{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T07:07:10Z","timestamp":1779433630397,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010628","name":"University of La Sabana","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Syst"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Visual impairment (VI) is a growing condition associated with aging, neurological diseases, and chronic eye conditions. In 2023, more than 2.2\u00a0billion people experienced VI, and at least 1\u00a0billion could have been prevented or remain untreated. Visual rehabilitation (VR) is essential for optimizing residual vision and promoting functional independence; however, only a minority have access to these services. In recent years, the development of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), mobile applications, and virtual reality (VRt) has transformed VR, offering accessible and personalized alternatives. This scoping review aimed to map and categorize the available evidence on technology-assisted visual rehabilitation therapies, identifying the types of technologies used, their applications, and reported clinical and functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines to map the literature published between 2015 and 2025 on technology-assisted VR therapies in adults with VI worldwide. Twenty-five studies, mainly from developed countries, were included. Interventions included videoconferencing, computerized systems, portable devices, VRt, artificial vision (AV), and smart sensors. Overall, digital technologies were shown to improve visual function, autonomy, and quality of life, with high patient satisfaction and adherence. Telerehabilitation (TR), understood as the remote delivery of visual rehabilitation services through videoconferencing and digital monitoring platforms, has emerged as a viable and cost-effective strategy. In contrast, immersive virtual reality technologies (VRt), head-mounted display systems, and multisensory integration devices have demonstrated potential to stimulate neuroplasticity and enhance functional visual outcomes.Telerehabilitation platforms, immersive virtual reality systems, portable electronic vision enhancement devices, artificial vision technologies, and sensor-based monitoring tools are emerging as promising interventions. These technologies have demonstrated improvements in visual acuity, reading performance, visual field sensitivity, patient adherence, and functional autonomy, although most studies remain small-scale and geographically concentrated in high-income settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-026-02410-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:28:57Z","timestamp":1779431337000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advances in Technology-Assisted Visual Rehabilitation Therapies: Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4290-3440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Saiz Brice\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9316-2029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Trujillo L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0610-8946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Valentina","family":"Botia Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2767-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Camilo","family":"Tobo Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7189-5863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erwin Hernando","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Rinc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2410_CR1","unstructured":"Ceguera y discapacidad visual [Internet]. [cited 2025 Oct 6]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/es\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/blindness-and-visual-impairment."},{"key":"2410_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011019.PUB3","author":"AK Bittner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bittner AK, Yoshinaga PD, Wykstra SL, Li T. Telerehabilitation for people with low vision. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2020 [cited 2025 Oct 6];2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011019.PUB3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2410_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Del Pilar Oviedo-C\u00e1ceres M, Arias-Pineda KN, Palencia-Fl\u00f3rez DC. Rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la baja visi\u00f3n: un asunto incipiente. Revista Cuidarte [Internet]. Universidad de Santander; 2023 [cited 2025 Oct 5];14:e07. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15649\/CUIDARTE.2665","DOI":"10.15649\/CUIDARTE.2665"},{"key":"2410_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Binns AM, Bunce C, Dickinson C, Harper R, Tudor-Edwards R, Woodhouse M, et al. How Effective is Low Vision Service Provision? A Systematic Review. Surv Ophthalmol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2012 [cited 2025 Oct 5];57:34\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SURVOPHTHAL.2011.06.006","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SURVOPHTHAL.2011.06.006"},{"key":"2410_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wilkinson ME, Shahid KS. Low vision rehabilitation: An update. Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology [Internet]. No longer published by Elsevier; 2018 [cited 2025 Oct 5];32:134\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SJOPT.2017.10.005","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SJOPT.2017.10.005"},{"key":"2410_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bittner AK, Yoshinaga PD, Shepherd JD, Kaminski JE, Malkin AG, Chun MW, et al. Acceptability of Telerehabilitation for Magnification Devices for the Visually Impaired Using Various Approaches to Facilitate Accessibility. Transl Vis Sci Technol [Internet]. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology; 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 29];11:4\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/TVST.11.8.4","DOI":"10.1167\/TVST.11.8.4"},{"key":"2410_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fahrenthold BK, Cavanaugh MR, Jang S, Murphy AJ, Ajina S, Bridge H, et al. Optic Tract Shrinkage Limits Visual Restoration after Occipital Stroke. Stroke [Internet]. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2021 [cited 2025 Oct 29];52:3642\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.034738","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.034738"},{"key":"2410_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00092","author":"JA Elshout","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elshout JA, van Asten F, Hoyng CB, Bergsma DP, van den Berg A V. Visual rehabilitation in chronic cerebral blindness: A randomized controlled crossover study. Front Neurol [Internet]. Frontiers Research Foundation; 2016 [cited 2025 Oct 29];7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2016.00092","journal-title":"Front Neurol [Internet]. Frontiers Research Foundation"},{"key":"2410_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/J.OPTOM.2017.01.001","volume":"11","author":"N Kapoor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kapoor N, Ciuffreda KJ. Assessment of neuro-optometric rehabilitation using the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test in adults with acquired brain injury. J Optom [Internet]. Spanish Council of Optometry; 2017 [cited 2025 Oct 29];11:103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.OPTOM.2017.01.001","journal-title":"J Optom [Internet]. Spanish Council of Optometry"},{"key":"2410_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmad H, Tonelli A, Crepaldi M, Martolini C, Capris E, Gori M. Audio-Visual Thumble (AVT): A low-vision rehabilitation device using multisensory feedbacks. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS [Internet]. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.; 2020 [cited 2025 Oct 29];2020-July:3913\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9175475","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9175475"},{"key":"2410_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buchs G, Maidenbaum S, Levy-Tzedek S, Amedi A. Integration and binding in rehabilitative sensory substitution: Increasing resolution using a new Zooming-in approach. Restor Neurol Neurosci [Internet]. SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England; 2015 [cited 2025 Oct 29];34:97\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/RNN-150592","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-150592"},{"key":"2410_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/TVST.14.9.8","author":"A Miller","year":"2025","unstructured":"Miller A, Crossland MD, Macnaughton J, Latham K. The Usefulness of a Wearable Electronic Vision Enhancement System for People With Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Transl Vis Sci Technol [Internet]. Transl Vis Sci Technol; 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 29];14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/TVST.14.9.8","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol [Internet]. Transl Vis Sci"},{"key":"2410_CR13","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez Garc\u00eda CM. Aplicaciones m\u00f3viles para baja visi\u00f3n: impacto en la rehabilitaci\u00f3n visual y mejora de la calidad de vida. Universidad de Valladolid; 2024."},{"key":"2410_CR14","unstructured":"Aliste Herrera MI. Realidad virtual en rehabilitaci\u00f3n visual [Internet]. Universidad de Valladolid; 2024 [cited 2025 Oct 6]. https:\/\/uvadoc.uva.es\/handle\/10324\/69614. Accessed 6 Oct 2025"},{"key":"2410_CR15","unstructured":"Delrieux C, Pawelko E, Arcusin L, Raponi M. Procesamiento de im\u00e1genes en tiempo real utilizando tecnolog\u00eda embebida. Aplicaci\u00f3n en rehabilitaci\u00f3n visual. SEDICI [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2025 Oct 6]; http:\/\/sedici.unlp.edu.ar\/handle\/10915\/23813. Accessed 6 Oct 2025"},{"key":"2410_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aromataris E, Lockwood C, Porritt K, Pilla B, Jordan Z, editors. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI; 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46658\/JBIMES-24-01","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-01"},{"key":"2410_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O\u2019Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. Ann Intern Med; 2018;169:467\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M18-0850","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2410_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bittner AK, Kaminski JE, Ross NC, Shepherd JD, Thoene SJ, Bui SZ, et al. Telerehabilitation Training to Facilitate Improved Reading Ability with New Magnification Devices for Low Vision. Optom Vis Sci [Internet]. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 29];99:743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001944","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001944"},{"key":"2410_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bittner AK, Estabrook M, Dennis N. Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon Sensors to Document Handheld Magnifier Use at Home by People with Low Vision. Sensors (Basel) [Internet]. MDPI; 2021 [cited 2025 Oct 29];21:7065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/S21217065","DOI":"10.3390\/S21217065"},{"key":"2410_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2016.05.015","volume":"52","author":"Z Mednick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mednick Z, Jaidka A, Nesdole R, Bona M. Assessing the iPad as a tool for low-vision rehabilitation. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2017 [cited 2025 Oct 29];52:13\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2016.05.015","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology [Internet]. Elsevier"},{"key":"2410_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alt\u0131nbay D, \u015eahl\u0131 E, \u0130dil \u015eA. Comparison of Reading Test Parameters from the Print and Tablet Application Forms of the Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test. Turk J Ophthalmol [Internet]. Turkish Ophthalmology Society; 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 29];52:186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/TJO.GALENOS.2021.33581","DOI":"10.4274\/TJO.GALENOS.2021.33581"},{"key":"2410_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wittich W, Jarry J, Morrice E, Johnson A. Effectiveness of the Apple iPad as a Spot-reading Magnifier. Optometry and Vision Science [Internet]. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2018 [cited 2025 Oct 29];95:704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001269","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001269"},{"key":"2410_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1042_20","volume":"69","author":"B Christy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christy B, Pillai A. User feedback on usefulness and accessibility features of mobile applications by people with visual impairment. Indian J Ophthalmol [Internet]. Indian J Ophthalmol; 2021 [cited 2025 Oct 29];69:555\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_1042_20","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol [Internet]. Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2410_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4330","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598-022-08187-Z","volume":"12","author":"R Arbel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arbel R, Heimler B, Amedi A. Congenitally blind adults can learn to identify face-shapes via auditory sensory substitution and successfully generalize some of the learned features. Sci Rep [Internet]. Nature Research; 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 29];12:4330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41598-022-08187-Z","journal-title":"Sci Rep [Internet]. Nature Research"},{"key":"2410_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nau AC, Pintar C, Arnoldussen A, Fisher C. Acquisition of Visual Perception in Blind Adults Using the BrainPort Artificial Vision Device. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy [Internet]. American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc; 2014 [cited 2025 Oct 29];69:6901290010p1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/AJOT.2015.011809","DOI":"10.5014\/AJOT.2015.011809"},{"key":"2410_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10752","DOI":"10.1038\/S41598-022-14489-Z","volume":"12","author":"JH Yeo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yeo JH, Bae SH, Lee SH, Kim KW, Moon NJ. Clinical performance of a smartphone-based low vision aid. Sci Rep [Internet]. Nature Research; 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 29];12:10752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41598-022-14489-Z","journal-title":"Sci Rep [Internet]. Nature Research"},{"key":"2410_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Namgung E, Kwon SU, Han MK, Kim GM, Kim HY, Park KY, et al. Digital therapeutics using virtual reality-based visual perceptual learning for visual field defects in stroke: A double\u2010blind randomized trial. Brain Behav [Internet]. John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 2024 [cited 2025 Oct 29];14:e3525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/BRB3.3525","DOI":"10.1002\/BRB3.3525"},{"key":"2410_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alwashmi K, Meyer G, Rowe F, Ward R. Enhancing learning outcomes through multisensory integration: A fMRI study of audio-visual training in virtual reality. Neuroimage [Internet]. Academic Press; 2024 [cited 2025 Oct 29];285:120483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEUROIMAGE.2023.120483","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROIMAGE.2023.120483"},{"key":"2410_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100544","author":"L Gonz\u00e1lez-Vides","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Vides L, Ca\u00f1adas P, G\u00f3mez-Pedrero JA, Hern\u00e1ndez-Verdejo JL. Real-time assessment of eye movements during reading in individuals with central vision loss using eye-tracking technology: A pilot study. J Optom [Internet]. Spanish Council of Optometry; 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 29];18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100544","journal-title":"J Optom [Internet]. Spanish Council of Optometry"},{"key":"2410_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-02974-5","author":"D Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu D, Yu M, Zheng C, Ji S, Dai J. The effects of an electronic head-mounted display in vision rehabilitation for patients with tunnel vision. Int Ophthalmol [Internet]. Springer Science and Business Media B.V.; 2024 [cited 2025 Oct 29];44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-024-02974-5","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol [Internet]. Springer Science and Business Media"},{"key":"2410_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"He Y, Toft-Nielsen J, Legge G, Montezuma SR. Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in prosthetic vision and simulated visual reduction. BMJ Open Ophthalmol [Internet]. BMJ Publishing Group; 2024 [cited 2025 Oct 29];9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjophth-2024-001705","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2024-001705"},{"key":"2410_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmidt DC, Kj\u00f8lholm CDB, Jordana JT, Spange V, H\u00f8jstrup PD, Larsen BS, et al. At-Home Trial of Four Different Head-Mounted Displays in Visual Rehabilitation of People with Stargardt Disease. Clin Optom (Auckl) [Internet]. Dove Press; 2023 [cited 2025 Oct 29];15:271\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTO.S434404","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S434404"},{"key":"2410_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virgili G, Acosta R, Bentley SA, Giacomelli G, Allcock C, Evans JR. Reading aids for adults with low vision. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2018 [cited 2025 Oct 29];4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003303.PUB4","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003303.PUB4"},{"key":"2410_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020270","volume":"11","author":"ABF de Venecia","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Venecia ABF, Fresnoza SM. Visual cortex transcranial direct current stimulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients: A double-blinded randomized exploratory trial. Brain Sci [Internet]. MDPI AG; 2021 [cited 2025 Oct 29];11:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11020270","journal-title":"Brain Sci [Internet]. MDPI AG"},{"key":"2410_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5551","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3248-18.2019","volume":"39","author":"F Herpich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herpich F, Melnick MD, Agosta S, Huxlin KR, Tadin D, Battelli L. Boosting Learning Efficacy with Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Intact and Brain-Damaged Humans. The Journal of Neuroscience [Internet]. Society for Neuroscience; 2019 [cited 2025 Oct 29];39:5551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3248-18.2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience [Internet]. Society for Neuroscience"},{"key":"2410_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seiple W, van der Aa HPA, Garcia-Pi\u00f1a F, Greco I, Roberts C, Nispen R van. Performance on Activities of Daily Living and User Experience When Using Artificial Intelligence by Individuals With Vision Impairment. Transl Vis Sci Technol [Internet]. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology; 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 29];14:3\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/TVST.14.1.3","DOI":"10.1167\/TVST.14.1.3"},{"key":"2410_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alshami A, Nashwan A, AlDardour A, Qusini A. Artificial Intelligence in rehabilitation: A narrative review on advancing patient care. Rehabilitacion (Madr). Ediciones Doyma, S.L.; 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rh.2025.100911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rh.2025.100911"},{"key":"2410_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trujillo Lopez MP. Dataset for article: Advances in technology-assisted visual rehabilitation therapies. Zenodo; 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17535850","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.17535850"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-026-02410-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10916-026-02410-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10916-026-02410-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:29:00Z","timestamp":1779431340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10916-026-02410-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-026-02410-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of La Sabana.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"83"}}