{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:41:55Z","timestamp":1776444115938,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101096838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101096838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101015922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101015922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EU \u201cNextGenerationEU\/PRTR\u201d, MCIN and AEI","award":["IJC2020-043058-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IJC2020-043058-I"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022-142332OA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-142332OA-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013209","name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Netw Syst Manage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10922-025-09959-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T09:02:18Z","timestamp":1752829338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hardware-Accelerated Edge AI Orchestration on the Multi-Tier Edge-to-Cloud Continuum"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Palomares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Coronado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Achilleas","family":"Tzenetopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Lentaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Cervell\u00f3-Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shuaib","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"9959_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"28","author":"SS Gill","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gill, S.S., et al.: Edge AI: a taxonomy, systematic review and future directions. Clust. Comput. 28, 1\u201353 (2024)","journal-title":"Clust. Comput."},{"key":"9959_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4337-1","volume":"68","author":"Q Cui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cui, Q., et al.: Overview of AI and communication for 6G network: fundamentals, challenges, and future research opportunities. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 68, 171301 (2025)","journal-title":"Sci. China Inf. Sci."},{"key":"9959_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2021.05.007","volume":"7","author":"M Liyanage","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liyanage, M., et al.: Driving forces for Multi-access edge computing (MEC) IoT integration in 5G. ICT Express 7, 127\u2013137 (2021)","journal-title":"ICT Express"},{"key":"9959_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2022.08.001","volume":"19","author":"P Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong, P., et al.: Edge semantic cognitive intelligence for 6G networks: novel theoretical models, enabling framework, and typical applications. China Commun. 19, 1\u201314 (2022)","journal-title":"China Commun."},{"key":"9959_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palomares, J., et\u00a0al.: Enabling intelligence inclusiveness in edge to cloud continuum: challenges and opportunities. In: IEEE International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft), pp. 362\u2013365 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/NetSoft57336.2023.10175414"},{"key":"9959_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tzenetopoulos, A., et\u00a0al.: Seamless hw-accelerated ai serving in heterogeneous mec systems with ai@ edge. In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing, pp. 377\u2013380 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3625549.3658812"},{"key":"9959_CR7","unstructured":"ETSI GS MEC 003 V3.2.1: Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC); Framework and Reference Architecture. Tech. Rep., ETSI. https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_gs\/MEC\/001_099\/003\/03.02.01_60\/gs_mec003v030201p.pdf (2024). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2705720","volume":"19","author":"T Taleb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taleb, T., et al.: On multi-access edge computing: a survey of the emerging 5G network edge cloud architecture and orchestration. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 19, 1657\u20131681 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"9959_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3126076","volume":"40","author":"KB Letaief","year":"2022","unstructured":"Letaief, K.B., et al.: Edge artificial intelligence for 6G: vision, enabling technologies, and applications. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 40, 5\u201336 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"9959_CR10","unstructured":"The Linux Foundation.: ONAP Oslo Released. https:\/\/www.onap.org (2025). Accessed 7 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR11","unstructured":"Carella, A., et\u00a0al.: Open baton: a framework for virtual network function management and orchestration for emerging software-based 5g networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Softwarization (2016)"},{"key":"9959_CR12","unstructured":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler.: FogAtlas: Drives Applications Through the Fog. https:\/\/www.fogatlas.fbk.eu (2025). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR13","unstructured":"OpenInfra Foundation.: StarlingX: High-Performance Distributed Cloud Infrastructure. https:\/\/www.starlingx.io (2025). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR14","unstructured":"KubeEdge Contributors.: KubeEdge: Kubernetes Native Edge Computing Framework. https:\/\/www.kubeedge.io (2025). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR15","unstructured":"ETSI GS MEC 010-2 V3.2.1: Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC); MEC Management; Part 2: Application lifecycle, rules and requirements management. Tech. Rep., ETSI. https:\/\/cdn.standards.iteh.ai\/samples\/67525\/57f9c3f7398949798115603e13cadf82\/ETSI-GS-MEC-010-2-V3-2-1-2024-02-.pdf (2024). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR16","unstructured":"ETSI GR MEC 024 V2.1.1: Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC); Support for network slicing. Tech. Rep., ETSI. https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_gr\/MEC\/001_099\/024\/02.01.01_60\/gr_mec024v020101p.pdf (2019). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR17","unstructured":"ETSI GR MEC 027 V2.1.1: Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC); Study on MEC support for alternative virtualization technologies. Tech. Rep., ETSI. https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_gr\/MEC\/001_099\/027\/02.01.01_60\/gr_MEC027v020101p.pdf (2019). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR18","unstructured":"Kokkonen, H., et\u00a0al.: Autonomy and intelligence in the computing continuum: Challenges, enablers, and future directions for orchestration. arXiv:2205.01423  (2023)"},{"key":"9959_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreira, R., et\u00a0al.: On enhancing network slicing life-cycle through an AI-native orchestration architecture. In: Advanced Information Networking and Applications, pp. 124\u2013136. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-28451-9_11"},{"key":"9959_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2022.100674","volume":"21","author":"S Iftikhar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iftikhar, S., et al.: AI-based fog and edge computing: a systematic review, taxonomy and future directions. Internet Things 21, 100674 (2023)","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"9959_CR21","unstructured":"TOSCA Simple Profile in YAML Version 1.3. Tech. Rep., OASIS Standard. https:\/\/docs.oasis-open.org\/tosca\/TOSCA-Simple-Profile-YAML\/v1.3\/TOSCA-Simple-Profile-YAML-v1.3.html (2020). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rossini, A., et\u00a0al.: The cloud application modelling and execution language. J. Cloud Comput. 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13677-019-0138-7 (2017)","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-019-0138-7"},{"key":"9959_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferry, N., et\u00a0al.: The MODAClouds model-driven development. In: Di Nitto, E., Matthews, P., Petcu, D., Solberg, A. (eds.) SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, pp. 23\u201333. Springer International Publishing, Cham https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-46031-4_3 (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46031-4_3"},{"key":"9959_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.3390\/app14062311","volume":"14","author":"I Korontanis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Korontanis, I., et al.: A survey on modeling languages for applications hosted on cloud-edge computing environments. Appl. Sci. 14, 2311 (2024)","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"9959_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slamnik-Krijestorac, N., et\u00a0al.: An ML-driven framework for edge orchestration in a vehicular NFV MANO environment. In: Proceedings IEEE 20th Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), pp. 728\u2013733 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC51644.2023.10060659"},{"key":"9959_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartolomeo, G., et\u00a0al.: Oakestra: a lightweight hierarchical orchestration framework for edge computing. In: Proceedings of USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC) (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3546037.3546056"},{"key":"9959_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AL-Naday, M., et\u00a0al.: Federated scheduling of fog-native applications over multi-domain edge-to-cloud ecosystem. In: 2023 19th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), pp. 1\u20137 (2023)","DOI":"10.23919\/CNSM59352.2023.10327839"},{"key":"9959_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3050009","volume":"18","author":"N Akhtar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akhtar, N., et al.: Managing chains of application functions over multi-technology edge networks. IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage. 18, 511\u2013525 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"key":"9959_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2021.3118058","volume":"22","author":"N Slamnik-Krije\u0161torac","year":"2023","unstructured":"Slamnik-Krije\u0161torac, N., et al.: Collaborative orchestration of multi-domain edges from a connected, cooperative and automated mobility (CCAM) perspective. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 22, 2001\u20132020 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"9959_CR30","unstructured":"Blanquez, A.L., et\u00a0al.: Edge-Cloud Continuum Orchestration of Critical Services: A Smart-City Approach (2024). arxiv:2407.17314"},{"key":"9959_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2025.3567585","volume":"6","author":"J Palomares","year":"2025","unstructured":"Palomares, J., et al.: Inter-AGV scheduling and a novel multi-agent collaborative protocol for intra-AGV resource allocation in MEC-enabled multi-AGV scenarios. IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc. 6, 4238\u20134259 (2025)","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."},{"key":"9959_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2025.3546866","author":"J Palomares","year":"2025","unstructured":"Palomares, J., et al.: Toward field-level device orchestration in industrial multiaccess edge computing deployments: a unified IT-OT framework. IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag. (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MIE.2025.3546866","journal-title":"IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag."},{"key":"9959_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Filinis, N., et\u00a0al.: A synergetic meta-orchestration framework for distributed application deployments in the computing continuum. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on MetaOS for the Cloud-Edge-IoT Continuum. Association for Computing Machinery, Athens, Greece, New York, NY, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3642975.3678964. https:\/\/doi-org.recursos.biblioteca.upc.edu\/10.1145\/3642975.3678964 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3642975.3678964"},{"key":"9959_CR34","unstructured":"Open Source MANO Community.: Reference of OSM Information Model \u2014 Annex 3.  https:\/\/osm.etsi.org\/docs\/user-guide\/latest\/12-osm-im.html (2025). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR35","unstructured":"GS NFV-MAN 001 V1.1.1- Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Management and Orchestration; Functional Requirements Specification. Tech. Rep., ETSI. https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_gs\/NFV-MAN\/001_099\/001\/01.01.01_60\/gs_NFV-MAN001v010101p.pdf (2014). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan9010004","volume":"9","author":"P Trakadas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trakadas, P., et al.: Comparison of management and orchestration solutions for the 5G era. J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 9, 4 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Sens. Actuator Netw."},{"key":"9959_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francescon, A., et\u00a0al.: X-MANO: an open-source platform for cross-domain management and orchestration. In: 2017 IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft), pp. 1\u20136 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/NETSOFT.2017.8004236"},{"key":"9959_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.111.2100004","volume":"28","author":"Y-D Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin, Y.-D., et al.: Scalable mobile edge computing: a two-tier multi-site multi-server architecture with autoscaling and offloading. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 28, 168\u2013175 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"9959_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernini, G., et\u00a0al.: Multi-domain orchestration of 5G vertical services and network slices. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICC Workshops (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops49005.2020.9145221"},{"key":"9959_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5133","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3192328","volume":"19","author":"J Casta\u00f1eda Cisneros","year":"2022","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1eda Cisneros, J., et al.: Coordination-free multi-domain NFV orchestration for consistent VNF forwarding graph reconfiguration. IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage. 19, 5133\u20135151 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"key":"9959_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gama, E.S., et\u00a0al.: An orchestrator architecture for multi-tier edge\/cloud video streaming services. In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Communications (EDGE), pp. 190\u2013196 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/EDGE60047.2023.00038"},{"key":"9959_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alarbi, M., et\u00a0al.: ECO: edge continuum orchestrator framework for managing serverless chains across the cloud-edge spectrum. In: 2024 33rd International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), pp. 1\u20136 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN61486.2024.10637523"},{"key":"9959_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dao, N.-N., et\u00a0al.: Multi-tier multi-access edge computing: the role for the fourth industrial revolution. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICTC (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC.2017.8190921"},{"key":"9959_CR44","unstructured":"ETSI GS MEC 040 V3.2.1: Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC); Federation enablement APIs. Tech. Rep., ETSI. https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_gs\/MEC\/001_099\/040\/03.02.01_60\/gs_MEC040v030201p.pdf (2024). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riggio, R., et\u00a0al.: AIEDGE: a secure and reusable artificial intelligence platform for edge computing. In: Proceedings of IEEE EuCNC\u20146G Summit, pp. 610\u2013615 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC\/6GSummit51104.2021.9482440"},{"key":"9959_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferikoglou, A., et\u00a0al.: The SERRANO platform: stepping towards seamless application development & deployment in the heterogeneous edge-cloud continuum. In: Proceedings of IEEE DATE (2023)","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE56975.2023.10137039"},{"key":"9959_CR47","unstructured":"ETSI GS MEC 021 V2.2.1: Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC); Application Mobility Service API. Tech. Rep., ETSI. https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_gs\/MEC\/001_099\/021\/02.02.01_60\/gs_mec021v020201p.pdf (2022). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR48","unstructured":"ETSI GS MEC 012 V2.1.1: Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC); Radio Network Information API. Tech. Rep., ETSI. https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_gs\/MEC\/001_099\/012\/02.01.01_60\/gs_mec012v020101p.pdf (2019). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR49","unstructured":"Romero, F., et\u00a0al.: INFaaS: automated model-less inference serving. In: Proceedings of USENIX Annual Technical Conference (2021)"},{"key":"9959_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3472958","volume":"15","author":"A Damiani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Damiani, A., et al.: Blastfunction: a full-stack framework bringing FPGA hardware acceleration to cloud-native applications. ACM Trans. Reconfig. Technol. Syst. 15, 1\u201327 (2022)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Reconfig. Technol. Syst."},{"key":"9959_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferikoglou, A., et\u00a0al.: IRIS: interference and resource aware predictive orchestration for ML inference serving. In: Proceedings of IEEE CLOUD (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CLOUD60044.2023.00021"},{"key":"9959_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.3390\/info15080480","volume":"15","author":"D Giagkos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giagkos, D., et al.: AI-driven QoS-aware scheduling for serverless video analytics at the edge. Information 15, 480 (2024)","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"9959_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/LES.2023.3266099","volume":"16","author":"C Marantos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marantos, C., et al.: Cometes: cross-device mapping for energy and time aware deployment on edge infrastructures. IEEE Embedded Syst. Lett. 16, 98\u2013101 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Embedded Syst. Lett."},{"key":"9959_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patterson, L., et\u00a0al.: HiveMind: a hardware-software system stack for serverless edge swarms. In: Proceedings of ACM ISCA (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3470496.3527407"},{"key":"9959_CR55","unstructured":"Shuvo, M.M., et\u00a0al.: Efficient acceleration of deep learning inference on resource-constrained edge devices: a review. In: Proceedings of the IEEE (2022)"},{"key":"9959_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3506713","volume":"15","author":"C Bobda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bobda, C., et al.: The future of FPGA acceleration in datacenters and the cloud. ACM Trans. Reconfig. Technol. Syst. (TRETS) 15, 1\u201342 (2022)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Reconfig. Technol. Syst. (TRETS)"},{"key":"9959_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2017.19","volume":"37","author":"B Falsafi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Falsafi, B., et al.: FPGAs versus GPUs in data centers. IEEE Micro 37, 60\u201372 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Micro"},{"key":"9959_CR58","unstructured":"Jouppi, N.P., et\u00a0al.: In-datacenter performance analysis of a tensor processing unit. In: Proceedings of ACM ISCA (2017)"},{"key":"9959_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.1900690","volume":"58","author":"E Coronado","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coronado, E., et al.: LightEdge: mapping the evolution of multi-access edge computing in cellular networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 58, 24\u201330 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"9959_CR60","unstructured":"ETSI. ETSI GS NFV-IFA 010 V4.5.1\u2014ETSI Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) Release 4: Management and Orchestration; VNF Descriptor and Packaging Specification. Tech. Rep., ETSI. https:\/\/cdn.standards.iteh.ai\/samples\/68062\/c5fa95e5926f45dba62e8b867a60333d\/ETSI-GS-NFV-IFA-010-V4-5-1-2023-09-.pdf (2023). Accessed 30 June 2025"},{"key":"9959_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gan, Y., et\u00a0al.: Seer: leveraging big data to navigate the complexity of performance debugging in cloud microservices. In: Proceedings of ACM ASPLOS (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3297858.3304004"},{"key":"9959_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palomares, J., et\u00a0al.: MEO: an enhanced MEC orchestrator for federated and distributed MEC systems. In: IEEE Global Communications Conference Selected Areas in Communications: Cloud Computing and Networking, pp. 5325\u20135330 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM52923.2024.10901244"}],"container-title":["Journal of Network and Systems Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10922-025-09959-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10922-025-09959-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10922-025-09959-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T08:16:27Z","timestamp":1758788187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10922-025-09959-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["9959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10922-025-09959-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-7570","1573-7705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-7570","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"94"}}