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Surface biopotential measurements such as electrocardiography is one such example requiring conductive electrodes that can be attached to skin to record the electrical activity of the heart, otherwise known as an electrocardiogram (ECG). Typical pre-gelled, silver\/silver chloride (Ag\/AgCl) electrodes; also known as \u201dwet electrodes\u201d, are known to cause skin irritations with performance degradation over time, and therefore remain largely non-ideal especially in long-term, mobile heath monitoring scenarios. This paper reports, for the first time, the development of a single, fully inkjet-printed graphene-on-plastic monolithic wearable armband, whose performance was benchmarked against commercial Ag\/AgCl electrodes during a 1-hour-long ECG recording with five participants. The inkjet-printed graphene-on-plastic armband displayed excellent ECG reception with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of up to 4.2 dB higher than that of commercial electrodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-026-02357-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T01:15:45Z","timestamp":1772673345000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inkjet-Printed Graphene Electrodes on a Plastic Armband for Mobile Electrocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Saygun","family":"Guler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Seyed Sajjad","family":"Mirbakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Melih Can","family":"Tasdelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Burcu Arman","family":"Kuzubasoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Faruk","family":"Ballipinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Murat Kaya","family":"Yapici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2357_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Timmis, A., al., T., European Society of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2019. 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Accessed 01 May 2025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvdhj.2021.05.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-026-02357-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10916-026-02357-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-026-02357-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T01:15:47Z","timestamp":1772673347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10916-026-02357-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-026-02357-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Murat Kaya Yapici reports a relationship with M\u0130KROFLEKS that includes: board membership. Saygun Guler reports a relationship with M\u0130KROFLEKS that includes: employment. The remaining authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The experimental procedures involving volunteer human subjects described in this research are followed by the ethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013 and approved by the Ethics Committee of Sabanci University (FENS-2020-48).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The informed consent of each participant was obtained prior to the sessions. The authors affirm that all participants provided informed consent for publication of the relevant data that were collected during the experiments.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The human face appearing in Fig.\n                      \n                      is a computer-generated graphic.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}],"article-number":"27"}}