{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:44:43Z","timestamp":1774953883858,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Philos Logic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The best-known syntactic account of the logical constants is <jats:italic>inferentialism<\/jats:italic> . Following Wittgenstein\u2019s thought that meaning is use, inferentialists argue that meanings of expressions are given by introduction and elimination rules. This is especially plausible for the logical constants, where standard presentations divide inference rules in just this way. But not just any rules will do, as we\u2019ve learnt from Prior\u2019s famous example of <jats:italic>tonk<\/jats:italic>, and the usual extra constraint is <jats:italic>harmony<\/jats:italic>. Where does this leave identity? It\u2019s usually taken as a logical constant but it doesn\u2019t seem harmonious: standardly, the introduction rule (reflexivity) only concerns a subset of the formulas canvassed by the elimination rule (Leibniz\u2019s law). In response, Read [5, 8] and Klev [3] amend the standard approach. We argue that both attempts fail, in part because of a misconception regarding inferentialism and identity that we aim to identify and clear up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10992-021-09605-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T01:02:36Z","timestamp":1623718956000},"page":"1449-1469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Introducing Identity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Owen","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arif","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"9605_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fjellstad, A. (2015). How a semantics for Tonk should be. Review of Symbolic Logic, 8, 488\u2013505.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755020314000513"},{"key":"9605_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffiths, O. (2014). Harmonious rules for identity. Review of Symbolic Logic, 7, 499\u2013510.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755020314000161"},{"key":"9605_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klev, A. (2019). The harmony of identity. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 48, 867\u2013884.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10992-018-09499-0"},{"key":"9605_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, S. and Keiff, L. 2004. How to be a dialogician. In Logic, Thought and Action: 359\u2013408. Dordrecht: Kluwer.","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3167-X_17"},{"key":"9605_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Read, S. (2004). Identity and harmony. Analysis, 64, 113\u2013119.","DOI":"10.1093\/analys\/64.2.113"},{"key":"9605_CR6","unstructured":"Read, S. (2008). Harmony and modality. In C. D\u00e9gremont, L. Kieff, & H. R\u00fcckert (Eds.), Dialogues, Logics and Other Strange Things: Essays in Honour of Shahid Rahman: 285\u2013303. College Publications."},{"key":"9605_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Read, S. (2010). General-elimination harmony and the meaning of the logical constants. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 39, 557\u2013576.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10992-010-9133-7"},{"key":"9605_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Read, S. (2016). Harmonic inferentialism and the logic of identity. Review of Symbolic Logic, 9, 408\u2013420. References to mildly revised online version: http:\/\/www.st-andrews.ac.uk\/~slr\/Inferentialism-Identity-amended.pdf.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755020316000010"},{"key":"9605_CR9","unstructured":"Simpson, A. (1994). The Proof Theory and Semantics of Intuitionistic Modal Logic. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh."},{"key":"9605_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinberger, F. (2011). What harmony could and could not be. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 89, 617\u2013639.","DOI":"10.1080\/00048402.2010.528781"},{"key":"9605_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vigan\u00f2, L. (2000). Labelled non-classical logics. Reidel.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3208-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Philosophical Logic"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10992-021-09605-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10992-021-09605-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10992-021-09605-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T04:57:09Z","timestamp":1637125029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10992-021-09605-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10992-021-09605-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3611","1573-0433"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3611","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0433","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}