{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:08:15Z","timestamp":1783526895370,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Netw Syst Manage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10922-024-09894-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T10:33:38Z","timestamp":1733740418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Token as a Service for Software-Defined Zero Trust Networking"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"M\u00fcge","family":"Erel-\u00d6z\u00e7evik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"9894_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose, S., Borchert, O., Mitchell, S., Connelly, S.: Zero trust architecture. Nat. Inst. Standards Technol. NIST Special Publication (SP) (800-207) (2020)","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.800-207"},{"issue":"2","key":"9894_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.018.2300095","volume":"62","author":"R Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng, R., Chen, S., Han, B.: Toward zero-trust security for the metaverse. IEEE Commun. Mag. 62(2), 156\u2013162 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.018.2300095","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"9894_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125307","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3330706","volume":"11","author":"L Bradatsch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bradatsch, L., Miroshkin, O., Kargl, F.: ZTSFC: a service function chaining-enabled zero trust architecture. IEEE Access 11, 125307\u2013125327 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3330706","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"9894_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.23919\/ETR.2021.9904691","volume":"5","author":"J Olsson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Olsson, J., Shorov, A., Abdelrazek, L., Whitefield, J.: 5g zero trust: a zero trust architecture for telecom. Ericsson Technol. Rev. 5, 2\u201311 (2021)","journal-title":"Ericsson Technol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"9894_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2016.2517004","volume":"1","author":"D Giordano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giordano, D., Traverso, S., Grimaudo, L., Mellia, M., Baralis, E., Tongaonkar, A., Saha, S.: Youlighter: a cognitive approach to unveil youtube cdn and changes. IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw. 1(2), 161\u2013174 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCCN.2016.2517004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"6","key":"9894_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2014.2354262","volume":"23","author":"VK Adhikari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adhikari, V.K., Guo, Y., Hao, F., Hilt, V., Zhang, Z.-L., Varvello, M., Steiner, M.: Measurement study of netflix, hulu, and a tale of three cdns. IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw. 23(6), 1984\u20131997 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNET.2014.2354262","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"issue":"4","key":"9894_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2014.2362357","volume":"11","author":"I Bermudez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bermudez, I., Traverso, S., Munaf\u00f2, M., Mellia, M.: A distributed architecture for the monitoring of clouds and cdns: applications to amazon AWS. IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage. 11(4), 516\u2013529 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSM.2014.2362357","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"issue":"1","key":"9894_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/MCC.2017.1","volume":"4","author":"DS Linthicum","year":"2017","unstructured":"Linthicum, D.S.: Paas death watch? IEEE Cloud Comput. 4(1), 6\u20139 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCC.2017.1","journal-title":"IEEE Cloud Comput."},{"key":"9894_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78689","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2885143","volume":"6","author":"W Guan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guan, W., Wen, X., Wang, L., Lu, Z.: On-demand cooperation among multiple infrastructure networks for multi-tenant slicing: a complex network perspective. IEEE Access 6, 78689\u201378699 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2885143","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"9894_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.3045044","volume":"18","author":"M Erel-\u00d6z\u00e7evik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Erel-\u00d6z\u00e7evik, M., Canberk, B.: Ofaas: Openflow switch as a service for multi tenant slicing in SD-CDN. IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag. 18(1), 362\u2013373 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSM.2020.3045044","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"9894_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3336190","volume":"42","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoffmann, M., Janji, S., Samorzewski, A., Kulacz, L., Adamczyk, C., Dryja\u0144ski, M., Kryszkiewicz, P., Kliks, A., Bogucka, H.: Open ran xapps design and evaluation: lessons learnt and identified challenges. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 42(2), 473\u2013486 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3336190","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"9894_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sateesh, H., Zavarsky, P.: State-of-the-art vanet trust models: Challenges and recommendations. In: 2020 11th IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), pp. 0757\u20130764 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IEMCON51383.2020.9284953","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMCON51383.2020.9284953"},{"key":"9894_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu, K., Shi, J., Guo, Z., Zhang, Z., Cai, J.: Research on security strategy of power internet of things devices based on zero-trust. In: 2021 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Application (ICCEA), pp. 79\u201383 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCEA53728.2021.00023","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEA53728.2021.00023"},{"key":"9894_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang, H., Chang, H., Mukherjee, S., Merwe, J.: Oztrust: An o-ran zero-trust security system. In: 2023 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Networks (NFV-SDN), pp. 129\u2013134 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NFV-SDN59219.2023.10329620","DOI":"10.1109\/NFV-SDN59219.2023.10329620"},{"key":"9894_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lefebvre, M., Engels, D.W., Nair, S.: On sdpn: Integrating the software-defined perimeter (sdp) and the software-defined network (sdn) paradigms. In: 2022 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS), pp. 353\u2013358 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CNS56114.2022.9947267","DOI":"10.1109\/CNS56114.2022.9947267"},{"key":"9894_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2023.101803","volume":"92","author":"M Erel-Ozcevik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Erel-Ozcevik, M.: Sustainable fixed wireless access with blockchain secured software defined network. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 92, 101803 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmcj.2023.101803","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob. Comput."},{"key":"9894_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19487","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3248622","volume":"11","author":"P Phiayura","year":"2023","unstructured":"Phiayura, P., Teerakanok, S.: A comprehensive framework for migrating to zero trust architecture. IEEE Access 11, 19487\u201319511 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3248622","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"9894_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1109\/TICPS.2023.3333850","volume":"1","author":"X Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng, X., Hu, S.: Cyber-physical zero trust architecture for industrial cyber-physical systems. IEEE Trans. Ind. Cyber-Phys. Syst. 1, 394\u2013405 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TICPS.2023.3333850","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Cyber-Phys. Syst."},{"key":"9894_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haekal, M., Eliyani: Token-based authentication using json web token on sikasir restful web service. In: 2016 International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC), pp. 175\u2013179 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IAC.2016.7905711","DOI":"10.1109\/IAC.2016.7905711"},{"key":"9894_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ling, Y., Li, X., Bin, D., Yang, C., Lu, J.: Web random token generation technology based on asymmetric encryption technology. In: 2023 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Big Data and Algorithms (EEBDA), pp. 804\u2013808 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EEBDA56825.2023.10090549","DOI":"10.1109\/EEBDA56825.2023.10090549"},{"key":"9894_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, X.-W., Hsieh, C.-Y., Wu, C.H., Cheng, Y.C.: A token-based user authentication mechanism for data exchange in restful api. In: 2015 18th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, pp. 601\u2013606 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NBiS.2015.89","DOI":"10.1109\/NBiS.2015.89"},{"issue":"6","key":"9894_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4041","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2023.3307153","volume":"16","author":"RH Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim, R.H., Song, H., Park, G.S.: Moving real-time services to web 3.0: challenges and opportunities. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. 16(6), 4041\u20134059 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSC.2023.3307153","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"issue":"5","key":"9894_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2018.9010015","volume":"23","author":"S Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liang, S., Zhang, Y., Li, B., Guo, X., Jia, C., Liu, Z.: Secureweb: protecting sensitive information through the web browser extension with a security token. Tsinghua Sci. Technol. 23(5), 526\u2013538 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26599\/TST.2018.9010015","journal-title":"Tsinghua Sci. Technol."},{"key":"9894_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10141724","author":"W Niewolski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Niewolski, W., Nowak, T.W., Sepczuk, M., Kotulski, Z.: Token-based authentication framework for 5g mec mobile networks. Electronics (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics10141724","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"9894_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13053142","author":"K Riad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Riad, K.: Token-revocation access control to cloud-hosted energy optimization utility for environmental sustainability. Appl. Sci. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app13053142","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"9894_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/systems12030084","author":"O Younis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Younis, O., Jambi, K., Eassa, F., Elrefaei, L.: A proposal for a tokenized intelligent system: a prediction for an ai-based scheduling, secured using blockchain. Systems (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems12030084","journal-title":"Systems"},{"key":"9894_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13214216","author":"K Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao, K., Horng, J.-H., Chang, C.-C., Chang, C.-C.: Linguistic secret sharing via ambiguous token selection for IOT security. Electronics (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics13214216","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"9894_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hussain, M.M., Karthick, V.: Efficient search in cloud storage with reduced computational cost using token generation method over crypto hash algorithm. In: 2022 3rd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC), pp. 755\u2013758 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICOSEC54921.2022.9952137","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOSEC54921.2022.9952137"},{"key":"9894_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1134\/S000511792403007X","volume":"85","author":"M Sohrabi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sohrabi, M., Fathollahi-Fard, A.M., Gromov, V.A.: Genetic engineering algorithm (gea): an efficient metaheuristic algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Autom. Remote Control 85, 252\u2013262 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S000511792403007X","journal-title":"Autom. Remote Control"},{"key":"9894_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2023.103254","volume":"149","author":"E Bozkaya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bozkaya, E., Erel-\u00d6z\u00e7evik, M., Bilen, T., \u00d6z\u00e7evik, Y.: Proof of evaluation-based energy and delay aware computation offloading for digital twin edge network. Ad Hoc Netw. 149, 103254 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adhoc.2023.103254","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"9894_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s10922-024-09800-4","volume":"32","author":"A Sherawat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sherawat, A., Nath, S.B., Addya, S.K.: Optimizing completion time of requests in serverless computing. J. Netw. Syst. Manag. 32, 28 (2024)","journal-title":"J. Netw. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"9894_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10922-023-09774-9","volume":"33","author":"A Khiat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khiat, A., Haddadi, M., Bahnes, N.: Genetic-based algorithm for task scheduling in fog-cloud environment. J. Netw. Syst. Manag. 33, 3 (2024)","journal-title":"J. Netw. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"9894_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bagula, A.B.: Traffic engineering next generation ip networks using gene expression programming. In: 2006 IEEE\/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium NOMS 2006, pp. 230\u2013239 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NOMS.2006.1687554","DOI":"10.1109\/NOMS.2006.1687554"}],"container-title":["Journal of Network and Systems Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10922-024-09894-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10922-024-09894-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10922-024-09894-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T23:12:36Z","timestamp":1738105956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10922-024-09894-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["9894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10922-024-09894-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-7570","1573-7705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-7570","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There is no Conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"10"}}