet Planet Health 5(5):e253\u2013e255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00110-8","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2328_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919867727","volume":"134","author":"UE Bauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bauer UE (2019) Community health and economic prosperity: an initiative of the Office of the Surgeon General. Public Health Rep 134(5):472\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354919867727","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2328_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.1739","volume":"319","author":"AB Frakt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frakt AB (2018) How the economy affects health. JAMA 319(12):1187\u20131188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.1739","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2328_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruhm CJ (2001) Economic expansions are unhealthy: evidence from microdata. NBER Working Paper 8447. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge MA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3386\/w8447","DOI":"10.3386\/w8447"},{"issue":"12","key":"2328_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e219","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3495","volume":"26","author":"JA Tapia Granados","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tapia Granados JA, Ionides EL (2017) Population health and the economy: mortality and the Great Recession in Europe. Health Econ 26(12):e219\u2013e235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hec.3495","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2328_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e630","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdab331","volume":"44","author":"JJ Deguma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deguma JJ, Capuno RG, Manguilimotan RP, Padillo GG, Deguma MC (2022) Redefining public health and sustainable economy: COVID-19 from pandemic to endemic. J Public Health 44(4):e630\u2013e630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdab331","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"issue":"53","key":"2328_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23238-8","volume":"29","author":"M Tanveer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tanveer M, Khan SAR, Umar M, Yu Z, Sajid MJ, Haq IU (2022) Waste management and green technology: future trends in circular economy leading towards environmental sustainability. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29(53):80161\u201380178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23238-8","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"2328_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22970","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17407-4","volume":"29","author":"H Yumei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yumei H, Iqbal W, Irfan M, Fatima A (2022) The dynamics of public spending on sustainable green economy: role of technological innovation and industrial structure effects. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 29(16):22970\u201322988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-17407-4","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2328_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.20130057","volume":"7","author":"AH Stevens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stevens AH, Miller DL, Page ME, Filipski M (2015) The best of times, the worst of times: understanding pro-cyclical mortality. Am Econ J Econ Policy 7(4):279\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257\/pol.20130057","journal-title":"Am Econ J Econ Policy"},{"issue":"9","key":"2328_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.102103","volume":"65","author":"C Bambra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bambra C (2011) Work, worklessness and the political economy of health inequalities. J Epidemiol Community Health 65(9):746\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2009.102103","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2328_CR36","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) Vision for health equity in CDC\u2019s global work. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/globalhealth\/equity\/vision.html"},{"issue":"10058","key":"2328_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32133-X","volume":"388","author":"H Wesley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wesley H, Tittle V, Seita A (2016) No health without peace: why SDG 16 is essential for health. Lancet 388(10058):2352\u20132353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32133-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2328_CR38","volume-title":"Report on the health of refugees and migrants in the WHO European Region","author":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (2018) Report on the health of refugees and migrants in the WHO European Region. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/311347"},{"issue":"10164","key":"2328_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32114-7","volume":"392","author":"I Abubakar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abubakar I, Aldridge RW, Devakumar D, Orcutt M, Burns R, Barreto ML, et al (2018) The UCL\u2013Lancet Commission on Migration and Health: the health of a world on the move. Lancet 392(10164):2606\u20132654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32114-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2328_CR40","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2021) Migrant and refugee health. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/migrant-and-refugee-health"},{"key":"2328_CR41","unstructured":"European Institute for Gender Equality (2022) Gender Equality Index 2022: the COVID-19 pandemic and care. European Institute for Gender Equality, Vilnius. https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/publications\/gender-equality-index-2022"},{"key":"2328_CR42","volume-title":"Violence against women: key facts","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024) Violence against women: key facts. World Health Organization, Geneva. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/violence-against-women"},{"key":"2328_CR43","volume-title":"State of Health in the EU: 2023 synthesis report","author":"OECD European Commission","year":"2023","unstructured":"European Commission, OECD, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (2023) State of Health in the EU: 2023 synthesis report. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg."},{"key":"2328_CR44","volume-title":"Regions for Health Network explores cost-of-living crisis and public health","author":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (2022) Regions for Health Network explores cost-of-living crisis and public health. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen."},{"key":"2328_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604351","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2022.1604351","volume":"67","author":"J Trowbridge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trowbridge J, Tan JY, Hussain S, Osman AEB, Di Ruggiero E (2022) Examining intersectoral action as an approach to implementing multistakeholder collaborations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Int J Public Health 67:1604351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ijph.2022.1604351","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02328-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02328-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02328-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T04:11:57Z","timestamp":1766376717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02328-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-025-02328-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical Trial Number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"187"}}