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The CHB-MIT database has been fully anonymized and contains no personally identifiable information. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained in the original data collection process by the respective ethical committees and institutional review boards. For the SH-SDU database, all EEG recordings were acquired under the approval of the Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Shandong University (Approval No. KYLL-2021CKJIP-0252), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"91"}}