{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T09:35:25Z","timestamp":1776764125915,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,24]],"date-time":"2011-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Sched"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10951-011-0232-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,23]],"date-time":"2011-03-23T15:54:45Z","timestamp":1300895685000},"page":"639-654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Empowerment scheduling for a field workforce"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alsheddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Edward P. K.","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"232_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.90.5.945","volume":"90","author":"M. Ahearne","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ahearne, M., Mathieu, J., & Rapp, A. (2005). To empower or not to empower your sales force? An empirical examination of the influence of leadership empowerment behaviour on customer satisfaction and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 945\u2013955.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"232_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ANOR.0000019088.98647.e2","volume":"127","author":"H. Alfares","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alfares, H. (2004). Survey, categorization, and comparison of recent tour scheduling literature. Annals of Operation Research, 127, 145\u2013175.","journal-title":"Annals of Operation Research"},{"key":"232_CR3","volume-title":"The congress on evolutionary computation (CEC)","author":"A. Alsheddy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alsheddy, A., & Tsang, E. P. K. (2010). Guided Pareto local search based frameworks for biobjective optimization. In The congress on evolutionary computation (CEC), Spain, Barcelona. New York: IEEE Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"232_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(03)00249-1","volume":"32","author":"M. N. Azaiez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Azaiez, M. N., & Al\u00a0Sharif, S.S. (2005). A 0\u20131 goal programming model for nurse scheduling. Computers & Operations Research, 32(3), 491\u2013507.","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"232_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2934.2006.00633.x","volume":"15","author":"L. Bailyn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bailyn, L., Collins, R., & Song, Y. (2007). Self-scheduling for hospital nurses: an attempt and its difficulties. Journal of Nursing Management, 15(1), 72\u201377.","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Management"},{"key":"232_CR6","unstructured":"Baker, S. (1993). Applying simulated annealing to the workforce management problem (Technical report). British Telecom Laboratories."},{"issue":"2","key":"232_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2003.06.046","volume":"164","author":"J. F. Bard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bard, J. F., & Purnomo, H. W. (2005). Preference scheduling for nurses using column generation. European Journal of Operational Research, 164(2), 510\u2013534.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"232_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2005.01.015","volume":"33","author":"S. Bertels","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bertels, S., & Fahle, T. (2006). A hybrid setup for a hybrid scenario: combining heuristics for the home health care problem. Computers & Operations Research, 33(10), 2866\u20132890.","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"232_CR9","volume-title":"Genetic and evolutionary computation conference 2008","author":"Y. Borenstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Borenstein, Y., Shah, N., Tsang, E. P. K., Dorne, R., Alsheddy, A., & Voudouris, C. (2008). On the partitioning of dynamic scheduling problems\u2014assigning technicians to areas. In Genetic and evolutionary computation conference 2008, USA."},{"issue":"2","key":"232_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0824-7935.2004.00234.x","volume":"20","author":"C. Boutilier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boutilier, C., Brafman, R. I., Domshlak, C., Hoos, H. H., & Poole, D. (2004). Preference-based constrained optimization with cp-nets. Computational Intelligence, 20(2), 137\u2013157.","journal-title":"Computational Intelligence"},{"key":"232_CR11","first-page":"1139","volume-title":"The congress on evolutionary computation (CEC2001)","author":"E. K. Burke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Burke, E. K., De Causmaecker, P., Petrovic, S., & Vanden Berghe, G. (2001). Fitness evaluation for nurse scheduling problems. In The congress on evolutionary computation (CEC2001) (pp. 1139\u20131146). New York: IEEE Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"232_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOSH.0000046076.75950.0b","volume":"7","author":"E. K. Burke","year":"2004","unstructured":"Burke, E. K., De Causmaecker, P., Vanden Berghe, G., & Van Landeghem, H. (2004). The state of the art of nurse rostering. Journal of Scheduling, 7(6), 441\u2013499.","journal-title":"Journal of Scheduling"},{"key":"232_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1108\/00483489610148509","volume":"25","author":"T. Claydon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Claydon, T., & Doyle, M. (1996). Trusting me, trusting you? The ethics of employee empowerment. Personnel Review, 25, 13\u201325.","journal-title":"Personnel Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"232_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1988.4306983","volume":"13","author":"J. A. Conger","year":"1988","unstructured":"Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: integrating theory and practice. The Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471\u2013482.","journal-title":"The Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"232_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/11730095_2","volume-title":"Evolutionary computation in combinatorial optimization","author":"P. Cowling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cowling, P., Colledge, N., Dahal, K., & Remde, S. (2006). The trade off between diversity and quality for multi-objective workforce scheduling. In Evolutionary computation in combinatorial optimization (pp. 13\u201324)."},{"issue":"3","key":"232_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-008-9087-2","volume":"12","author":"M. L. Grano De","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Grano, M. L., Medeiros, D., & Eitel, D. (2009). Accommodating individual preferences in nurse scheduling via auctions and optimization. Health Care Management Science, 12(3), 228\u2013242.","journal-title":"Health Care Management Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"232_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/10686967.2001.11918949","volume":"8","author":"Z. S. Dimitriades","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dimitriades, Z. S. (2001). Empowerment in total quality: Designing and implementing effective employee decision-making strategies. Quality Management Journal, 8(2), 19\u201328.","journal-title":"Quality Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"232_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ANOR.0000019097.93634.07","volume":"128","author":"P. Eveborn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eveborn, P., & R\u00f6nnqvist, M. (2004). Scheduler\u2014a system for staff planning. Annals of Operation Research, 128(1), 21\u201345.","journal-title":"Annals of Operation Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"232_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.1030.0079","volume":"39","author":"D. Feillet","year":"2005","unstructured":"Feillet, D., Dejax, P., & Gendreau, M. (2005). Traveling salesman problems with profits. Transportation Science, 39(2), 188\u2013205.","journal-title":"Transportation Science"},{"key":"232_CR20","series-title":"International series in operations research & management science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/b101874","volume-title":"Handbook of metaheuristics","author":"F. Glover","year":"2003","unstructured":"Glover, F., & Kochenberger, G. (2003). International series in operations research & management science. Handbook of metaheuristics. Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"232_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1108\/01425450510605697","volume":"27","author":"K. Greasley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Greasley, K., Bryman, A., Dainty, A., Price, A., Soetanto, R., & King, N. (2005). Employee perceptions of empowerment. Employee Relations, 27, 354\u2013368.","journal-title":"Employee Relations"},{"issue":"7","key":"232_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1982.137","volume":"33","author":"R. S. Hambleton","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hambleton, R. S. (1982). The prospect award 1981: a manpower planning model for mobile repairmen. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 33(7), 621\u2013627.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"232_CR23","first-page":"37","volume":"20","author":"R. Hung","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hung, R. (2002). A note on nurse self-scheduling. Nursing Economics, 20(1), 37\u201339.","journal-title":"Nursing Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"232_CR24","first-page":"73","volume":"13","author":"J. Lever","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lever, J., Wallace, M., & Richards, B. (1995). Constraint logic programming for scheduling and planning. British Telecom Technology Journal, 13(1), 73\u201380.","journal-title":"British Telecom Technology Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"232_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.20.2.21","volume":"20","author":"R. Love","year":"1990","unstructured":"Love, R., & Hoey, J. (1990). Management science improves fast-food operations. Interfaces, 20(2), 21\u201329.","journal-title":"Interfaces"},{"issue":"3","key":"232_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/00005110-198403000-00011","volume":"14","author":"M. L. Miller","year":"1984","unstructured":"Miller, M. L. (1984). Implementing self-scheduling. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 14(3), 33\u201336.","journal-title":"The Journal of Nursing Administration"},{"key":"232_CR27","unstructured":"Muller, C., Magill, E., & Smith, D. (1993). Distributed genetic algorithms for resource allocation (Technical report). Strathclyde University."},{"issue":"3","key":"232_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.513.0263","volume":"51","author":"Y. Naveh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Naveh, Y., Richter, Y., Altshuler, Y., Gresh, D. L., & Connors, D. P. (2007). Workforce optimization: identification and assignment of professional workers using constraint programming. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 51(3), 263\u2013279.","journal-title":"IBM Journal of Research and Development"},{"issue":"9","key":"232_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0548(93)90105-R","volume":"20","author":"S. U. Randhawa","year":"1993","unstructured":"Randhawa, S. U., & Sitompul, D. (1993). A heuristic-based computerized nurse scheduling system. Computers & Operations Research, 20(9), 837\u2013844.","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"232_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/1056492605285801","volume":"15","author":"S. Silver","year":"2006","unstructured":"Silver, S., Randolph, W. A., & Seibert, S. (2006). Implementing and sustaining empowerment: lessons learned from comparison of a for-profit and a nonprofit organization. Journal of Management Inquiry, 15(1), 47\u201358.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Inquiry"},{"issue":"5","key":"232_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2006.03.004","volume":"43","author":"H. Tang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tang, H., Miller-Hooks, E., & Tomastik, R. (2007). Scheduling technicians for planned maintenance of geographically distributed equipment. Transportation Research, Part E, Logistics and Transportation Review, 43(5), 591\u2013609.","journal-title":"Transportation Research, Part E, Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"232_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2834.1998.00096.x","volume":"6","author":"B. Teahan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Teahan, B. (1998). Implementation of a self-scheduling system: a solution to more than just schedules! Journal of Nursing Management, 6(6), 361\u2013368. [Erratum: Journal of Nursing Management, 7(1), 65, 1999].","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Management"},{"key":"232_CR33","volume-title":"Foundations of constraint satisfaction","author":"E. P. K. Tsang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tsang, E. P. K. (1993). Foundations of constraint satisfaction. San Diego: Academic Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"232_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6377(96)00042-9","volume":"20","author":"E. P. K. Tsang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tsang, E. P. K., & Voudouris, C. (1997). Fast local search and guided local search and their application to British telecom\u2019s workforce scheduling problem. Operations Research Letters, 20(3), 119\u2013127.","journal-title":"Operations Research Letters"},{"key":"232_CR35","first-page":"485","volume-title":"2nd multidisciplinary international conference on scheduling: theory & applications (MISTA)","author":"E. P. K. Tsang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tsang, E. P. K., Gosling, T., Virginas, B., Voudouris, C., & Owusu, G. (2005). Retractable contract network for distributed scheduling. In 2nd multidisciplinary international conference on scheduling: theory & applications (MISTA) (pp. 485\u2013500), New York."},{"issue":"1","key":"232_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3233\/MGS-2008-4103","volume":"4","author":"E. P. K. Tsang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsang, E. P. K., Gosling, T., Virginas, B., Voudouris, C., Owusu, G., & Liu, W. (2008a). Retractable contract network for empowerment in workforce scheduling. Multiagent and Grid Systems, 4(1), 25\u201344.","journal-title":"Multiagent and Grid Systems"},{"key":"232_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75504-3_19","volume-title":"Service chain management","author":"E. P. K. Tsang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsang, E. P. K., Virginas, B., Gosling, T., & Liu, W. (2008b). Multi-agent systems for staff empowerment. In Service chain management (pp. 263\u2013272)."},{"issue":"4","key":"232_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3233\/KES-2005-9405","volume":"9","author":"M. Ursu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ursu, M., Virginas, B., Owusu, G., & Voudouris, C. (2005). Distributed resource allocation via local choices: A case study of workforce allocation. International Journal of Knowledge Based Intelligent Systems Engineering, 9(4), 293\u2013301.","journal-title":"International Journal of Knowledge Based Intelligent Systems Engineering"},{"key":"232_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48056-5_7","volume-title":"Handbook of metaheuristics","author":"C. Voudouris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Voudouris, C., & Tsang, E. P. K. (2003). Guided local search. In F. Glover (Ed.), Handbook of metaheuristics (pp. 185\u2013218). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic."},{"key":"232_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75504-3","volume-title":"Service chain management: technology innovation for the service business","author":"C. Voudouris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Voudouris, C., Owusu, G., Dorne, R., & Lesaint, D. (2008). Service chain management: technology innovation for the service business. Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"232_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1108\/00483489810368549","volume":"27","author":"A. Wilkinson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wilkinson, A. (1998). Empowerment: theory and practice. Personnel Review, 27, 40\u201356.","journal-title":"Personnel Review"},{"key":"232_CR42","first-page":"373","volume-title":"The 2nd international conference on the practical application of constraint technology","author":"R. Yang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yang, R. (1996). Solving a workforce management problem with constraint programming. In The 2nd international conference on the practical application of constraint technology (pp. 373\u2013387)."},{"key":"232_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-5273(94)90139-2","volume":"33","author":"K. Yura","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yura, K. (1994). Production scheduling to satisfy worker\u2019s preferences for days off and overtime under due-date constraints. International Journal of Production Economics, 33, 265\u2013270.","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Scheduling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10951-011-0232-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10951-011-0232-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10951-011-0232-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,9]],"date-time":"2019-06-09T07:35:16Z","timestamp":1560065716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10951-011-0232-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,24]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10951-011-0232-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-6136","1099-1425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-6136","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,24]]}}}